SKELETAL SYSTEM- JOINTS

Transcription

1 Bell Work Write the new standard, underlined portions only necessary. Then write down the following terms: Synarthroses-immoveable joint connected by tough fibrous connective tissue. Amphiarthroses-partially moveable joints with cartilage between their articular surfaces. Diarthroses-moveable joints consisting of articular cartilage, a bursa, and a synovial cavity.

2 SKELETAL SYSTEM- JOINTS

3 Standard 12) Explain the structure and function of joints in the body by distinguishing among the three classifications (synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis). Detail the bones involved in each joint, supply examples, and summarize the methods by which joints assist in movement. In addition, be able to locate and describe joint-related structures such as tendons, ligaments, bursae, and cartilage. Summarize what happens to joints when cartilage erodes.

4 Objectives Distinguish the three classifications of joints and examples of each. Identify joint structures and explore their functions through a Range of Motion activity. Explore possible problems and treatments related to the joints.

5 Joint structures Tendons: Cords of fibrous connective tissue, like bungee cords, connecting muscle to bone. Ligaments: tough, whitish bands that connect from bone to bone and can withstand heavy stress. Cartilage: Acts as cushion between bones; articular cartilage located on ends of bones and acts as shock absorber, preventing ends from grinding together when you move.

6 Joint structures Bursae-thin, lubricated cushions located at points of friction between a bone and the surrounding soft tissue, such as skin, muscles, ligaments and tendons; like a tiny water balloon with only a few drops of fluid in it, wedged between two surfaces. Synovial cavity(synovial joints)- allow for movement. Where the bones meet to form a synovial joint, the bones' surfaces are covered with a thin layer of strong, smooth articular cartilage. A very thin layer of slippery, viscous joint fluid, called synovial fluid, separates and lubricates the two cartilagecovered bone surfaces.

7 Moveable Bone Joints -Saddle -Ball and Socket -Pivot -Hinge -Ellipsoidal -Gliding

8 MRI of the knee joint

9 MRI and X-Ray of the elbow joint

10 The hip joint on x-ray

11 Immoveable Joints A fixed joint between bones connected by fibrous tissue (for example, the sutures of the skull). At what time did these bones need to be able to move?

12 Cranial joints over time

13 Cartilaginous Joint: the joint space is covered in dense connective tissue In males this may shift slightly at times. In females this joint is vital to provide room during vaginal childbirth.

14 ARTHRITIS: ARTHR/O=JOINT ITIS=INFLAMMATION Signs and symptoms may include: Pain, Stiffness, Swelling, Redness, and Decreased range of motion Osteoarthritis OSTEO=BONE The most common type, wear-and-tear damage to your joint's cartilage the hard, slick coating on the ends of bones. Enough damage can result in bone grinding directly on bone, which causes pain and restricted movement. Rheumatoid arthritis The body's immune system attacks the lining of the joint capsule, a tough membrane that encloses all the joint parts. This lining, known as the synovial membrane, becomes inflamed and swollen. The disease process can eventually destroy cartilage and bone within the joint.

15 Compare the types: Treatments Analgesics (pain meds) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) Counterirritants (menthol type creams) Corticosteroids (suppresses immune system) Physical Therapy Surgery

16 OSTEOPOROSIS Oste/o=bone por/ous= pores in the bone osis=process/condition causes bones to become weak and brittle so brittle that a fall or even mild stresses like bending over or coughing can cause a fracture. Your bones are in a constant state of renewal new bone is made and old bone is broken down. When you're young, your body makes new bone faster than it breaks down old bone and your bone mass increases. Most people reach their peak bone mass by their early 20s. As people age, bone mass is lost faster than it's created.

17 OSTEOPOROSIS TREATMENT Bisphosphonates (increases bone density) Drugs that promote bone growth Hormone-related therapy (estrogen especially in women after menopause) Increase of vitamins, calcium Vertebroplasty or Kyphoplasty (process of injected bone cement into the vertebral bodies to increase height, also this reduces pain from the bone grinding together. (This procedure can be done in surgery or better yet Interventional Radiology)!!!! A FRACTURE IN THE SPINAL COLUNN IS CALLED A COMPRESSION FRACTURE

18 Activity with a partner Go to class website and choose the Range of Motion (ROM) Activity Make sure to define ALL of the terms including: The FOUR main types, and The SIXTEEN movements Then practice directing and assisting these movements with a partner.

19 Directed Reading Activity In your group of three choose one of the following directed reading from the website: Care Considerations with Patients with Spinal Cord Injuries Total Knee Replacement and Imaging Computed Tomography of Facial Fractures Each person in your group will choose a different directed reading. You may not do the same one. After you answer the questions, then go to the Extended Learning Assignments tab on the class website. Complete the task for the corresponding professional journal.

20 Additional Activity Meet Me at the Joint Worksheet Complete with a partner