By: Zenessa Morrison and Denise Bailey

Transcription

1 By: Zenessa Morrison and Denise Bailey

2 Shingles which is also known as Herpes Zoster is a painful skin rash caused by the Varicella virus. The Varicella virus belongs to the herpesviridae family. The structure of these viruses are relatively large, double stranded, linear DNA genome with a capsid which is wrapped in a lipid bilayer called the envelope(black, 277). Most people who contract shingles are older or have a weaker immune system. Stress and certain medications are 2 contributors to the causes of shingles. in herpes infected cells, the viral DNA can show as a provirus which makes it latent (The ability to remain in host cells for long periods of time). That explains why years later, someone can come down with shingles after already recovering from chickenpox. (Black, 282)

3 A painful rash that develops on one side of the face or body. The rash forms blisters that typically scab over in 7-10 days and clears up within 2-4 weeks. Other symptoms include fever, headache, chills, upset stomach, and drowsiness.(cdc, 2014) -Shingles can also affect the eye and cause loss of vision (CDC, 2014)

4 Chickenpox, which is also known as Varicella is a highly contagious skin disease mostly occurring in children. This virus first enters the upper respiratory tract and replicate several more times as they are carried in the blood to various tissues. Like Shingles, just after 2 weeks of being exposed; small fluid-filled lesions also appear spreading throughout the body starting with the scalp working their way towards the face and limbs. These lesions are very important because they are likely to lead to a secondary infection such as Staphylococcus Aureus. Chickenpox can be fatal in some cases because this virus invades and damages the cells that line small blood vessels. (Black, 583)

5 The most common symptoms of chickenpox include headache, fever, coughing, fussiness, malaise, rash, and a loss of appetite. The rash usually starts as an itchy macular lesion (also known as a red spot) and appears on the head first. Then makes its way towards the chest, back, and rest of the body. In children, this rash is usually the first sign of disease(cdc, 2014).

6 Shingles -postherpetic neuralgia is the most common side effect. It is pain that persists in the area where the rash once was. -ophthalmic involvement of chronic ocular sequelae, which is a bacterial superinfection of the lesions usually due to staphylococcus aureus and less commonly group a beta hemolytic streptococcus, cranial nerve and peripheral nerve palsies and visceral involvement. Such as hepatitis and acute retinal necrosis.(mosby s, 735) Chickenpox -bacterial infections of the skin and soft tissues in children. -pneumonia in adults. -severe complications include septicemia, toxic shock syndrome, bacterial pneumonia, and septic arthritis.(cdc, 2014)

7 -Treatment with antivirals is not routinely recommended for otherwise healthy children with varicella. (CDC, 2014) -Treatment with oral acyclovir should be considered for people at risk for moderate to severe diseases. (Black, 631)) -Intravenous acyclovir is recommended for immunocompromised people and people with serious virally mediated complications. (Black, 631) -Several antiviral medications - acyclovir, valacyclovir and famciclovir are available to treat shingles. The antivirals will help shorten the length and severity of the illness. -analgesics may help to relieve the pain caused by shingles(cdc, 2014) -Wet compresses, calamine lotion, and oatmeal baths may help relieve some of itching. (Mosby s, 735)

8 Varicella Vaccine chickenpox): *Children who have never had chickenpox should get 2 doses of chickenpox vaccine: -1st dose between 12 and 15 months of age -2nd dose 4 to 6 yrs of age (may be given sooner if at least 90 days after first dose. *People 13 years of age and older and never had chickenpox or the vaccine should receive two doses at least 28 days apart. -Before this vaccine there were about 11,000 people hospitalized for chicken poxs each year in the us and 100 of those people died each year from complications of the disease.(cdc, 2014) Zoster Vaccine(Shingles): *was first licensed in 2006 and it reduced the risk of shingles by 50%. It can also reduce pain in people who still get shingles after being vaccinated.(cdc, 2014) -A single dose of the vaccine is recommended for adults over the age of 50. -Those that should not get vaccine are people who've had life threatening reactions to gelatin the antibiotic neomycin, or any other component of the vaccine.(cdc, 2014)

9 - Infection with wild-type VZV occurring in a vaccinated person more than 42 days after varicella vaccination.(cdc, 2014) - People usually are afebrile or have low fever and develop fewer than 50 skin lesions (CDC, 2014) - It is usually a shorter illness compared to unvaccinated people who develop varicella.(cdc,2014) - 25%- 30% of individuals who have received 1 dose of vaccine, that have breakthrough varicella have clinical features typical of varicella in unvaccinated individuals.

10 Works Cited Anderson, Kenneth, Lois E. Anderson, and Walter D. Glanze. Mosby's Medical, Nursing, and Allied Health Dictionary: Illustrated in Full Color throughout. St. Louis: Mosby, Print. Black, Jacquelyn G. Microbiology: Principles and Explorations. Hoboken, NJ: J. Wiley & Sons, Print. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 26 Feb Web. 14 Nov < Gross, G., and Hans Wilhelm. Doerr. Herpes Zoster: Recent Aspects of Diagnosis and Control. Basel: Karger, Print. "Immunizations." Immunizations. Web. 14 Nov < "Microbiology Hub." Microbiology Open Content. Web. 14 Nov < Murray, Patrick R., Ken S. Rosenthal, and Michael A. Pfaller. Medical Microbiology. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Saunders, Print. interviews: Ringler, Dr Robert. "Varicella Zoster Virus in Nursing Home." Personal interview. 4 Nov "Shingles and Chickenpox (Personal Experience)." Interview by Denise Bailey. n.d.: n. pag. Print. pictures: "How to Prevent Herpes Zoster (Shingles)." How to Prevent Herpes Zoster (Shingles). Web. 15 Nov < Marshall, Cecelia. Shingles. N.d. So Stressed? Shingles among Stressed College Students Is Not Uncommon. Web. 17 Nov < N.d. Chicken Pox Vaccine Info, Risk And Dangers How To Cure Chicken Pox - The #1 Resource For Chicken Pox Remedies & Chicken Pox Treatments. Web. 17 Nov < fastchickenpoxcure.com/blog/chicken-pox-vaccine-info-risk-and-dangers/>. N.d. Web. 17 Nov < Video: Chickenpox Medical Course. Perf. Dr. Travis Stork. Youtube.com. N.p., 29 Dec Web. 17 Nov <