Direct Observation Questions

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4 Direct Observation Questions 1. How many airplanes were in the picture? 2. What number was at the top of the dart board? 3. What time did the clock say? 4. What denomination was the money? 5. What color was the boy s hair who was holding the globe? 6. What color was the fingernail polish? 7. What color was the baseball player s shirt? 8. How many matches were still in the book? 9. What number was on the side of the car? 10. What toy (not a ball) was touching the football? 11. Name three of the four colors on the dartboard.

5 Observations Direct Observations Those observations we make ourselves Five ways to make direct observations i.e. Measurements using a ruler i.e. Amount of snow that fell Indirect Observations Those observations that we infer or make from far away Depth of the ocean Distance to stars

6 Observing Milk Consumption The cafeteria is considering getting rid of milk at lunch. Before they do, they need to know how many students drink milk each day. List as many ways as you can to find out how many students drink milk each day.

7 Comparing Observations Observation Time Cost Accuracy Direct Lots Expensive High Indirect Little Cheap Low

8 Observations and Questions 1. Understand the problem. 2. Observe and ask questions. 3. Develop a hypothesis (tentative explanation of the problem) 4. Give evidence for your hypothesis. 5. If hypothesis is not correct, go back to #1

9 Observations and Questions A woman gets ready for bed one evening. She changes and turns out the light. She goes to sleep. When she wakes in the morning, she looks outside. She promptly jumps out the window and kills herself. Why?

10 Observations and Questions A man lives on the 94 th floor of a tall apartment building. Every day the man rides the elevator all the way to the ground floor to go to work. On rainy days the man rides the elevator back home. On sunny days the man only rides to the 44 th floor and then walks up the steps for the remaining 50 floors. Explain this behavior.

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12 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ½ 1 1½ 2 2½ 3 3½ 4 4½ 0.25 ½ 2/3 ¾ Apple Orange Tangerine Broccoli Banana Tomato Grapefruit Pineapple Pear Kiwi Carrot Potato

13 ACDC REM Beach Boys Beastie Boys Jimmy Buffet Dixie Chicks Paula Abdul Quiet Riot Queen Elton John Frank Sinatra KISS Toby Keith Smashing Pumpkins CCR Led Zeplin Tom Petty Kid Rock Run DMC Steve Miller Band Elton John Grateful Dead Kenny Chesney Nirvanna

14 Classification Classification provides scientists a way to sort and group specimens for easier study There is NO right way to classify things Does it make sense Is it effective

15 Classifying Aquatic Ecosystems g&imgrefurl= bnid=z1oqpbakdtq5em:&tbnh=91&tbnw=121&prev=/images%3fq%3dlake%2bnaomi%26 svnum%3d10%26hl%3den%26lr%3d

16 You are provided with a set of 18 aquatic ecosystems 1.Use the keys provided to identify each of those ecosystems 2.Classify those ecosystems into groups using the following rules Must have at least 2 groups Each group must have at least 2 ecosystems No ecosystem can be placed into more than one group 3.Make a poster showing your classification system 4.If you have time, make it pretty

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18 Human Systems

19 Natural Systems System Group of parts working together to complete a function Nature is a system and contains many subsystems. These systems are all interrelated Changes in one of these systems will impact the other systems, and it is possible and necessary to be able to predict how a change to one system will affect another system

20 Natural Systems Closed Systems a system where nothing enters or leaves it is self-contained Open Systems a system that requires resources to enter the system or waste to leave the system Input something going into a system Output something leaving a system

21 The Earth, in terms of matter, is a closed system

22 Natural Systems Humans clearly disrupt biogeochemical cycles In the absence of humans, are the biogeochemical cycles stable? Change is a part of natural biogeochemical cycles

23 Investigating Cycles Earth s major cycles include the following: Water Carbon Nitrogen Phosphorus Use the information provided to answer the following questions: 1. What elements are involved in each cycle 2. Which of Earth s spheres are involved in each cycle 3. Name three important needs for each element/compound 4. What ultimately powers these cycles 5. In what sphere is each of the elements most common 6. What happens to nutrients when living things die

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26 Sailboat Models

27 Definitions Model - A scientific model is a simplified view of reality that allows us to create explanations of how we think some part of the world works. Scale mathematical relationship between a real-life object and a model of the object

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29 ½ 1 1½ 2 2½ 3 3½ Orange Tangerine Grapefruit Pineapple Kiwi

30 Nature repeats itself in patterns These patterns can be used to make predictions By understanding these patterns we are better able to understand the world we live on

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32 Finding Patterns in Constellations For thousands of years, humans have found patterns in the stars. These patterns, while not based on anything more than our own perspective from here on Earth, help us find our way around the sky, predict seasons, and navigate. Many times, these constellations were based on the myths and legends of different cultures. Thus we have Orion the Hunter and Aries the Ram. On the star sheet provided, find your own constellation. When you are done, write a myth about your constellation.

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34 Once upon a time there was a really nice teacher named Mr. R. Now Mr. R. had fallen deeply in love with Ms. L next door. However, when he expressed his love for her, she spurned his advances and broke his heart using a knife. To forever remind humans of the importance of love and friendship, the gods took Mr. R s heart and the knife and placed them in the heavens where they remind us to this day that men are nice and women are evil, conniving, uncaring

35 Finding Patterns in Constellations For thousands of years, humans have found patterns in the stars. These patterns, while not based on anything more than our own perspective from here on Earth, help us find our way around the sky, predict seasons, and navigate. Many times, these constellations were based on the myths and legends of different cultures. Thus we have Orion the Hunter and Aries the Ram. On the star sheet provided, find your own constellation. When you are done, write a myth about your constellation.

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38 Reviewing Observations and Classification 1. Describe direct and indirect observations and give an example of each 2. What are the five ways of making a direct observation 3. Compare direct and indirect observations in terms of time, cost, and accuracy 4. What are the five key points of observing and questioning? 5. Why do scientists classify things 6. What is the correct way to classify things

39 Reviewing Systems Models and Patterns 1. What is a system 2. Why do scientists study change in systems 3. Compare a closed and open system. Give an example of each 4. What is a model 5. What is scale 6. Explain why we use models in science. 7. What is the benefit of patterns in science

40 Other Things You Should Know 1. Describe the four major spheres of the Earth 2. Define science 3. Compare science and non-science 4. Compare science and technology 5. List five natural changes that occur in the environment 6. List five human-caused changes that occur in the environment 7. Why is the statement We are going to destroy the Earth if we continue to do environmental damage not completely accurate 8. How do we know if the Earth is healthy? 9. Explain why knowing information is less important than learning information