School Nursing and Health. Standard Precautions. (aka Universal Precautions)

Transcription

1 School Nursing and Health Standard Precautions (aka Universal Precautions) August

2 Standard Precautions Occupational Safety and Health Administration Federal Law 29 CFR bloodborne Pathogens (g)(2)(i) Employers shall ensure all employees with possible exposure complete a training provided at no cost and during work hours annually 1)Employees must have the opportunity for interactive questions and answers with a trainer 2)A site specific Exposure Control Plan training must be reviewed 2

3 Course requirements This training program does not relieve your employer from providing you with A copy of the Federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration law: 29 CFR Blood borne Pathogens (g)(2)(i) Link to regulation: ocument?p_table=standards&p_id=

4 Standard Precaution Objectives After you complete this course you will be able to: 1. define blood borne pathogens (BBP) 2. reduce your risk through the use of Standard Precautions 3. take appropriate steps if exposed to a blood borne pathogen 4

5 Four Ways to Spread Germs Airborne Direct Contact Fecal-Oral Blood Contact 5

6 Airborne Diseases Infection may spread in small particles in the air such as chicken pox Direct Contact Infection may spread by skin to skin contact or contact with other surfaces such as herpes simplex virus 6

7 Fecal Oral Route Frequently shared viruses that can cause gastroenteritis (inflammation of the stomach and small intestine) may include: Hepatitis A Salmonella Shigella E-Coli 7

8 Blood Contact Potentially Infectious Bloodborne Pathogens Blood directly into mouth, eye, cut, or open skin Also transmitted in: Male/Female secretions Fluid containing visible blood Assume in ANY body fluid that can t be identified! 8

9 What is a Bloodborne Pathogen? (BBP) Infections microorganisms present in blood that can cause disease in humans. Most common are Hepatitis B, C and AIDS (HIV) Individuals exposed to bloodborne pathogens are at risk for serious or lifethreatening illnesses. 9

10 What is a Bloodborne Pathogen? (BBP) Good training video on bloodborne pathogens and how diseases are spread: urbnw 10

11 Duties Your Risks 11

12 What is Hepatitis? Hepatitis means inflammation of the liver. Toxins, certain drugs, some diseases, heavy alcohol use, and bacterial and viral infections can all cause hepatitis. Hepatitis is also the name of a family of viral infections. The most common types are Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C. 12

13 What is Hepatitis? Additional information on Hepatitis: Although each can cause similar symptoms, they have different modes of transmission and can affect the liver differently. Some infected people have symptoms like fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, stomach pain, and vomiting. In some cases, people with Hepatitis may not have any symptoms. 13

14 HAV: Hepatitis A virus Spread through oral-fecal route Some infected people may not have symptoms Vaccine preventable 14

15 HBV: Hepatitis B virus Hepatitis B can begin as an acute infection, but in some people, the virus remains in the body, resulting in chronic disease and long-term liver problems Hepatitis B is transmitted through needle sticks, from mother to fetus, and through sexual contact. More contagious than HIV Some infected people may not have symptoms No known cure Vaccine preventable 15

16 HCV: Hepatitis C virus Hepatitis C can begin as an acute infection, but in some people, the virus remains in the body, resulting in chronic disease and long-term liver problems Most common chronic Bloodborne infection Most often spread through infected needles (drugs & tattoos), from mother to fetus, or through sexual contact No known cure No vaccine available 16

17 HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus HIV is a virus that attacks the body s immune system Over time, HIV can destroy so many cells that the body can t fight off infections and disease. When this happens, HIV infection leads to AIDS. Unlike some other viruses, the human body cannot get rid of HIV. That means that once you have HIV, you have it for life. May not have symptoms for years Most often spread through blood, infected needles, from mother to fetus, or through sexual contact No safe and effective cure No vaccine available 17