What Are Shoulder Problems?
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1 What Are Shouder Probems? Fast Facts: An Easy-to-Read Series of Pubications for the Pubic What Are the Parts of the Shouder? The shouder joint is made up of bones hed in pace by musces, tendons, and igaments. Tendons are tough cords of tissue that hod the shouder musces to bones. They hep the musces move the shouder. Ligaments hod the three shouder bones to each other and hep make the shouder joint stabe. Who Gets Shouder Probems? Men, women, and chidren can have shouder probems. They occur in peope of a races and ethnic backgrounds. U.S. Department of of Heath and Human Services Pubic Heath Service Nationa Institute of of Arthritis and Muscuoskeeta and Skin Diseases Nationa Institutes of of Heath 1 AMS Circe Bethesda, MD Phone: To free: NIAMS TTY: Fax: Emai: NIAMSinfo@mai.nih.gov Web site: What Causes Shouder Probems? Many shouder probems are caused by the breakdown of soft tissues in the shouder region. Using the shouder too much can cause the soft tissue to break down faster as peope get oder. Doing manua abor and paying sports may cause shouder probems. Shouder pain may be fet in one sma spot, in a arger area, or down the arm. Pain that traves aong nerves to the shouder can be caused by diseases such as: Gabadder disease Liver disease Heart disease Disease of the spine in the neck. How Are Shouder Probems Diagnosed? Doctors diagnose shouder probems by using: Medica history Physica examination Tests such as x rays, utrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Month Updated and June Year
2 What Are Shouder Probems? Fast Facts: An Easy-to-Read Series of Pubications for the Pubic How Are Shouder Probems Treated? Shouder probems are most often first treated with RICE (Rest, Ice, Compression, and Eevation): Rest. Don t use the shouder for 48 hours. Ice. Put an ice pack on the injured area for 20 minutes, four to eight times per day. Use a cod pack, ice bag, or a pastic bag fied with crushed ice wrapped in a towe. Compression. Put even pressure (compression) on the painfu area to hep reduce the sweing. A wrap or bandage wi hep hod the shouder in pace. Eevation. Keep the injured area above the eve of the heart. A piow under the shouder wi hep keep it up. If pain and stiffness persist, see a doctor to diagnose and treat the probem. What Are the Most Common Shouder Probems? The most common shouder probems are: Disocation Separation Rotator cuff disease Rotator cuff tear Frozen shouder Fracture Arthritis. The symptoms and treatment of shouder probems vary, depending on the type of probem. Disocation Disocation occurs when the ba at the top of the bone in the upper arm pops out of the socket. It can happen if the shouder is twisted or pued very hard. To treat a disocation, a doctor performs a procedure to push the ba of the upper arm back into the socket. Further treatment may incude: Wearing a sing or device to keep the shouder in pace Rest Ice three or four times a day Exercise to improve range of motion, strengthen musces, and prevent injury. Once a shouder is disocated, it may happen again. This is common in young, active peope. If the disocation injures tissues or nerves around the shouder, surgery may be needed. Separation A shouder separation occurs when the igaments between the coarbone and the shouder bade are torn. The injury is most often caused by a bow to the shouder or by faing on an outstretched hand. 2
3 What Are Shouder Probems? Fast Facts: An Easy-to-Read Series of Pubications for the Pubic Treatment for a shouder separation incudes: Rest A sing to keep the shouder in pace Ice to reieve pain and sweing Exercise, after a time of rest Surgery if tears are severe. Rotator Cuff Disease: Tendinitis and Bursitis In tendinitis of the shouder, tendons become infamed (red, sore, and swoen) from being pinched by parts around the shouder. Bursitis occurs when the bursa a sma fuid-fied sac that heps protect the shouder joint is infamed. Bursitis is sometimes caused by disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis. It is aso caused by paying sports that overuse the shouder or by jobs with frequent overhead reaching. Tendinitis and bursitis may occur aone or at the same time. Treatment for tendinitis and bursitis incudes: Rest Ice Medicines such as aspirin and ibuprofen that reduce pain and sweing Utrasound (gente sound-wave vibrations) to warm deep tissues and improve bood fow Gente stretching and exercises to buid strength Injection of corticosteroid drug if the shouder does not get better Surgery if the shouder does not get better after 6 to 12 months. Rotator Cuff Tear Rotator cuff tendons can become infamed from frequent use or aging. Sometimes they are injured from a fa on an outstretched hand. Sports or jobs with repeated overhead motion can aso damage the rotator cuff. Aging causes tendons to wear down, which can ead to a tear. Some tears are not painfu, but others can be very painfu. Treatment for a torn rotator cuff depends on age, heath, how severe the injury is, and how ong the person has had the torn rotator cuff. Treatment for torn rotator cuff incudes: Rest Heat or cod to the sore area Medicines that reduce pain and sweing Eectrica stimuation of musces and nerves Utrasound Cortisone injection 3
4 What Are Shouder Probems? Fast Facts: An Easy-to-Read Series of Pubications for the Pubic Exercise to improve range-of-motion, strength, and function Surgery if the tear does not improve with other treatments. Frozen Shouder Movement of the shouder is very restricted in peope with a frozen shouder. Causes of frozen shouder are: Lack of use due to chronic pain. Rheumatic disease that is getting worse. Bands of tissue that grow in the joint and restrict motion. Lack of the fuid that heps the shouder joint move. Treatment for frozen shouder incudes: Medicines to reduce pain and sweing Heat Gente stretching exercise Eectrica stimuation of musces and nerves Cortisone injection Surgery if the shouder does not improve with other treatments. Fracture A fracture is a crack through part or a of a bone. In the shouder, a fracture usuay invoves the coarbone or upper arm bone. Fractures are often caused by a fa or bow to the shouder. Treatment for a fracture may incude: A doctor putting the bones into a position that wi promote heaing. A sing or other device to keep the bones in pace. After the bone heas, exercise to strengthen the shouder and restore movement. Surgery. Arthritis of the Shouder Arthritis can be one of two types: Osteoarthritis a disease caused by wear and tear of the cartiage. Rheumatoid arthritis an autoimmune disease causing one or more joints to become infamed. Osteoarthritis of the shouder is often treated with nonsteroida anti-infammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin and ibuprofen. Peope with rheumatoid arthritis may need physica therapy and medicine such as corticosteroids. If these treatments for arthritis of the shouder don t reieve pain or improve function, surgery may be needed. 4
5 What Are Shouder Probems? Fast Facts: An Easy-to-Read Series of Pubications for the Pubic What Research Is Being Done on Shouder Probems? Scientists are studying shouder probems to find ways to: Improve surgery. Improve function and reduce pain. Correct movement patterns that cause shouder pain in some peope with spina cord damage. Deveop new medicines that hep musces and tendons hea. Prevent and treat rotator cuff tears. For More Information About Shouder Probems and Other Reated Conditions: Nationa Institute of Arthritis and Muscuoskeeta and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) Information Cearinghouse Nationa Institutes of Heath 1 AMS Circe Bethesda, MD Phone: To free: NIAMS ( ) TTY: Fax: Emai: NIAMSinfo@mai.nih.gov Web site: The information in this pubication was summarized in easy-to-read format from information in a more detaied NIAMS pubication. To order the Shouder Probems Q&A fu-text version, pease contact NIAMS using the contact information above. To view the compete text or to order onine, visit For Your Information This fact sheet may contain information about medications used to treat the heath condition discussed here. When this fact sheet was printed, we incuded the most up-to-date (accurate) information avaiabe. Occasionay, new information on medication is reeased. For updates and for any questions about any medications you are taking, pease contact the U.S. Food and Drug Administration at 888 INFO FDA (to free: ) or visit its Web site at 5
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