Analysis of Evolution and Research Focus in Chinese Psychiatry Field

Transcription

1 2016 International Conference on Computational Modeling, Simulation and Applied Mathematics (CMSAM 2016) ISBN: Analysis of Evolution and Research Focus in Chinese Psychiatry Field Ying WU 1, Chao LONG 2 and Zhi-guang DUAN 1,* 1 School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Shanxi Medical University. No. 56, South Xinjian Road, Taiyuan, China 2 School of Medicine, Stanford University. 900 Quarry Road Extension, Stanford, CA, USA *Corresponding author Keywords: Chinese psychiatry, Evolution, Research focus, Visualization. Abstract. While a large number of representative scientists devoted in the field of psychiatry, their scientific research productions came into being. We selected all related 982 documents from Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-Expanded) in Web of Science during from 1983 to 2012 and utilized the information visualization software (CiteSpace Ⅲ) to conduct co-citation and hierarchal clustering analysis to mapping knowledge domain of development and evolution. From the evolution in Chinese psychiatry field, there were divided into two stages. Through hierarchal clustering analysis, the research foci in Chinese psychiatry field were mainly mental health service, diagnostic criteria of mental disorder and psychopathology and neuropathology of mental disorder, ect. Based on the results, the evolution and research foci in Chinese psychiatry field not only help researchers find the research direction and the gap with the world, but also offer reasonable suggestions as the basis of making polices to guide psychiatry research and provide scientific evidences on preventing and curing mental disorder effectively. Introduction Nowadays, there have already more than 4.5 billion mental disease patients in the world [1]. With the development of economy and the increasing of social competitive pressure, the number of mental disease patients in China is growing up dramatically and the burden of disease for mental disease is in the first which have already surpassed cardiovascular disease, respiratory system disease and malignant tumor [2]. As China already has got more than 100 million mental disorder patients ( people.com.cn/gb/ html), this troubling figure has been paid more attention by government and brought a rigorous challenge for Chinese psychiatry researchers to prevent and control mental With the development of biomedicine, psychiatry has made great achievements in not only advanced methodology but also clinical application, while a large number of representative scientists devoted in the field of psychiatry and their scientific research productions came into being. This study will use visualization analysis to mapping knowledge domain of development and evolution aiming at revealing representative authors and their documents and identifying hot topics in Chinese psychiatry field in order that the numerous researchers found the direction and inadequacy of the research on psychiatry intuitively to prevent and cure mental disorder effectively. Methods The data used in this study were retrieved from the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-Expanded) on the Web of Science. We searched for all types of documents (including articles, reviews, meeting abstracts, and papers) that contained the word psychiatry or mental disease or mental disorder in the title, abstract, or keywords and the country which was The People s Republic of China or Hong Kong or Taiwan or Macao from 1 January 1983 to 31 December We retrieved a

2 total of 982 records with their titles, abstracts, author names, institutions, sources, keywords and references, etc. In this study, we has used visualization software (CiteSpace Ⅲ) based on a JAVA application to conduct co-citation and hierarchal clustering analysis to map knowledge domains and determine the evolution and foci of research in Chinese psychiatry field and CiteSpace was invented by Dr. Chaomei Chen who works in School of Information Science and Technology of Drexel University in USA. Dr. Chaomei Chen who has devoted to the research of methods of information visualization is international authority expert in this field. There were different size and color nodes each of which represented a citing article to construct the whole network. Citation tree-rings represented the citation history of an article. The color of a citation ring denoted the time of corresponding citation. The thickness of a ring was proportional to the number of citation in a give time slicing [3].The purple ring represented the key document which comes up with an important theory and a new concept. Results Analysis of Evolution in Chinese Psychiatry Field Firstly, we used CiteSpaceⅢ to choose corresponding nodes to mapping the network of co-cited articles in Chinese psychiatry field from1983 to 2012 (Figure 1).There were totally 191 nodes and 391 lines. Then, we selected the critical nodes which centralities were more than 0.1(Table 1). Figure 1. Co-citation network of documents( ). From figure 1, the earliest appearance s key document was A rating scale for depression written by Hamilton M in This was famous Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) which was classic and acknowledged depression scale widely used in clinical applications [4]. In 1975, Min-mental state practical method for grading for cognitive state of patients for clinician was written by Folstein, MF. This document provided assessment of grading for cognitive state in schizophrenic patients [5]. In 1987, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders was compiled by American Psychiatric and revised in From above, disorder still was a research direction in the period of time. In 1982, Neurasthenia and Depression-A study of somatization and culture in China was written by Kleinman A. This study analyzed the main influences on depression. In 1988, Logistic-regression, survival analysis.and the Kaplan-meier curve was written by Efron B and this study made statistical analysis on risk factors of mental In 1993, The shatin community mental-health survey in Hong Kong.2 Major finding was written by Chen CN and this study analyzed risk factors to the sex of mental In 2004, Prevalence, Severity, and unmet need for treatment of mental disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys was wrriten by Demyttenaere, K and this study analyzed the severity of the prevalence in

3 mental From the above analysis, the risk factor of mental disorder was another important research direction in Chinese psychiatry field in this period of time. Table 1. Information of main documents ( ). Centrality Document title Journal title Author Publication year 0.38 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders American Psychiatric The shatin community mental-health survey in Hong Kong.2 Major finding Min-mental state practical method for grading for cognitive state of patients for clinician Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Twelve-month prevalence,severity,and unmet need for treatment of mental disorders in metropolitan China Prevalence,severity,and unmet need for treatment of mental disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys Neurasthenia and depression-a study of somatization and cluture in China Logistic-regression,surviv al analysis,and the Kaplan-meier curve Archives of General Psychiatry Journalof Psychiatric research Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Psychological Medicine JAMA-Journal of the American Medical Culture Medicine and Psychiatry Journal of American Statistical Analysis of Research Focus in Chinese Psychiatry Field Chen CN 1993 Folstein MF 1975 American Psychiatric 1994 Shen, YC 2006 Demyttenaere K 2004 Kleinman A 1982 Efron, B 1981 In order to further detect the research focus in psychiatry field, We mappinged hierarchal clustering network of co-cited document (Figure 2) and we gained 14 sub-networks (Table 2).We selected Term frequency-inverse document frequency (TFIDF) and extracted the terms to identify each cluster. According to the cluster term and research direction, we induced 5 research hotspots. Figure 2. Research focus in Chinese psychiatry field ( ). The first research hotspot was schizophrenia in sub-network 0. The representative document in this sub-network was Awareness of illness in schizophrenia and schizoaffective and mood disorders

4 written by Amador XF in 1994.This study described that the related symptoms and its risk factors of schizophrenia [6]. Subnetwork Number of document Table 2. Information of clustering sub-network ( ). Representative document Awareness of illness in schizophrenia and schizoaffective and mood disorders The contribution of alpha(2)-noradrenerigic mechanisms to prefrontal cortical cognitive function Potential significance for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Evolution of mental health program in Taiwan The choice of career of consultant psychiatrists Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM--R in psychiatric disorders in the united-states-results from the national-comorbidity-survey Cluster top term Han alpha-1 adrenergic agonist forensic psychiatry medical-stud ent interest schizophreni a politicising psychiatry 6 7 A rating scale for depression ementia Longitudinal study of earthquake-related PTSD in a randomly selected community sample in North China The World Mental Health (WMH)Survey initiative version of the World Health Organization(WHO)Composite International Diagnostic Interview(CIDI) Language-cultural course for foreign psychiatric-resident Direct observation studies of hyperactive behaviors davidson trauma scale risk factor advantage attendance Research focus Schizophrenia Child and adolescent psychiatry Schizophrenia 11 4 Mental-health-care in China right The Chinese version of the general health questionnaire-does language make a difference First isolates of infectious human Borna disease virus from patients with mood disorders overview mental health worker Mental illness associated with symptoms The second research hotspot was child and adolescent mental disorder in sub-network1 and 10. The representative documents were The contribution of alpha(2)-noradrenerigic mechanisms to prefrontal cortical cognitive function Potential significance for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder written by Arnsten AFT in 1996 [7] and Direct observation studies of hyperactive behaviors written by Luk, SL in These two papers indicated the relationship between ADHD and norepinephrine. The third research hotspot was mental health service in sub-network 2,3,7,9 and 11. The representative documents were Evolution of mental health program in Taiwan written by Lin TY in 1961 [8], The choice of career of consultant psychiatrists written by Brook P in 1981, Longitudinal

5 study of earthquake-related PTSD in a randomly selected community sample in North China written by Wang XD in 2000, Mental-health-care in China written by Achtenberg H in 1983 and The Chinese version of the general health questionnaire-does language make a difference written by Chan DW in These papers mainly described the system of mental health service. The forth research hotspot was classification and diagnosis of mental disorder in sub-network 4, 5, 6 and 8. The representative documents were Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM--R in psychiatric disorders in the united-states-results from the national-comorbidity-survey written by Kessler RC in 1994 [9], A rating scale for depression written by Hamiliton, M in 1960 and The World Mental Health (WMH) Survey initiative version of the World Health Organization(WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview(CIDI) written by Kessler RC in 2004.These papers created a set of standards for many kinds of mental The fifth research hotspot was neurological biochemistry in sub-network 13. The representative document was First isolates of infectious human Borna disease virus from patients with mood disorders written by Bode L in 1996 [10].This study described the susceptibility of the virus. Discussions From mapping knowledge domain, we induced approximately two stages in the process of evolution in Chinese psychiatry field. The 1980s to 1990s was the first stage of research on the scale of mental The initial period of the 21st century was the second stage of research on the symptomatology of mental In the 1980s, the great advances have been made from various aspects in Chinese psychiatry field, but there still has a gap with developed countries. For example, molecular genetics should be one of the in psychiatry field in the world nowadays, but be weakness relatively in China. With being in a developmental stage of technology rapidly and research of mental disorder being mature increasingly from multidisciplinary perspectives, the application of molecular genetics of new technology will be new trends in etiology, pathology, diagnosis and treatment of mental Additionally, we also found more research of mental health service system in China because of a close relationship with standardization and regularization. In recent year, with the increasing invest of mental health service, deepening the reform of health, standarding work procedures, refining treatment, expanding training, emphasizing the concept of rehabilitation and treatment and treating the social function rehabilitation of the patients as the core, we will increase the awareness of mental disorder for the whole society, attract more attention to mental health and make more patients return home and society. So, we should devote a great deal of manpower, material and financial resource to strengthen the research. In a word, the internationalization level of Chinese psychiatry is in the stage of development and the institutions and authors level of research need to be improved, but with the biopsychosocial opinion, high level of modern medical theory and new technical application to prevent, diagnose and treat mental disorder, there will be splendid achievements in psychiatry in the 21st century. Acknowledgement The research reported in this paper is done as part of the The Theoretical and Empirical Study of S&D Collaboration Characterized by Collaboration Prediction-Based on the Data in Biomedical Fields (No ) and Analysis on Scientific Collaboration and Trends Prediction of Research Fronts in Psychiatry Field (No ), which both are supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China. References [1] Geng L. Mental health human resource status and development. Chinese Hospitals 2007; 11(3):37-40.

6 [2] Shu L. Guide to prevention and treatment of schizophrenia in China.BeiJing: Peking University Medical Press, [3] Liu ZY, Chen Y, Hou HY, et, al. Mapping Knowledge Domains Methods and Application. BeiJing: People s Publishing House, [4] Hamilton M. A rating scale for depression. J Neurol Neurosur Ps, 1960, 23(1): [5] Folstein MF, Folstein SE, Mchugh PR. Min-mental state practical method for grading for cognitive state of patients for clinician. J Psychiatr Res, 1975, 12(3): [6] Amador XF, Flaum M, Andreasen NC, Strauss DH, Yale SA, Clark SC, et al. Awareness of illness in schizophrenia and schizoaffective and mood disorders. Arch Gen psychiat, 1994, 51(10): [7] Arnsten AFT, Steere JC, Hunt RD. The contribution of alpha (2)-noradrenerigic mechanisms to prefrontal cortical cognitive function Potential significance for attention deficit hyperactivity Arch Gen psychiat, 1996, 53(5): [8] Lin TY. Evolution of mental health program in Taiwan. Am J Psychiat, 1961, 117(11) 961-&. Brook P.The choice of career of consultant psychiatrists. Brit J Psychiat, 1981, 138(APR): [9] Chan DW. The Chinese version of the general health questionnaire-does language make a difference. Psychol Med, 1985, 15(1): [10] Bode L, Durrwald R, Rantam FA, Ferszt R, Ludwing H.First isolates of infectious human Borna disease virus from patients with mood disorders. Mol Psychiatr, 1996, 1(3):