WARM-UP. 1. Pick-up both worksheets on chair when you walk in 2. Fill in half sheet quotes just guessing what you think goes in the blanks.

Transcription

1 WARM-UP 1. Pick-up both worksheets on chair when you walk in 2. Fill in half sheet quotes just guessing what you think goes in the blanks.

2 THE STUDY OF SOCIOLOGY Unit 1: Sociological Perspective and Methods of Inquiry

3 WHY STUDY SOCIOLOGY? Educating students to better understand themselves and others, to value our heritage, and to appreciate the diversity of the world and its cultures." Sociology provides us with an understanding of how social forces shape individual attitudes and behavior. Sociology shows us how societies are developed and maintained. Sociology introduces us to the sociological imagination, which is the mindset that allows us to see the connection between the individual and society. Sociology helps us to the appreciate the diversity that exists in the human population. Sociology challenges our common sense notions about the social world that we live in. Sociology sharpens our analytical skills. Sociology helps us to understand ourselves and others. Sociology adds value to our lives by empowering us to make well-thought out decisions.

4 WHAT SOCIOLOGY IS LIKE, BUT IS NOT THE SAME AS Psychology- is the systematic study of behavior and mental processes- what occurs in the mind. Psychology focuses a lot on internal factors and emotions while sociology focuses more on the effects of groups, organizations and social institutions on social life. Anthropology- seeks to understand human existence over geographic space and evolutionary time, whereas sociology seeks to understand contemporary social organization, relations and change.

5 WHERE CAN IT LEAD YOU???? Corporate America many sociologists are employed in Human Resources to maintain a positive, organized corporate environment.

6 SOCIAL WORK Hi Mrs. Hoskins!! Many sociologists are employed as social workers in communities and schools. In schools they can help students and families overcome mental, social, physical, and environmental issues. Along with counselors, they are great people to talk to if you are having problems, just FYI.

7 SPORTS Large sports franchises employ sociologists to deal with the following areas: sport subculture and fan base the political economy of sport (marketing) sport and the media, sport, the body and the emotions sports violence sport politics and national identity sport and globalization

8 RESEARCH AND TRAVEL Getting paid to travel, do field work, and gather data.

9 SOCIOLOGY MAJORS have done everything from teaching, to becoming President, to changing the world.

10 WHERE CAN SOCIOLOGISTS RESEARCH BE USED?

11 Many of us rely on intuition or commonsense gained from personal experience to help us understand our daily lives and other people s behavior. Commonsense knowledge guides ordinary conduct in everyday life. We often rely on common sense to answer key questions about behavior. Why do people behave the way they do? Who makes the rules? Why do some people break rules while others follow? But actually many commonsense notions are myths a popular but false notion that may be used to justify something even though there isn t any evidence to conclude it. Sociologist strive to use scientific standards, not popular myth, in studying society and social interaction. They attempt to discover recurring patterns of behavior and for larger, structural factors that contribute to people s behavior.

12 WHERE DID THIS STUDY EMERGE FROM? Hint: You learned about them in World History & US History Enlightenment Philosophes!!!!! YAYYYY Don t worry I will not make you learn them again even though they CLEARLY are very important people Basically these men paved the way of thinking away from religion, they were willing to question government & human reason. For the most part these men where optimistic about the future, society could be improved through scientific discovery. They wanted to spread democracy and destroy the aristocracy and absolute monarchies. They helped influence the American, French, & Latin American Revolutions.

13 EMERGENCE OF MODERN SOCIOLOGY Was developed in the mid 1800 s- what was happening in the world during that time?? Product of the Industrial Revolution, as well as political, intellectual, and economic upheavals of the 18 th and 19 th centuries. Why? Radical change in social organization (urbanization) gives way to a need to understand why the sudden change in society...this leads to the desire to want to control society this science becomes sociology (originally called Social Physics )

14 AUGUST COMTE ( ) Father of Sociology-he coined the term from the Latin socius meaning social, being with others, and Greek logos meaning study of. Believed we can study the social world, like the natural/ scientific world. Once we understand we can control events Divided study into 2 parts: 1. social structure (social order, stays the same) STATICS 2. social process (changes in society) DYNAMICS

15 COMTE CONTINUED The changes caused by the Industrial revolution, such as people moving from farms to cities, is an example of dynamics or statics? Comte s philosophy became known as positivism - a belief that the world can best be understood through scientific inquiry (meaning they use systematic observation, experimentation, comparison and historical analysis). Comte s positivism has two dimensions: 1) Methodological- the application of scientific knowledge to both physical and social phenomenon 2) Social and political- the use of such knowledge to predict the likely results of different policies so that the best one could be chosen Video

16 HERBERT SPENCER ( ) Influenced by Darwin. (Who s that?) Thought that social change and conflict were just stepping stones on the road to a perfect society. Viewed society as an organism, with separate parts that work together to maintain the system over time. Believed best aspects of society would survive over time became known as Social Darwinism. (Hmm when have I heard this before?) This will serve as the rationalization for racism (to Africans and Indians), capitalism and allowing people to become extremely rich, and not helping the poor.

17 KARL MARX ( ) Repulsed by poverty and inequality. Thought a society s economic system, greatly influenced it s social structure. (Have s vs. Have Not s) Saw conflict as a human-made condition that society fostered to slow or stop social change to oppress the worker. His theory becomes known as Conflict Theory.

18 EMILE DURKEIM ( ) People are the product of their social environment and their limits are socially based not biologically. Concerned with the stability of society felt religion was main thing that held a society together less religion=less order. Says successful society needs balance between regulation and freedom. One of the first to discuss suicide and society talk of suicide was taboo until then.

19 MAX WEBER ( ) Most influential modern thinker. Disagreed with Marx economics not the building block. Unlike other theorists, he was concerned with separate groups rather than society as a whole. Studied without judging sociology concerned with what is, not what should be this is Value Free Sociology. Although he realized that sociologist cannot be totally value free, he stressed that they should employ Verstehen (german for insight) which is the ability to see the world as others see it.

20 WARM-UP True or False 1. The main focus of sociology is the individual. 2. Sociology is an old science dating back to the middle ages. 3. Sociology has a lot in common with other social sciences. 4. This is the theory that follows the tradition of Karl Marx. 5. This person is the founder of Sociology who divided it into two areas of study; social order and social change. Review from yesterday, What is sociology video.

21 SOCIOLOGY IN THE UNITED STATES Reform approach (US) vs. radical (Europe) in other words only reform what needs to change, don t radically overhaul all of society. Slavery, Civil War, and Immigration sparked interest in study of Sociology in the United States. The first department of sociology in the US was established at the University of Chicago in 1892.

22 JANE ADDAMS ( ) Considered to be the founding mother of Sociology in the US. She Founded Hull House which pushed for social reform programs in Chicago. Hull House (named for the home's first owner) opened its doors to recently arrived European immigrants. Hull House became, at its inception in 1889, "a community of university women" whose main purpose was to provide social and educational opportunities for working class people (many of them recent European immigrants) in the surrounding neighborhood. The "residents" (volunteers at Hull were given this title) held classes in literature, history, art, domestic activities (such as sewing), and many other subjects. Hull House also held concerts that were free to everyone, offered free lectures on current issues, and operated clubs for both children and adults. It was a mix of various ethnic groups that had immigrated to Chicago. There was no discrimination of race, language, creed, or tradition for those who entered the doors of the Hull House. Every person was treated with respect.

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25 W.E.B DU BOIS ( ) The second department of Sociology in the US was founded by W.E.B. Du Bois at Atlanta University. He was one of the first African Americans to earn a doctorate degree. Du Bois was one of the first scholars to note that a dual heritage creates conflict for people of color. He called this duality- double consciousness- the identity conflict of being a black and an American. He pointed out that although people in this country value democracy, freedom, and equality that also accept racism and group discrimination. He is also one of the cofounders of the NAACP in 1909.

26 THE SOCIOLOGICAL IMAGINATION Seeing the connection between your personal world and the world around you. Theory of C.Wright-Mills says social problems require changing social structure, NOT just personal therapy. Seeing personal issues, such as divorce, poverty, etc in a larger social context. In other words, some of what we experience is beyond our individual control. Example poverty=lack of education (individual) AND lack of opportunity/jobs (society)

27 Tea Drinking and Sociological Imagination Virtually any behavior can have sociological imagination applied to it. An example of the application of the sociological imagination is the drinking of tea. The perception of drinking tea can be examined from several different perspectives rather than just the simple act of drinking tea. For example, It can be seen as a means of maintaining good health in the way that one might take daily vitamins, because the benefits of tea have been touted by health researchers. It could be considered a tradition or ritual as many people choose to drink tea ritualistically each day at a certain time. It could be considered a type of drug because it contains caffeine, and therefore the drinker of the tea may have a type of an addiction. It can be seen from the perspective of being a social activity such as meeting for tea, an activity that actually focuses less on the beverage and more on the actual activity of meeting with another person.

28 When, in a city of 100,000, only one man is unemployed, that is his personal trouble and for its relief we look at the character of the man his skills, opportunity that he has missed, and what he has done wrong. But when in a nation of 50 million employees, 15 million men are unemployed, that is a social issue, and we will not find its solution within the range of opportunities open to any one individual. Then, societies structure of opportunities has collapsed and it is the issue of society not the problem of the individual. C. Wright Mills. Do you agree or disagree???

29 LOOK AT THE FOLLOWING PICTURES AND EXPLAIN USING SOCIOLOGICAL IMAGINATION.

30 Fault/Problem of individual because? Fault/ Problem of society because?

31 Fault/Problem of individual because? Fault/ Problem of society because?

32 Fault/Problem of individual because? Fault/ Problem of society because?

33 Fault/Problem of individual because? Fault/ Problem of society because?

34 EVERYTHING THAT HAPPENS TO PEOPLE IS NOT PRIVATE PEOPLE ARE SHAPED BY FORCES THEY DON T EVEN SEE. Fault/Problem of individual because? Fault/ Problem of society because?

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36 Macrosociology= looking at large groups or parts of society. (Ex: study of female college graduates in Europe or a big issue like crime) Microsociolgy (Weber)= looking at smaller groups or parts of society. (Ex: study of a group of female high school students at SHS or a small issue like family relationships).

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38 BODY BIOS ON THEORISTS 1. Legs- Foundations with which they stand on- What happened in their childhoods /life that shaped their thinking. 2. Arms- Things they want the world to know or practice. 3. Tshirt- 1 word that describes what they care about most. 4. Head- what thoughts or questions would you find going through their brain 5. Mouth- slogan they would campaign with 6. Hand- what would you find in their hands if you ran into them on a daily basis (what kind of things would they be working on, always carrying etc.)