Ancillary Material: ORT215 Summer 2016 Computer Answer Sheet. Registration number from U-Card (9 digits) - to be completed by student

Transcription

1 Ancillary Material: ORT215 Summer 2016 Computer Answer Sheet ACADEMIC UNIT OF OPHTHALMOLOGY & ORTHOPTICS Summer Semester 2016 INTRODUCTORY PATHOLOGY 1 Hour 30 Minutes You are advised to use the 4 leaf answer book. Registration number from U-Card (9 digits) - to be completed by student Section A (50% of marks): There are twenty multiple choice questions Correct answer: 3 marks Incorrect answer: -1 mark Unanswered or more than one answer: 0 marks Section B (50% of marks): There are five questions. Attempt THREE of the five questions only. Each question is of equal weighting. You are advised to spend 15 minutes on each question. At the end of the examination leave your question paper, computer answer sheet and your answer book on your desk for collection by the invigilator. ORT 215 1

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3 Section A: 20 questions removed before publication Section B: Attempt THREE of the five questions only. 1. The outbreak of the Zika virus is considered by the World Health Organization to be a global emergency. Explain with examples the body s defence mechanisms against infection. [100% of marks] 2. What is regeneration? [40% of marks] With examples discuss the regenerative ability of labile, stable and permanent cells. [60% of marks] 3. Define neoplasm. [20% of marks] Providing examples, explain the differences in the clinical and pathological features, and consequences, of a benign neoplasm and a malignant neoplasm. [80% of marks] 4. Describe, providing examples, what physical, chemical and biological agents could cause cellular injury to eyelid skin. [100% of marks] 5. A radioactive leak from a nuclear reactor is reported on the news. How should the local population be monitored? [10% of marks] What would be the expected short and long term clinical and pathological consequences of exposure to the whole body to different harmful levels of ionising radiation? [70% of marks] Provide two examples of the beneficial use of tissue irradiation in medicine. [20% of marks] 6. Eat seven or more portions of fruit and vegetables a day. Why should a diet high in red meat increase the lifetime risk of cancer and heart disease? [30% of marks] With examples, explain the clinical and pathological processes that give rise to vascular disorders. [70% of marks] END OF QUESTION PAPER ORT 215 3

4 Ancillary Material: Computer answer sheet ACADEMIC UNIT OF OPHTHALMOLOGY & ORTHOPTICS Spring Semester 2016 INTRODUCTORY PATHOLOGY 1 hour 30 minutes You are advised to use the 4 leaf answer book. Registration number from U-Card (9 digits). To be completed by Student Section A (50% of marks): There are twenty multiple choice questions Correct answer: 3 marks Incorrect answer: -1 mark Unanswered or more than one answer: 0 marks Section B (50% of marks): There are five questions. Attempt THREE of the five questions only. Each question is of equal weighting. You are advised to spend 15 minutes on each question. At the end of the examination leave your question paper, computer answer sheet and your answer book on your desk for collection by the invigilator.

5 Section A 20 questions removed before publication Section B: Attempt THREE of the five questions only. 1. Explain, using examples, the clinico-pathological characteristics you would examine in order to suggest the likely outcome for a patient with a tumour. [100% of marks] 2. Describe the local and systemic clinical and pathological effects of acute inflammation centred on the iris and anterior chamber (acute anterior uveitis). [100% of marks] 3. What are type I and type II hypersensitivity reactions? [30% of marks] Providing examples, what are the clinical and pathological consequences of these reactions and how specifically can they affect the eye? [70% of marks] 4. What are differentiation and morphogenesis? [20% of Marks] Explain how growth is regulated providing examples of foetal growth disorders and those of old age. [80% of marks] 5. What is diabetes mellitus? [30% of marks] Describe the clinical and pathological consequences of diabetes mellitus, with specific reference to the eye. [70% of marks] END OF QUESTION PAPER ORT 215 2

6 Ancillary Material: Computer answer sheet ACADEMIC UNIT OF OPHTHALMOLOGY & ORTHOPTICS Spring Semester 2015 INTRODUCTORY PATHOLOGY 1 Hour 30 Minutes You are advised to use the 4 leaf answer book. Registration number from U-Card (9 digits). To be completed by Student Section A (50% of marks): There are twenty multiple choice questions Correct answer: 3 marks Incorrect answer: -1 mark Unanswered or more than one answer: 0 marks Section B (50% of marks): There are five questions. Attempt THREE of the five questions only. Each question is of equal weighting. You are advised to spend 15 minutes on each question. At the end of the examination leave your question paper, computer answer sheet and your answer book on your desk for collection by the invigilator. ORT 215 1

7 Section A: 20 questions removed before publication. Section B: Attempt THREE of the five questions only. 1. Define apoptosis. [20%] What are the clinical and pathological consequences of a failure of apoptosis during morphogenesis and in relation to the development of neoplasms? [40% of marks each] 2. What are the features of (a) a granuloma [40% of marks] and (b) granulation tissue? [40% of marks] Give one example (in each case) of a circumstance in which such a reaction may occur. [10% of marks each] 3. What is a thrombosis? [30% of marks] What are the clinical and pathological effects of thrombosis of the central retinal artery? [70% of marks] 4. Unlabelled nuts in food prompts Food Standards Agency Investigation BBC News February Why should such a finding prompt concern? [20% of marks] Explain the potential clinical and pathological consequences. [80% of marks] 5. Describe the clinical and pathological effects of differing levels of ionising radiation (such as gamma and X-ray radiation) on body tissues. [80% of marks] Give one example of the beneficial clinical effect of radiation on tissues. [20% of marks] END OF QUESTION PAPER ORT 215 2

8 Ancillary Material: Computer answer sheet ACADEMIC UNIT OF OPHTHALMOLOGY & ORTHOPTICS Spring Semester 2014 INTRODUCTORY PATHOLOGY 1 Hour 30 Minutes You are advised to use the 4 leaf answer book. Registration number from U-Card (9 digits). To be completed by Student Section A (50% of marks): There are twenty multiple choice questions Correct answer: 3 marks Incorrect answer: -1 mark Unanswered or more than one answer: 0 marks Section B (50% of marks): There are five questions. Attempt THREE of the five questions only. Each question is of equal weighting. You are advised to spend 15 minutes on each question. At the end of the examination leave your question paper, computer answer sheet and your answer book on your desk for collection by the invigilator. ORT 215 1

9 Section A 20 questions removed before publication Section B: Attempt THREE of the five questions only. 1. Define neoplasm. [20% of marks] Explain, using examples, the clinicopathological characteristics you would examine in order to suggest the likely outcome for a patient with a tumour. [80% of marks] 2. Define the steps that occur during the early stages of acute inflammation. [35% of marks] What are the sequelae of acute inflammation? [65% of marks] 3. What is autoimmune disease? [30% of marks] Describe briefly the clinical and pathological features of one important named autoimmune disease affecting ocular tissues. [70% of marks] 4. Eat seven or more portions of fruit and vegetables a day. Why should a diet high in red meat increase the lifetime risk of cancer and heart disease? [30% of marks] With examples, explain the clinical and pathological processes that give rise to vascular disorders. [70% of marks] 5. Define hypertrophy, hyperplasia and atrophy. [30% of marks] With examples, explain how growth is regulated in normal and adult tissues. [70% of marks] END OF QUESTION PAPER ORT 215 2

10 Ancillary Material: One computer answer sheet ACADEMIC UNIT OF OPHTHALMOLOGY & ORTHOPTICS August 2013 INTRODUCTORY PATHOLOGY 1 Hour 30 Minutes You are advised to use the 4 leaf answer book. Registration number from U-Card (9 digits). To be completed by Student Section A (50% of marks): There are twenty multiple choice questions Correct answer: 3 marks Incorrect answer: -1 mark Unanswered or more than one answer: 0 marks Section B (50% of marks): There are five questions. Attempt THREE of the five questions only. Each question is of equal weighting. You are advised to spend 15 minutes on each question. At the end of the examination leave your question paper, computer answer sheet and your answer book on your desk for collection by the invigilator. ORT 215 1

11 Section A 20 questions removed prior to publication of paper Section B: Attempt THREE of the five questions only. 1. Define hypertrophy, hyperplasia and atrophy. [30% of marks] With examples explain how growth is regulated in normal and adult tissues. [70% of marks] 2. What is autoimmune disease? [30% of marks] Describe briefly the clinical and pathological features of one important named autoimmune disease affecting ocular tissues. [70% of marks] 3. What factors predispose to the development of atheroma (atherosclerosis)? [30% of marks] Describe the clinical and pathological changes in an artery giving rise to an atheroma, and what are the clinical and pathological consequences? [70% of marks] 4. Providing examples, compare and contrast healing by first intention with healing by second intention. [100% of marks] 5. Explain, using examples, the clinico-pathological characteristics you would examine in order to suggest the likely outcome for a patient with a tumour. [100% of marks] END OF QUESTION PAPER ORT 215 2

12 Ancillary Material: One computer answer sheet ACADEMIC UNIT OF OPHTHALMOLOGY & ORTHOPTICS Spring Semester 2013 INTRODUCTORY PATHOLOGY 1 Hour 30 Minutes You are advised to use the 4 leaf answer book. Registration number from U-Card (9 digits). To be completed by Student Section A (50% of marks): There are twenty multiple choice questions Correct answer: 3 marks Incorrect answer: -1 mark Unanswered or more than one answer: 0 marks Section B (50% of marks): There are five questions. Attempt THREE of the five questions only. Each question is of equal weighting. You are advised to spend 15 minutes on each question. At the end of the examination leave your question paper, computer answer sheet and your answer book on your desk for collection by the invigilator. ORT 215 1

13 Section A: 20 Questions removed prior to publication Section B: Attempt THREE of the five questions only. 1. What biological, chemical and physical agents can cause damage to the tissues of the cornea? [100% of marks] 2. Red meat increases death, cancer and heart risk, says study BBC News March Why should a diet high in red meat increase the lifetime risk of cancer and heart disease? [30% of marks] With examples, explain the clinical and pathological processes that give rise to vascular disorders. [70% of marks] 3. What are the body s non-specific defences? [20% of marks] Explain how innate and specific immunity interact and the features that have developed to protect the body. [80% of marks] 4. Define apoptosis. [20% of marks] What are the clinical and pathological consequences of a failure of apoptosis during morphogenesis and in relation to the development of neoplasms? [40% of marks each] 5. Researchers grow teeth from gum cells BBC News March With examples explain how the ability to grow varies for different tissues. [60% of marks] Explain how it is theoretically feasible to grow teeth from gum cells. [40% of marks] END OF QUESTION PAPER ORT 215 2

14 ORT215 Ancillary Material: One computer answer sheet ACADEMIC UNIT OF OPHTHALMOLOGY & ORTHOPTICS August 2012 INTRODUCTORY PATHOLOGY 1 Hour 30 Minutes You are advised to use the 4 leaf answer book. Registration number from U-Card (9 digits). To be completed by Student Section A (50% of marks): There are twenty multiple choice questions Correct answer: 3 marks Incorrect answer: -1 mark Unanswered or more than one answer: 0 marks Section B (50% of marks): There are five questions. Attempt THREE of the five questions only. Each question is of equal weighting. You are advised to spend 15 minutes on each question. At the end of the examination leave your question paper, computer answer sheet and your answer book on your desk for collection by the invigilator. ORT 215 1

15 ORT215 SECTION A: 20 questions removed prior to publication SECTION B: Attempt THREE of the five questions only. 1. What are the features of (a) a granuloma [40% of marks] and (b) granulation tissue [40% of marks]? Give one example (in each case) of a circumstance in which such a reaction may occur [10% of marks each]. 2. What is meant by the term atrophy [40% of marks]? Give two examples each of a) physiological and b) pathological atrophy [60% of marks]. 3. What is metastasis? [20% of marks] Explain the differences in the clinical and pathological features of a benign neoplasm and a malignant neoplasm [80% of marks]. 4. What is autoimmune disease? [30% of marks] Describe briefly the clinical and pathological features of one important named autoimmune disease affecting ocular tissues. [70% of marks] 5. What is diabetes mellitus? [30% of marks] Describe the clinical and pathological consequences of diabetes mellitus, with specific reference to the eye. [70% of marks] END OF QUESTION PAPER ORT 215 2

16 ORT215 Ancillary Material: One computer answer sheet ACADEMIC UNIT OF OPHTHALMOLOGY & ORTHOPTICS Spring 2012 INTRODUCTORY PATHOLOGY 1 Hour 30 Minutes You are advised to use the 4 leaf answer book. Registration number from U-Card (9 digits). To be completed by Student Section A (50% of marks): There are twenty multiple choice questions Correct answer: 3 marks Incorrect answer: -1 mark Unanswered or more than one answer: 0 marks Section B (50% of marks): There are five questions. Attempt THREE of the five questions only. Each question is of equal weighting. You are advised to spend 15 minutes on each question. At the end of the examination leave your question paper, computer answer sheet and your answer book on your desk for collection by the invigilator. ORT215

17 ORT215 SECTION A 20 questions removed prior to publication SECTION B: Attempt THREE of the five questions only. 1. What process ensures that the balance between cell growth and death is maintained? [40% of marks] What are the clinical and pathological consequences of a failure to maintain this balance during morphogenesis and in relation to the development of neoplasms? [30% of marks each] 2. What is an ulcer [40% of marks]? Describe briefly what happens during the healing of a corneal ulcer. [60% of marks] 3. Red meat increases death, cancer and heart risk, says study BBC News March Why should a diet high in red meat increase the lifetime risk of cancer and heart disease? [30% of marks] With examples, explain the clinical and pathological processes that give rise to vascular disorders. [70% of marks] 4. A radioactive leak from a nuclear reactor is reported on the news. How should the local population be monitored? [10% of marks] What would be the expected short and long term clinical and pathological consequences of exposure to the whole body to different harmful levels of ionising radiation? [70% of marks] Provide two examples of the beneficial use of tissue irradiation in medicine. [20% of marks] 5. What are type I and type II hypersensitivity reactions [30% of marks]. Providing examples, what are the clinical and pathological consequences of these reactions and how specifically can they affect the eye? [70% of marks] END OF QUESTION PAPER ORT 215 2