General Pathology Theory Syllabus for II B.D.S.
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1 General Pathology Theory Syllabus for II B.D.S. Sr. No. Topic (Must Know) (Desirable to know) 1.Introduction to Pathology - Different sections in pathology - The Cell in health - Normal cell structure - The Cellular functions 2. Definitions & causes of diseases - Aetiology & Pathogenesis of diseases. -Genetic basis of diseases - Congenital /Acquired diseases -Morphological changes - Functional derangements & clinical manifestation. - Cellular response to stress & noxious stimuli 3. Mode of cell Injury -Different agents causing cell injury -Hypoxic /Chemical /physical injury. -Mechanism of reversible injury. -Mechanism of irreversible injury. 4 Cellular adaptations & intracellular accumulations -Reversible cell injury (Degeneration) -Fatty Change -Cloudy change -Hyaline change 5. Disturbances of pigment & mineral metabolism -Exogenous /Endogenous pigments -Dystrophic /metastatic calcification mecha., Causes etc.
2 6. Acute inflammation I - Types -Patterns of infla m -Causes,Historical aspects -Cellular events -Vascular events. 7. Acute inflammation II -Chemical mediators -Fate of inflammation 8. Chronic inflammation -Causes -Granulomatous inflammation. 9. Repair I -Repair -Regeneration -Healing by primary intension -Healing by secondary intension 10 Repair II -Types of fracture -Healing of a fracture -factors affecting wound healing. -complications of healing. 11 Necrosis / Gangrene -Def., Causes -Types of necrosis -Features of necrosis -Gangrene - Def y Dry/wet/gas -Cell cycle -Chemical Mediators Responsible Apoptosis 12. Thrombosis -Normal homeostasis - Def y of thrombus -Path physiology, Complications -Fate
3 13. Embolism. - Def y -Types -Effects 14.Infarction -Aetiology, Types -Changes in different organs. 15. Derangements of body fluids. Oedema Pathogenesis. - Different Types -Clinical manifestations. 16. Disorders of circulation. Hyperemia - Def h Types, Causes. CPVC, different Organs Shock - Different types -Pathogenesis - Morphologic changes 17. Amyloidosis. - Chemical nature -Morphology of Organs -Physical nature -Special stains. 18. Hypersensitivity reaction /Transplant Rejection - Humoral & cellular immunity - Mecha h of hypersensitivity reactions Type I-IV - Mecha h of transplant rejection 19. Leprosy -Epidemiology -Pathology -Types
4 21. Syphilis. -Epidemiology -Types /Stages -Pathological features 22. Tuberculosis I -Epidemiology, Pathogenesis. -BCG vaccine /Tuberculin Test -Lesions of primary TB. 23. Tuberculosis II -Secondary TB Lesions - Complications -Extra pulmonary TB 24. Fungal Diseases -Etiological agents -Types of lesions -Morphology 25. Adaptive Disorders -Atrophy -Hypertrophy / Hyperplasia -Metaplasia / Dysplasia. 27. Neoplasia Nomenclature - Def h -Terminology -Difference between benign & malignant tumors 28. Neoplasia - Carcinogenesis -Epidemiology -incidence -Geographic & environmental factors -Molecular basis of cancer
5 29. Neoplasia -Carcinogenesis -Different Carcinogenic agents -Chemical Carcinogenesis -Radiation Carcinogenesis -Microbial Carcinogenesis 30. Neoplasia Staging & Spread. -Mechanism of invasion & metastasis. -Grading & staging of tumors -Paraneoplastic syndromes 31.Lab diagnosis of cancer -Histologic & cytologic methods -IHC -Molecular diagnosis -Tumors markers Recent Advances In Diagnosis 32.Tumors of oral cavity & skin - Pigmented & non pigmented tumors of skin -Precancerous lesions of oral cavity -Squamous cell carcinoma -Basal Cell carcinoma -Malignant melanoma. 33. Diseases of salivary glands -Normal structure -Sialadenitis -Mukulicz disease -Tumors of salivary gland 34. Diabetes Mellitus - Def h -Pathogenesis - clinical features -Pathology of different organs -GTT
6 35.Atherosclerosis -Pathogenesis -Complications 36. Other Diseases of oral carity -Lichen Planus -Leukoplakia -Dental caries -Dentigerous Cyst 37. Common Diseases of bone -osteomyelitis -Metabolic bone diseases -Tumors of jaw 38.Diseases of CVS -Cardiac Failure -IHD -Endocarditis etc. -Congenital Heart Diseases 39. Hypertension - Def h, classification - Effects on various organs -Pathophysiology 40. Aids
7 Hematology (Must Know) (Desirable to know) 1 Introduction to hematology & haemopoiesis. -Normal development of blood cells. -Origin & differentiation of haemopoietic cells -General aspects of bld. Disorders -Blood Indices. 2.Classification & general features of anaemia -Etiological /Pathophysiological Classification -Morphological classification -General features of anemia 3. Microcytic anaemias -Iron deficiency anemia - Iron metabolism -Morphology -Lab. Diagnosis -Differential diagnosis. 4.Macrocytic Anaemias -Causes of Macrocytosis -Megaloblastic anemia -B 12 deficiency -folate deficiency -Morphology PBS, B.M. -Lab. Diagnosis. 5.Hemolytic anemia -Features.classification -Intravascular & extra vascular haemolysis -signs of haemolysis. sickle cell anemia Thalassemia Diagnosis.Acute Leukemia I -Aetiopathogenesis. -AML
8 7. AC. Leukemia II ALL C/F & Lab diagnosis of Ac. Leukemia 8. Chronic Leukemia. -Aetiopathogenesis -Morphology CMC,CLL -Lab. Diagnosis. 9.Other WBC & RBC disorders -Leukocytosis -Leukaemoid reaction -Leucopenia - Polycythemia 10.Hemorrhagic Disorder I -Coagulation cascade of bleeding disorders. -Disorder related to thrombocytopenia, defective platelet function. 11.Hemorrhagic disorder II -Related to clotting factor abnormality. -Hemophilia A,B. -vw Disease. -DIC -Lab diagnosis 12.Blood groups -Historical aspects -Importance 13.Blood transfusion -Selection of donor - Different blood group system -Blood components -Cross matching -Transfusion reactions - Diseases Transmitted
9 List of Practical Syllabus for II BDS General Pathology:- 1. Tissue processing and microscopy 2. Identification of cells and special stains 3. Intracellular accumulations 4. Acute inflammation 5. Chronic inflammation 6. Necrosis, infarction and gangrene 7. Thrombosis, embolism, hyperemia and oedema 8. Pigments, Amyloid, calcification 9. Tuberculosis 10. Leprosy and syphilis 11. Neoplasia-growth disturbances & benign Neoplasia 12. Neoplasia- non pigmented skin tumours, adenocarcinoma 13. Neoplasia- pigmented skin tumours, sarcomas Clinical Pathology:- 1. Collection of blood, bulbs & needles 2. Haemopoesis 3. Hemoglobin estimation 4. Total WBC count 5. DLC & Peripheral Blood Smear Examination 6. Investigation of anaemia 7. Leukaemia 8. Blood grouping & blood transfusion 9. Investigation of haemmorhagic disorders 10. Urine examination
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