. 65. (sulci), lipofuscin, (central synapse delay), choline acetyltransferase. GABA. monoamine oxidase (MAO) 1 3 ).

Transcription

1 : ). 65, % 291, % 690 1) , ), 85., % 1), )..,,. :, , , Tel: (02) , Fax: (02) % 4 ). (sulci),. 10% 60% 5 ). 6 ). (senile plaque) (neurofibrillary tangle) 7 )., lipofuscin, 8 ),, 9 )., 1 0 ), (central synapse delay), 1 1 ).., choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) 12 ), catecholamine GABA. monoamine oxidase (MAO) 1 3 ).

2 ......?.,,.,.,., 14 ),,,.. 1..,.,,,,.,.. 2..,. (Barthel index, 1), Instrumental ADL.,.,, ) 2)

3 1. Ba rthe l ADL index. 0=. 1= (, ). 2=. 0=. 1=. 0=. 1=,,,. 0=. 1=. 2=. 0=,. 1= (1 1 ). 2=. 0=,. 1= (1 1 ). 2=. 0=. 1=. 2=,,. 0=,. 1=,. 2=. 4=. 0= 1=. 2=. 3=(). 0=. 1=. 2=. ( /20)

4 2. : :,, ; 1999 (mini mental status examination; MMSE) 1 5 ). 1) (consciousness), (confusion), (lethargy), (semicoma), (unconsciousness), (coma)...,.,.,,, 1 6 ).,,,,. 3)..,,,,,, (orientation),,,,.,. 2) (affect ) (m ood).,,,. 3) (attention), (memory), (executive function), (visuo-spatial processing) (language) 17 ).,

5 3. Bell : Snout (palmomental) Type II (fast-twitch) fiber. 1 8 )... (self report),. 19 ). ( 3864), (immediate memory span).,..,..,,,, ,.. 20.,,,,. 2.,,. (convergence), Bell, 2 0,2 1 ).

6 ., %, 2 4 )..,.. (Glabellar), (Sucking),. (snout), (palmomental) (grasp) (cortical release 3. sign) (primitive reflex),. 2 5 )., 2 6 ). Kaye,,, 70, 2 20%, 85 44% (Type II (fast-twitch) fiber) 2 2 ). 21% 9% 2 7 ).. Bennette Boston, %, 85 50%, 2 3 ), %. 2 4 ), 85, 90%, 2 3 ). (postural reflex) ( 3 ).,,., 4..,.,, 5., 70,

7 ,. 1 6 ).,,.,,,,,,,.,.., 2 8 ).,,,,.,,,,. 1),,,,, : 1998,, ; ) ) Guralink JM, LaCroix.AZ, Everett DF: Aging in the eighties: the prevalence of comorbidity and its association with disability. Advanced Data from Vital and Health Statistics of the National Center for Health Statistics. Number 170. USA ) Tomlinson BE, Corsellis JAN: Aging and the dementias. In: Adams JH, Corsellis JAN, Duchen LW, editors, Greenfield's Neuropathology. 4th ed. NewYork; Wiley, p ) Coleman PD, Flood DG: Neuron numbers and dendritic extent in normal aging and Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 8: , ) Lippa CF, Hamos JE, Pulaski-Salo D, GeDennaro LJ, Drachman DA: Alzheimer's disease and aging: effects on perforant pathway perikarya and synapses. Neurobiol 13: , ) Katzman R, Terry RD, DeTeresa R: Clinical, pathological, and neurochemical changes in dementia: a subgroup with preserved mental status and numerous neocortical plaques. Ann Neurol 23: , ) Cutler RG: Human longevity and aging: possible role of reactive oxygen species. Ann NY Acad Sci 621:1-28, ) Rothman SM, Olney JW: Excitotoxicity and the NMDA receptor. Trends Neurosci 10: , ) Malamed E, Lavy S, Bentin S, Cooper G, Rinot Y: Reduction in regional blood flow during normal aging in man. Stroke 11:31-35, ) Celesia GG, Kaufman D, Cone S: Effects of age and sex on pattern electroretinograms and visual evoked potentials. Electroencephlogr Clin Neurophysiol 68: , 1987

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