National Fleet Driver Trainers Conference

Transcription

1 Headline Sponsors National Fleet Driver Trainers Conference ---- Dr. Fiona Fylan Director Brainbox Research Ltd

2 Behavioural interventions Dr Fiona Fylan Reader in Psychology, Leeds Met University Brainbox Research

3 What is a behavioural intervention? What s wrong with E? Selecting techniques Generating new knowledge

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6 What s wrong with E?

7 Education works, doesn t it? Tends to produce a short-term change in attitudes, sometimes with evidence of some long-term residual effect. That s good, isn t it?

8 Educating people about what? Risk! It makes intuitive sense, and models of health-related behaviour emphasise risk perception as a predictor. It can be effective for some people.

9 Risk perception and driving McKenna and Horswill (2006) suggest that risk is not an important predictor for driving behaviour: Worry about being in an accident had the lowest predictive power in regressions onto driving violations and speed choice. Legal constraints (would drive faster if no speed limits / unlikely to be caught) and the economics (reduce fuel costs and wear and tear to the car) were the best predictors.

10 Does behaviour affect risk perception? Atchley et al. (2011) looked at texting in young adult drivers. Despite reporting that texting is risky, and more so than talking on a mobile phone: 70% reported sending a text; 81% reported replying to a text; 92% reported reading a text. Risk perception was a very weak predictor of sending a text. Choosing to send a text predicted perceptions of road conditions (not vice versa). Perhaps a lack of consequences results in reduced risk perception: nothing happened so it must have been safe.

11 Behavioural Change Techniques Substantial research around predicting behaviour. Limited evidence base around changing behaviour. Health psychologists recognised a need for a common language of behaviour change: the taxonomy of behaviour change techniques (Abraham and Michie, 2008). Fylan developed these for driving.

12 27 techniques Information Risks Consequences Others approval Teaching Instruction Demonstrating Feedback on performance Planning Forming specific intentions Setting goals Identifying barriers

13 27 techniques Agreeing Practising Signing a behavioural contract New way of driving Supporting Observing others Social support Self-talk Implementing General encouragement Setting graded tasks Follow-up

14 27 techniques Monitoring Keeping a record Using cues Reviewing goals Managing Time management Stress management Self-motivation Feeling good Rewards Role model Relapse prevention

15 Which BCTs are used? 1. Presentations by road safety professionals to secondary schools. 2. Crime scene investigation resource. 3. DVD resource. 4. Workshop on driving risks. 5. Presentations by accident survivors.

16 1. Presentations by road safety professionals Information on risks Information on consequences Instruction General encouragement

17 2. Crime scene investigation Information on risks Information on consequences Identifying others barriers

18 3. DVD case study resource Information on risks Information on consequences Instruction Identifying others barriers General encouragement

19 4. Workshop on driving risks Information on risks Information on consequences Instruction Role model General encouragement

20 5. Presentations by accident survivors Information on risks Information on consequences Identifying others barriers Cues Role model General encouragement

21 What can we conclude? A small subset of BCTs are used. Often very large changes in attitudes and intentions but they tend to be short-term. Interventions based solely on increasing perceptions of risk are unlikely to be effective. To achieve more long-lasting change it s important to address a wider range of behavioural change techniques, such as those around planning, supporting and rewarding change.

22 Selecting techniques

23 Speeding Dozy I didn t know I was Sleepy I m not the problem Grumpy I can handle it Happy I love taking risks

24 Which techniques? Instruction Demonstrating Providing feedback Forming intentions Practising Identifying barriers Role model Using cues Information on risks, consequences and others approval Time management Stress management Self motivation Observing others Relapse prevention Dozy Grumpy

25 A process for developing behavioural interventions Identify the problem. Identify the target behaviour. Review the evidence base. Develop the intervention using behavioural change techniques. Pilot. Refine. Evaluate. Review.

26 Generating new knowledge

27 Thank you Dr Fiona Fylan, Leeds Met University & Brainbox Research, ,