COMMUNICATION SKILLS AND DISPENSING

Transcription

1 DIVISION OF VISION SCIENCES SESSION: 2008/2009 DIET 1ST COMMUNICATION SKILLS AND DISPENSING VISP359 LEVEL: 3 B.S.c./B.Sc. (HONS) OPTOMETRY MODULE LEADER: DR M DAY JANUARY 2009 DURATION: 2 HOURS CANDIDATES SHOULD ATTEMPT FOUR QUESTIONS ONLY PLEASE READ THE QUESTIONS CAREFULLY Students for whom English is not their first language are permitted to use a Standard English/Foreign Language dictionary, e.g. French/English/English/French. Please ensure that the dictionary does not contain any notes or other materials and note that electronic dictionaries are not permissible MATERIALS TO BE SUPPLIED/ALLOWED: Question Paper (Supplied) } Lined Examination Script (Supplied) } Calculator (Allowed) } Page 1 of 7

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3 1. a) Unfortunately, patients frequently fail to understand medical information and advice provided by healthcare professionals. Describe how optometrists can communicate information and advice most effectively to their patients. Your answer should include common reasons for patients failing to comprehend the advice given. (10) b) Mrs Miggins collected her re-glazed reading spectacles a week ago. She has returned today complaining angrily that the new glasses are hopeless. She insists that her vision is much poorer with the new prescription than with her previous lenses. Describe how you would go about investigating Mrs Miggins symptoms. Comment on your initial hypotheses. (10) 2. a) i ) What is task analysis? (3) i Why might the optometrist consider using the task analysis approach in his/her practice? (3) Consider changing a light bulb. Using the task analysis approach describe how this task might be undertaken. (4) b) The coefficient of repeatability is a measure of the variability of test scores within a population. Explain the determination and use of the coefficient of repeatability. (5) c) Mr Mann attends your practice complaining of reduced vision. His visual acuity today is logmar. Over the last 6 visits you have recorded the logmar visual acuity as -0.22, -0.18, -0.20, -0.16, -0.20, Has his visual acuity reduced significantly? Explain your answer. (5) Page 3 of 7

4 3. a) What are the advantages of binocular subjective refraction? (5) b) What are the indications for cycloplegic refraction? (5) c) i) Within the context of disease detection, explain the terms sensitivity and specificity. i Briefly explain how altering the cut-off (pass/fail) criterion of a screening test can affect sensitivity and specificity. (4) A new screening test for Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) has been developed. The following table summarises the results of a pilot study to assess the ability of the test to discriminate those with the disease. Positive result from screening test Negative result from screening test Confirmed diagnosis of POAG POAG absent (patient does not have POAG) A positive result from the screening test suggests that the disease is present and a negative result suggests that the disease is not present. Determine the sensitivity and specificity of the new test. Comment on the utility of the new screening test. (6) Page 4 of 7

5 4. a) A patient comes to your practice looking for a shiny gold metal frame. Briefly describe FOUR ways in which a gold effect can be obtained. (4) b) i) Sketch a section through a half joint which has been heat inserted into a plastics frame. (1) If such a half joint comes out of a cellulose acetate frame, briefly describe how you would replace it in your practice. If you wish to use specialised equipment for the job (ie a single-purpose tool), you must sketch it. (2) c) A green patient is looking for a frame made principally from natural materials. Name one such material and indicate ONE problem with it as a spectacle frame material. (2) d) i) A patient presents with a spectacle frame for reglazing. It is made from quite thin, transparent plastic which has a coloured surface. It also has a short metal side reinforcement. From which plastic do you think it is most likely to be made? (1) i When the frame is heated to be glazed or adjusted, how does the behaviour of this material differ from other current frame materials? (2) The material is usually coated with a thin layer of lacquer. Which type of plastic makes up the lacquer which is used? (1) iv) Which material is the metal reinforcement usually made from? (1) e) A patient has put her metal framed reading spectacles on a wooden bench, then put her heavy shopping bag on top them. All parts have been badly bent, but she has pleaded with you to straighten them out and you have agreed to try, as they are no use to her in their present state. Miraculously, the DS 1.9 index glass lenses have not broken! The frame has rocking pads on arms. Explain the steps you would take in the order you would take to return the frame to its original state of adjustment AND the techniques and/or tools you would use at each stage. (6) Page 5 of 7

6 5. a) i) A sales representative is trying to convince you to buy a new range of sunglasses. His literature proudly announces that Transmittance in the ultra-violet is 0%. What are the TWO pieces of information most obviously missing from this statement? (2) The literature also state that the frame is made from an almost indestructible polyamide made by DuPont. What is the generic name most frequently used for such materials? (1) b) i) Name a common activity in which the human eye might be exposed to UVC radiation. (1) Briefly describe the optical system of the eye-protector of choice (not the cheapest) for this activity (1) c) Briefly explain why might it be safer to give a solid tint rather than a surface tint in some industrial situations. (1) d) Briefly explain one problem which occurs with solid tints when compared to surface tints when used in prescription spectacles for everyday use. (1) e) Briefly explain why laminated spectacle lenses are no longer used as safety lenses in the UK. (1) f) A patient with a low prescription is looking for a pair of tinted spectacles that can be used for driving. They have heard from a friend that polarising lenses are very good. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of such lenses when used for driving. (4) g) i) What is meant by the term contrast filter? (1) Briefly describe one common activity in which you should advise patients against the use of some contrast filters. You must describe the type of contrast filter to which you are referring and give TWO reasons for such advice. (3) h) A patient wishes to purchase some tinted spectacles to help them to play tennis. Briefly discuss the quality and sources of the evidence for the use of such tints. (2) i) Name one sport for which there is a British Standard for safety eyewear AND explain why this standard was produced several years ago when so many sports have none yet. (2) END OF PAPER Page 6 of 7

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