Chapter 5: Perceiving Objects and Scenes
|
|
- Martha Eaton
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 PSY382-Hande Kaynak, PhD 2/13/17 Chapter 5: Perceiving Objects and Scenes 1 2 Figure 5-1 p96 3 Figure 5-2 p96 4 Figure 5-4 p97 1
2 Why Is It So Difficult to Design a Perceiving Machine? The stimulus on the receptors is ambiguous. Inverse projection problem: An image on the retina can be caused by an infinite number of objects. 5 6 Figure 5-5 p98 A par,cular image on the re,na can be created by an infinite number of objects, among them the two rectangles and the,lted trapezoid shown here. This is why we say that the image on the re,na is ambiguous. 7 Figure 5-6 p98 8 Figure 5-7 p98 2
3 Why Is It So Difficult to Design a Perceiving Machine? Objects can be blurred. Objects can be hidden. People are also able to recognize objects that are not in sharp focus Figure 5-9 p99 Why Is It So Difficult to Design a Perceiving Machine? - continued Objects look different from different viewpoints Viewpoint invariance: the ability to recognize an object regardless of the viewpoint This is a difficult task for computers to perform Although humans continue to perceive the chair as the same chair viewed from different angles, this isn t so obvious to a computer Figure 5-10 p99 3
4 PSY382-Hande Kaynak, PhD 2/13/17 Perceptual Organization Perceptual Organization How do humans overcome these complexities? Incoming stimuli in the environment become perceptually grouped to create our perception of objects. Grouping: visual info are put together into objects. Segregation: separating object from another. Answered by perceptual organization Perceptual Organization Structuralism: Approach established by Wundt (late 1800s) States that perceptions are created by combining elements called sensations. According to structuralism, a number of sensations (represented by the dots) add up to create our perception of the face. 15 Figure 5-11 p100 Another principle of structuralism is that the combination of sensations to form perceptions is aided by the observer s past experience. 16 4
5 Perceptual Organization Structuralism could not explain apparent movement. Apparent movement can t be explained by sensations, because there is nothing in the dark space between the flashing images. (a) One light flashes, followed by (b) a short period of darkness, followed by (c) another light flashing in a different position. The resulting perception, symbolized in (d), is a light moving from left to right. Movement is seen between the two lights even though there is only darkness in 17 the space between them. 18 Figure 5-14 p101 The letters and numbers that appear to be moving smoothly across the screen are created by hundreds of small lights that are blinking on and off. Perceptual Organization Illusory contours- contours that appear real but have physical edge The illusory contours clearly visible in (b) and (c) cannot be caused by sensations, because there is only white there. Other message is: the whole is different than the sum of its parts 19 Figure 5-15 p101 Sensations can t explain illusory contours, because there aren t any sensations along the contours. 20 5
6 Gestalt Organizing Principles Example of Good continuation Gestalt psychologists proposed that perception depends on a number of organizing principles, which determine how elements in a scene become grouped together. Good continuation - connected points resulting in straight or smooth curves belong together Figure 5-17 p102 Example of Good continuation Gestalt Organizing Principles Pragnanz - every stimulus is seen as simply as possible This is usually perceived as five circles, not as the nine shapes in (b). So, also called the principle of simplicity 23 Figure 5-18 p
7 Gestalt Organizing Principles Similarity - similar things are grouped together This law causes circles of the same color to be grouped together. Waves, by Wilma Hurskainen Figure 5-21 p103 Gestalt Organizing Principles - continued Gestalt Organizing Principles - continued Proximity - things that are near to each other are grouped together Common fate - things moving in same direction are grouped together. E.g. when you see hundreds of birds all flying together, you tend to see the flock as a unit, and if some birds start flying in another direction, this creates a new unit
8 Gestalt Organizing Principles - continued Gestalt Organizing Principles - continued Common region - elements in the same region tend to be grouped together Uniform connectedness - connected region of visual properties are perceived as single unit This occurs because each oval is seen as a separate region of space Perceptual Segregation Objects (the men s legs) are partially hidden by another object (the gray boards). Figure-ground segregation - determining what part of environment is the figure so that it stands out from the background In this example, the men s legs continue in a straight line and are the same color above and below the boards, so it is highly likely that they continue behind the boards. 31 Figure 5-24 p
9 (a) When the vase is perceived as figure, it is seen in front of a homogeneous dark background. (b) When the faces are seen as figure, they are seen in front of a homogeneous light background. Perceptual Segregation - continued What causes us to perceive one area as figure and the other as ground? Elements located in the lower part of displays are perceived as figure. reversible figure ground The figure is more thinglike and more memorable 33 than the ground. Figure 5-26 p the lower part of the scene is figure and the sky is ground. They flashed stimuli like the ones on top for 150 milliseconds. And then they determined which area was seen as figure, the red area or the green one. Result: there is no left right preference for determining figure, but there is a definite preference for seeing objects lower in the display as figure 35 Figure 5-27 p Figure 5-28 p106 9
10 Subjective Factors That Determine Which are is Figure Gestalt psychologists believed that experience and meaning play a role in perceptual organization. (a) W on top of M. (b) When combined, a new pattern emerges, overriding the meaningful letters. Experiments showed that figure-ground can be affected by meaningfulness of a stimuli Figure 5-30 p107 figure ground formation can be affected by the meaningfulness of a stimulus (a) The black area is more likely to be seen as figure because it is meaningful; (b) this effect doesn t occur when meaningfulness is decreased by turning the picture upside down. At first glance, this scene appears to contain mainly trees, rocks, and water. But on closer inspection, you can see some faces in the trees 39 Figure 5-31 p107 Once you perceive a particular grouping of rocks as a face, it is often difficult not to perceive them in this way. 40 Figure 5-32 p108 10
11 Where is the iphone? J Perceiving Scenes and Objects in Scenes 41 A scene contains: background elements. objects organized in meaningful ways with each other and the background. Difference between objects and scenes A scene is acted within An object is acted upon E.g. if we are walking down the street and mail a letter, we would be acting upon the mailbox (an object) and acting within the street (the scene). 42 Perceiving Scenes and Objects in Scenes - continued You can identify most scenes after viewing them for only a fraction of a second. This general description of the type of scene is called the gist of a scene. (not be able to identify specific objects.) Research on perceiving gists of scenes Potter showed that people can do this when a picture is only presented for 1/4 second Fei-Fei presented pictures for 27 ms to 500 ms and asked observers to write a description of what they saw. He used masking to show that the overall gist is perceived first followed by details. 43 Potter first presented either a description or picture, and then rapidly presented 16 pictures for 250 ms each. The observer s task was to indicate whether the target picture/description had been presented. When the target picture was only specified by a written description, such as girl clapping, observers achieved an accuracy of almost 90 percent. On the other hand, with pictures, her observers could do this with almost 100 percent accuracy even when the pictures were flashed for only 250 ms 44 Figure 5-33 p109 11
12 Fei-Fei Masking the perception of a visual stimulus continues for about 250 ms (1/4 second) after the stimulus is extinguished. SO, when a picture is presented for 100 ms, it will be perceived as lasting about 350 ms. But the persistence of vision can be eliminated by presenting a visual masking stimulus, usually a random pattern that covers the original stimulus, so if a picture is flashed for 100 ms followed immediately by a masking stimulus, the picture is visible for just 100 ms. 45 Fei-Fei (results) The overall gist of the scene is perceived first, followed by perception of details and smaller objects within the scene. See VL. (5.10) Masking 46 Perceiving Scenes and Objects in Scenes - continued What enables observers to perceive the gist of a scene so rapidly? We used info called Global image features of scenes Degree of naturalness (Natural scenes, such as the ocean and forest) Perceiving Scenes and Objects in Scenes - continued Degree of openness (Open scenes, such as the ocean, often have a visible horizon line and contain few objects. The forest has a low degree of openness) Degree of roughness (Smooth scenes (low roughness) like the ocean contain fewer small elements. Scenes with high roughness like the forest contain many small elements and are more complex.)
13 Perceiving Scenes and Objects in Scenes - continued Degree of expansion (The convergence of parallel lines, like what you see when you look down railroad tracks that appear to vanish in the distance. Street example: indicates a high degree of expansion) holistic Color (Some scenes have characteristic colors, like the ocean scene (blue) and the forest (green and brown) Such features are holistic and perceived rapidly 49 Perceiving Scenes and Objects in Scenes - continued Our past experiences in perceiving properties of the environment play a role in determining our perceptions. We learn, for example, that blue is associated with open sky, that landscapes are often green and smooth, and that verticals and horizontals are associated with buildings. Characteristics of the environment, such as these, which occur frequently, are called regularities in the environment. 50 Regularities in the Environment: Information for Perceiving We easily use our knowledge of regularities in the environment to help us perceive, even though we may not be able to identify the specific information we are using. See VL. Physical regularities - regularly occurring physical properties Oblique effect - people perceive horizontals and vertical more easily than other orientations Uniform connectedness - objects are defined by areas of the same color or texture 51 When we pick a point on the scene (such as A) and move slightly away from that point (to B), it is likely that the two points are on the same object if the color is the same. If, however, we move to C, the color changes, which means it is likely we are looking at a different object. 52 Figure 5-36 p111 13
14 Regularities in the Environment: Information for Perceiving continued Physical regularities - regularly occurring physical properties Homogenous colors. and nearby objects have different colors Light-from-above heuristic - light in natural environment comes from above us Light coming from above will illuminate the top of a shape that is jutting out. jutting out Figure 5-37 p111 Why does (a) look like indentations in the sand and (b) look like mounds of sand? Regularities in the Environment: Information for Perceiving - continued Semantic regularities. Semantics refers to the meaning of a scene indentations mounds 55 Figure 5-38 p
15 Regularities in the Environment: Information for Perceiving - continued Semantic regularities. Palmer experiment Observers saw a context scene flashed briefly, followed by a target picture. Results showed that: Targets congruent with the context were identified 80% of the time. Targets that were incongruent were only identified 40% of the time. Stimuli used in Palmer s (1975) experiment. The scene at the left is presented first, and the observer is then asked to identify one of the objects on the right Figure 5-39 p113 the multiple personalities of a blob See rotating masks at VL. Although the blob is the same shape in all of the pictures! What we expect to see in different contexts influences our interpretation of the identity of the blob inside the circles. 59 Figure 5-40 p113 15
Chapter 5: Perceiving Objects and Scenes
Chapter 5: Perceiving Objects and Scenes The Puzzle of Object and Scene Perception The stimulus on the receptors is ambiguous. Inverse projection problem: An image on the retina can be caused by an infinite
More informationThe Structuralist Approach
The Structuralist Approach Approach established by Wundt (1830-1920) States that perceptions are created by combining elements called sensations Popular in mid to late 19 th century Wundt studied conscious
More informationPerceiving Objects Different Approaches
Chapter 4 Perceiving Objects Different Approaches Molecules Neurons Circuits & Brain Areas Brain Physiological Approach Individual Features Groups of Features Objects Scenes Psychophysical Approach Figure
More informationSensation & Perception PSYC420 Thomas E. Van Cantfort, Ph.D.
Sensation & Perception PSYC420 Thomas E. Van Cantfort, Ph.D. Objects & Forms When we look out into the world we are able to see things as trees, cars, people, books, etc. A wide variety of objects and
More informationLeft Handed Split Brain. Learning Objectives Topics
Left Handed Split Brain Case study V.J.: Gazzaniga, 1998 Left handed split brain patient Spoke out of left hemisphere Wrote out of right hemisphere Writing = independent from language systems Frey et al.
More information9.65 Sept. 12, 2001 Object recognition HANDOUT with additions in Section IV.b for parts of lecture that were omitted.
9.65 Sept. 12, 2001 Object recognition HANDOUT with additions in Section IV.b for parts of lecture that were omitted. I. Why is visual perception difficult? II. Basics of visual perception A. Gestalt principles,
More informationPerception. Chapter 8, Section 3
Perception Chapter 8, Section 3 Principles of Perceptual Organization The perception process helps us to comprehend the confusion of the stimuli bombarding our senses Our brain takes the bits and pieces
More informationB.A. II Psychology - Paper A. Form Perception. Dr. Neelam Rathee. Department of Psychology G.C.G.-11, Chandigarh
B.A. II Psychology - Paper A Form Perception Dr. Neelam Rathee Department of Psychology G.C.G.-11, Chandigarh Form Perception What it is? How do we recognize an object? (form perception) 2 Perception of
More informationPSY 310: Sensory and Perceptual Processes 1
Wilhelm Wundt Gestalt Psychology PSY 310 Established the first true psychology laboratory in 1879 University of Leipzig (Germany) Greg Francis Tried to identify basic elements of perception Similar to
More informationObject vision (Chapter 4)
Object vision (Chapter 4) Lecture 8 Jonathan Pillow Sensation & Perception (PSY 345 / NEU 325) Princeton University, Spring 2015 1 Outline for today: Chap 3: adaptation Chap 4: intro to object vision gestalt
More informationToday: Visual perception, leading to higher-level vision: object recognition, word perception.
9.65 - Cognitive Processes - Spring 2004 MIT Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences Course Instructor: Professor Mary C. Potter 9.65 February 9, 2004 Object recognition HANDOUT I. Why is object recognition
More informationReview #6 ( )
Review #6 ( http://www.appsychology.net ) ( Reproduced with Permission from Ben McIlwain [Author] ) Questions 1. You typically fail to consciously perceive that your own nose is in your line of vision.
More informationSensation vs. Perception
PERCEPTION Sensation vs. Perception What s the difference? Sensation what the senses do Perception process of recognizing, organizing and dinterpreting ti information. What is Sensation? The process whereby
More informationPrincipals of Object Perception
Principals of Object Perception Elizabeth S. Spelke COGNITIVE SCIENCE 14, 29-56 (1990) Cornell University Summary Infants perceive object by analyzing tree-dimensional surface arrangements and motions.
More informationObject Perception Perceiving and Recognizing Objects
Object Perception Perceiving and Recognizing Objects Extrastriate cortex Outside V1 in occipital lobe Dorsal pathway Ventral pathway Modular organization of visual areas associated with object recognition
More informationWhat is mid level vision? Mid Level Vision. What is mid level vision? Lightness perception as revealed by lightness illusions
What is mid level vision? Mid Level Vision March 18, 2004 Josh McDermott Perception involves inferring the structure of the world from measurements of energy generated by the world (in vision, this is
More informationPsych 333, Winter 2008, Instructor Boynton, Exam 2
Name: ID # ID: A Psych 333, Winter 2008, Instructor Boynton, Exam 2 Multiple Choice (38 questions, 1 point each) Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
More informationGestalt theories of perception
Gestalt theories of perception THE MOST IMPORTANT LECTURE YOU WILL EVER ATTEND!!!!! Talk about the journey to this point GESTALT PRINCIPLES Gestalt psychology Gestalt psychology was founded in 1910 by
More informationAuditory Scene Analysis. Dr. Maria Chait, UCL Ear Institute
Auditory Scene Analysis Dr. Maria Chait, UCL Ear Institute Expected learning outcomes: Understand the tasks faced by the auditory system during everyday listening. Know the major Gestalt principles. Understand
More information= + Auditory Scene Analysis. Week 9. The End. The auditory scene. The auditory scene. Otherwise known as
Auditory Scene Analysis Week 9 Otherwise known as Auditory Grouping Auditory Streaming Sound source segregation The auditory scene The auditory system needs to make sense of the superposition of component
More informationVisual Design. Simplicity, Gestalt Principles, Organization/Structure
Visual Design Simplicity, Gestalt Principles, Organization/Structure Many examples are from Universal Principles of Design, Lidwell, Holden, and Butler 1 Why discuss visual design? You need to present
More informationPerception Outline Chapter 6, Psychology, David G Meyers, 7 th Edition
Perception Outline Chapter 6, Psychology, David G Meyers, 7 th Edition By transforming sensation into perception we create meaning - Selective Attention - Perception comes to us moment by moment 1. Selective
More informationSensation and Perception
Sensation and Perception 1 Chapters 4 of the required textbook Introduction to Psychology International Edition bv James Kalat (2010) 9 th Edition EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES After studying this chapter,
More informationSensation and Perception
1 Sensation and Perception DR. ARNEL BANAGA SALGADO, Doctor of Psychology (USA) FPM (Ph.D.) Psychology (India) Doctor of Education (Phl) Master of Arts in Nursing (Phl) Master of Arts in Teaching Psychology
More informationPsychology of visual perception C O M M U N I C A T I O N D E S I G N, A N I M A T E D I M A G E 2014/2015
Psychology of visual perception C O M M U N I C A T I O N D E S I G N, A N I M A T E D I M A G E 2014/2015 EXTENDED SUMMARY Lesson #4: Oct. 13 th 2014 Lecture plan: GESTALT PSYCHOLOGY Nature and fundamental
More informationVisual Perception 6. Daniel Chandler. The innocent eye is blind and the virgin mind empty. - Nelson Goodman. Gestalt Principles of Visual Organization
Visual Perception 6 Daniel Chandler The innocent eye is blind and the virgin mind empty. - Nelson Goodman Gestalt Principles of Visual Organization In discussing the 'selectivity' of perception I have
More information(Visual) Attention. October 3, PSY Visual Attention 1
(Visual) Attention Perception and awareness of a visual object seems to involve attending to the object. Do we have to attend to an object to perceive it? Some tasks seem to proceed with little or no attention
More informationAssistant Professor Computer Science. Introduction to Human-Computer Interaction
CMSC434 Introduction to Human-Computer Interaction Week 10 Lecture 20 Nov 7, 2013 IxD and Visual Design Human Computer Interaction Laboratory @jonfroehlich Assistant Professor Computer Science Today 1.
More informationPsychology Chapter 4. Sensation and Perception. Most amazing introduction ever!! Turn to page 77 and prepare to be amazed!
Psychology Chapter 4 Sensation and Perception Most amazing introduction ever!! Turn to page 77 and prepare to be amazed! Chapter 4 Section 1 EQ: Distinguish between sensation and perception, and explain
More informationComputational Architectures in Biological Vision, USC, Spring 2001
Computational Architectures in Biological Vision, USC, Spring 2001 Lecture 11: Visual Illusions. Reading Assignments: None 1 What Can Illusions Teach Us? They exacerbate the failure modes of our visual
More informationUnderstanding Users. - cognitive processes. Unit 3
Understanding Users - cognitive processes Unit 3 Why do we need to understand users? Interacting with technology involves a number of cognitive processes We need to take into account Characteristic & limitations
More informationID# Exam 1 PS 325, Fall 2001
ID# Exam 1 PS 325, Fall 2001 As always, the Skidmore Honor Code is in effect, so keep your eyes foveated on your own exam. I tend to think of a point as a minute, so be sure to spend the appropriate amount
More informationCMSC434 Intro to Human-Computer Interaction. Aesthetics and Visual Design #2 Wednesday, April 2nd, 2012 Instructor: Jon Froehlich TA: Kotaro Hara
CMSC434 Intro to Human-Computer Interaction Aesthetics and Visual Design #2 Wednesday, April 2nd, 2012 Instructor: Jon Froehlich TA: Kotaro Hara Fame/Shame Fame/Shame [Introducing Kyte Phone, Mar 19, 2012:
More informationVisual Perception. Agenda. Visual perception. CS Information Visualization January 20, 2011 John Stasko. Pre-attentive processing Color Etc.
Topic Notes Visual Perception CS 7450 - Information Visualization January 20, 2011 John Stasko Agenda Visual perception Pre-attentive processing Color Etc. Spring 2011 CS 7450 2 1 Semiotics The study of
More informationPSY 310: Sensory and Perceptual Processes 1
Prof. Greg Francis PSY 310 Greg Francis Perception We have mostly talked about perception as an observer who acquires information about an environment Object properties Distance Size Color Shape Motion
More informationStimulus any aspect of or change in the environment to which an organism responds. Sensation what occurs when a stimulus activates a receptor
Chapter 8 Sensation and Perception Sec 1: Sensation Stimulus any aspect of or change in the environment to which an organism responds Sensation what occurs when a stimulus activates a receptor Perception
More informationUsing Perceptual Grouping for Object Group Selection
Using Perceptual Grouping for Object Group Selection Hoda Dehmeshki Department of Computer Science and Engineering, York University, 4700 Keele Street Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3 Canada hoda@cs.yorku.ca
More informationID# Exam 1 PS 325, Fall 2003
ID# Exam 1 PS 325, Fall 2003 Read each question carefully and answer it completely. Pay careful attention to the point value of questions so that you allocate your time appropriately (1 point = 1 minute).
More informationMental Imagery. What is Imagery? What We Can Imagine 3/3/10. What is nature of the images? What is the nature of imagery for the other senses?
Mental Imagery What is Imagery? What is nature of the images? Exact copy of original images? Represented in terms of meaning? If so, then how does the subjective sensation of an image arise? What is the
More informationPSYC 441 Cognitive Psychology II
PSYC 441 Cognitive Psychology II Session 5 Theories of Perception Lecturer: Dr. Benjamin Amponsah, Dept., of Psychology, UG, Legon Contact Information: bamponsah@ug.edu.gh College of Education School of
More informationPattern Recognition. Organization of Lectures. Complexities of Perception
Pattern Recognition Complexities Constraints Models Organization of Lectures Complexities of perception Constraints on perception Pattern recognition models Template Distinctive-feature Spatial/configural
More informationObservation is the capacity of the individual to know the environment by the use of his senses. There are two steps in the process of observation:
Definition Observation is the capacity of the individual to know the environment by the use of his senses. There are two steps in the process of observation: 1) Attention: is the preparatory step, the
More informationPsychology and You. Dear Students,
Psychology and You Dear Students, December, 2009 2 nd Edition Welcome to the second edition of Psychology and You, a newsletter covering basic psychology principles and scientific research, presented in
More informationPerception: Pattern or object recognition. Chapter 3
Perception: Pattern or object recognition Chapter 3 Perception Sensation vs. perception What are the mechanisms responsible? What is the process? Q: How do we interpret lines and patterns as objects? Q:
More informationCompeting Frameworks in Perception
Competing Frameworks in Perception Lesson II: Perception module 08 Perception.08. 1 Views on perception Perception as a cascade of information processing stages From sensation to percept Template vs. feature
More informationCompeting Frameworks in Perception
Competing Frameworks in Perception Lesson II: Perception module 08 Perception.08. 1 Views on perception Perception as a cascade of information processing stages From sensation to percept Template vs. feature
More informationUnit 4: Sensation and Perception
Unit 4: Sensation and Perception Sensation a process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus (or physical) energy and encode it as neural signals. Perception a
More informationCognitive Processes PSY 334. Chapter 2 Perception
Cognitive Processes PSY 334 Chapter 2 Perception Object Recognition Two stages: Early phase shapes and objects are extracted from background. Later phase shapes and objects are categorized, recognized,
More informationAnnouncements. Perceptual Grouping. Quiz: Fourier Transform. What you should know for quiz. What you should know for quiz
Announcements Quiz on Tuesday, March 10. Material covered (Union not Intersection) All lectures before today (March 3). Forsyth and Ponce Readings: Chapters 1.1, 4, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 7,8, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 6.5.2,
More informationPerceptual Grouping: It s Later Than You Think. Stephen E. Palmer 1
Perceptual Grouping: It s Later Than You Think Stephen E. Palmer 1 Psychology Department, University of California, Berkeley, California Abstract Recent research on perceptual grouping is described with
More informationCOGS 121 HCI Programming Studio. Week 03
COGS 121 HCI Programming Studio Week 03 Direct Manipulation Principles of Direct Manipulation 1. Continuous representations of the objects and actions of interest with meaningful visual metaphors. 2. Physical
More informationTheories* The subject-expectancy effect and classical conditioning are pretty similar. In both, the patient has a built-in expectation of the outcome.
Placebo Effect* Occurs if patients given a placebo treatment will have a perceived or actual improvement in a medical condition a wide variety of things can be placebos and exhibit a placebo effect. Pharmacological
More informationVisual Perception. Agenda. Visual perception. CS Information Visualization August 26, 2013 John Stasko. Pre-attentive processing Color Etc.
Topic Notes Visual Perception CS 7450 - Information Visualization August 26, 2013 John Stasko Agenda Visual perception Pre-attentive processing Color Etc. Fall 2013 CS 7450 2 1 Semiotics The study of symbols
More informationStudy Guide Chapter 6
Name: Date: 1. The study of perception is primarily concerned with how we: A) detect sights, sounds, and other stimuli. B) sense environmental stimuli. C) develop sensitivity to illusions. D) interpret
More informationGestalt Principles of Grouping
Gestalt Principles of Grouping Ch 4C depth and gestalt 1 There appears to be some inherent cognitive process to organize information in a simple manner (nativist perspective). Without some sort of mental
More informationCognitive issues in visual perception
Cognitive issues in visual perception 1 Our perception of a visual stimulus depends Not only on what we see But also on how we interpret it 2 3 From seeing to perceiving Perception, interpretation, & comprehension
More information= add definition here. Definition Slide
= add definition here Definition Slide Definition Slides Sensation = the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment. Perception
More informationVisual Design: Perception Principles. ID 405: Human-Computer Interaction
Visual Design: Perception Principles ID 405: Human-Computer Interaction Visual Design: Perception Principles 1. Gestalt psychology of perceptual organisation 2. Perception Principles by V.S. Ramachandran
More informationStep 10 Visualisation Carlos Moura
Step 10 Visualisation Carlos Moura COIN 2018-16th JRC Annual Training on Composite Indicators & Scoreboards 05-07/11/2018, Ispra (IT) Effective communication through visualization Why investing on visual
More informationGathering and Repetition of the Elements in an Image Affect the Perception of Order and Disorder
International Journal of Affective Engineering Vol.13 No.3 pp.167-173 (2014) ORIGINAL ARTICLE Gathering and Repetition of the Elements in an Image Affect the Perception of Order and Disorder Yusuke MATSUDA
More informationPractice Test Questions
Practice Test Questions Multiple Choice 1. Which term is most descriptive of the process of sensation? a. transportation c. selection b. interpretation d. transduction 2. Which terms are most descriptive
More informationFundamentals of Cognitive Psychology, 3e by Ronald T. Kellogg Chapter 2. Multiple Choice
Multiple Choice 1. Which structure is not part of the visual pathway in the brain? a. occipital lobe b. optic chiasm c. lateral geniculate nucleus *d. frontal lobe Answer location: Visual Pathways 2. Which
More informationTheoretical Perspectives. Humanistic Existential Approaches. Humanistic- Existential Approaches 3/7/2010. Chapter 4 Humanistic Existential
Theoretical Perspectives Chapter 4 Humanistic Existential Humanistic Existential Approaches Person Centered Humanistic Existential Gestalt Humanistic- Existential Approaches Person Centered Humanistic
More informationHuman Perception. Topic Objectives. CS 725/825 Information Visualization Fall Dr. Michele C. Weigle.
CS 725/825 Information Visualization Fall 2013 Human Perception Dr. Michele C. Weigle http://www.cs.odu.edu/~mweigle/cs725-f13/ Topic Objectives! Define perception! Distinguish between rods and cones in
More informationNote:- Receptors are the person who receives any images from outer environment.
Concept According to Oxford Advanced Learner s Dictionary, Perception means the way you notice things especially with the senses. Perception is the process of organizing and attempting to understand the
More informationDefinition Slides. Sensation. Perception. Bottom-up processing. Selective attention. Top-down processing 11/3/2013
Definition Slides Sensation = the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment. Perception = the process of organizing and interpreting
More informationNatural Scene Statistics and Perception. W.S. Geisler
Natural Scene Statistics and Perception W.S. Geisler Some Important Visual Tasks Identification of objects and materials Navigation through the environment Estimation of motion trajectories and speeds
More informationl3;~~?~~~,'0~'~~t~t:~:~~~~~~~~~~!,1
112 Sensation and Perception Line A should look longer, even though both lines are actually the same length. People who come from noncarpentered cultures that do not use right angles and corners often
More informationVision Seeing is in the mind
1 Vision Seeing is in the mind Stimulus: Light 2 Light Characteristics 1. Wavelength (hue) 2. Intensity (brightness) 3. Saturation (purity) 3 4 Hue (color): dimension of color determined by wavelength
More informationPsychology Unit 3 Test
1 Choose the best answer. (2 pts each). Psychology Unit 3 Test 1. In bright light, the iris and the pupil to control the amount of light entering the eye. a. expands; constricts b. constricts; expands
More informationSperling conducted experiments on An experiment was conducted by Sperling in the field of visual sensory memory.
Levels of category Basic Level Category: Subordinate Category: Superordinate Category: Stages of development of Piaget 1. Sensorimotor stage 0-2 2. Preoperational stage 2-7 3. Concrete operational stage
More informationPerceptual Organization (II)
(II) Introduction to Computational and Biological Vision CS 202-1-5261 Computer Science Department, BGU Ohad Ben-Shahar Why do things look they way they do? [Koffka 1935] External (Environment) vs. Internal
More informationID# Exam 1 PS 325, Fall 2007
ID# Exam 1 PS 325, Fall 2007 As always, the Skidmore Honor Code is in effect, which you ll acknowledge when you turn in your exam. Each multiple-choice question is worth 1 point and the value of the other
More informationSensation. I. Basic Concepts II. Characteristics of Sensory Systems III. The Visual System
Sensation I. Basic Concepts II. Characteristics of Sensory Systems III. The Visual System Sensation The process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies
More informationRules of apparent motion: The shortest-path constraint: objects will take the shortest path between flashed positions.
Rules of apparent motion: The shortest-path constraint: objects will take the shortest path between flashed positions. The box interrupts the apparent motion. The box interrupts the apparent motion.
More informationLEA Color Vision Testing
To The Tester Quantitative measurement of color vision is an important diagnostic test used to define the degree of hereditary color vision defects found in screening with pseudoisochromatic tests and
More informationSENSES: VISION. Chapter 5: Sensation AP Psychology Fall 2014
SENSES: VISION Chapter 5: Sensation AP Psychology Fall 2014 Sensation versus Perception Top-Down Processing (Perception) Cerebral cortex/ Association Areas Expectations Experiences Memories Schemas Anticipation
More informationPerception and Memory. Higher Human Biology
Perception and Memory Higher Human Biology SOMATIC MIX UP Put the statements in the correct order to show the pathway of nerves involved in a somatic response MOTOR NERVE SENSORY NERVE CNS EFFECTOR STIMULUS
More informationGist of the Scene. Aude Oliva ABSTRACT II. THE NATURE OF THE GIST I. WHAT IS THE GIST OF A SCENE? A. Conceptual Gist CHAPTER
INO041 10/18/04 6:15 PM Page 251 CHAPTER 41 Gist of the Scene Aude Oliva ABSTRACT Studies in scene perception have shown that observers recognize a real-world scene at a single glance. During this expeditious
More informationNeural circuits PSY 310 Greg Francis. Lecture 05. Rods and cones
Neural circuits PSY 310 Greg Francis Lecture 05 Why do you need bright light to read? Rods and cones Photoreceptors are not evenly distributed across the retina 1 Rods and cones Cones are most dense in
More informationPerceptual Organization and Pattern Recognition. Lecture 15
Perceptual Organization and Pattern Recognition Lecture 15 1 Gibson s Ecological View Direct Perception All information needed for perception is supplied by the stimulus Perceptual systems evolved to extract
More informationNatural Scene Categorization: from Humans to Computers
Natural Scene Categorization: from Humans to Computers Li Fei-Fei Beckman Institute, ECE, Psychology http://visionlab.ece.uiuc.edu #1: natural scene categorization entails little attention (Rufin VanRullen,
More informationPSY 402. Theories of Learning Chapter 8 Stimulus Control How Stimuli Guide Instrumental Action
PSY 402 Theories of Learning Chapter 8 Stimulus Control How Stimuli Guide Instrumental Action Categorization and Discrimination Animals respond to stimuli in ways that suggest they form categories. Pigeons
More informationUnit 1: Perception and Dreaming
Write your name here Surname Other names Pearson Edexcel GSE entre Number Psychology Unit 1: Perception and Dreaming andidate Number Tuesday 3 June 2014 fternoon Time: 1 hour 15 minutes You do not need
More informationNCERT Solutions Class 11 Psychology. Chapter - Sensory, Attentional And Perceptual Processes
NCERT Solutions Class 11 Psychology Chapter - Sensory, Attentional And Perceptual Processes Question 1. Explain the functional limitations of sense organs. Answer: Sense organs function with certain limitations.
More informationBirds' Judgments of Number and Quantity
Entire Set of Printable Figures For Birds' Judgments of Number and Quantity Emmerton Figure 1. Figure 2. Examples of novel transfer stimuli in an experiment reported in Emmerton & Delius (1993). Paired
More informationHow do we see the world?
How do we see the world? Sensation and Perception CLASS OBJECTIVES In this chapter we explore sensation and perception, the vital processes by which we connect with and function in the world. What is sensation?
More informationCenter of Dilation. Vertical Distance: 6. Horizontal Distance: 4
.1 Constructing Dilations It is useful to be able to perform transformations using the coordinate plane. This allows us to specify the exact coordinates of the pre-image, image, and other important reference
More informationIAT 355 Perception 1. Or What You See is Maybe Not What You Were Supposed to Get
IAT 355 Perception 1 Or What You See is Maybe Not What You Were Supposed to Get Why we need to understand perception The ability of viewers to interpret visual (graphical) encodings of information and
More informationReview Sheet: Sensation and Perception (6-8%) Sensation. Date Period. 1) sensation. 2) perception. 3) bottom-up processing. 4) top-down processing
Name Ms. Gabriel/Mr. McManus Date Period AP Psychology Review Sheet: Sensation and Perception (6-8%) Sensation 1) sensation 2) perception 3) bottom-up processing 4) top-down processing Thresholds 5) psychophysics
More informationCSC2524 L0101 TOPICS IN INTERACTIVE COMPUTING: INFORMATION VISUALISATION VISUAL PERCEPTION. Fanny CHEVALIER
CSC2524 L0101 TOPICS IN INTERACTIVE COMPUTING: INFORMATION VISUALISATION VISUAL PERCEPTION Fanny CHEVALIER VISUAL PERCEPTION & COGNITION KNOWING HOW WE PERCEIVE TO BETTER REPRESENT [Source: http://www.creativebloq.com/design/science-behind-data-visualisation-8135496]
More informationObject and Gist Perception in a Dual Task Paradigm: Is Attention Important?
Object and Gist Perception in a Dual Task Paradigm: Is Attention Important? Maria Koushiou1 (maria_koushiou@yahoo.com) Elena Constantinou1 (elena_constantinou@yahoo.gr) 1 Department of Psychology, University
More informationVisual Object Recognition Computational Models and Neurophysiological Mechanisms Neurobiology 130/230. Harvard College/GSAS 78454
Visual Object Recognition Computational Models and Neurophysiological Mechanisms Neurobiology 130/230. Harvard College/GSAS 78454 Web site: http://tinyurl.com/visionclass (Class notes, readings, etc) Location:
More informationUser Interface. Colors, Icons, Text, and Presentation SWEN-444
User Interface Colors, Icons, Text, and Presentation SWEN-444 Color Psychology Color can evoke: Emotion aesthetic appeal warm versus cold colors Colors can be used for Clarification, Relation, and Differentiation.
More informationID# Exam 1 PS 325, Fall 2004
ID# Exam 1 PS 325, Fall 2004 As always, the Skidmore Honor Code is in effect. Read each question carefully and answer it completely. Multiple-choice questions are worth one point each, other questions
More informationVisual Processing (contd.) Pattern recognition. Proximity the tendency to group pieces that are close together into one object.
Objectives of today s lecture From your prior reading and the lecture, be able to: explain the gestalt laws of perceptual organization list the visual variables and explain how they relate to perceptual
More information[ A designer knows he has achieved
By: Amir Husaini Yusof 1 ArtGr 275 Fall 2015 Instructor: Hesham Hassan [ A designer knows he has achieved perfection not when there is nothing left to add, but when there is nothing left to take away.
More informationColour Communication.
Colour Communication. Understanding and expressing colour to your lab to achieve the best results. I by no means claim to be an expert on colour or even on communication, as my technicians will tell you.
More informationNeurological Basis for Placbeo effect*
Placebo Effect* Occurs if patients given a placebo treatment will have a perceived or actual improvement in a medical condition a wide variety of things can be placebos and exhibit a placebo effect. Pharmacological
More informationTheoretical Neuroscience: The Binding Problem Jan Scholz, , University of Osnabrück
The Binding Problem This lecture is based on following articles: Adina L. Roskies: The Binding Problem; Neuron 1999 24: 7 Charles M. Gray: The Temporal Correlation Hypothesis of Visual Feature Integration:
More information