Insecta MundiA Journal of World Insect Systematics

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1 Insecta MundiA Journal of World Insect Systematics 0686 Description of a new species of Melanesiandra Santos-Silva et al. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Parandrinae) found in Vanuatu Shunsuke Kakinuma Laboratory of Ethology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Saiwai-cho 3-5-8, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, , Japan Date of issue: January 25, 2019 Center for Systematic Entomology, Inc., Gainesville, FL

2 Shunsuke Kakinuma Description of a new species of Melanesiandra Santos-Silva et al. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Parandrinae) found in Vanuatu Insecta Mundi 0686: 1 5 ZooBank Registered: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:32242ccc-bd50-4dc8-911b-7de85f249e4e Published in 2019 by Center for Systematic Entomology, Inc. P.O. Box Gainesville, FL USA Insecta Mundi is a journal primarily devoted to insect systematics, but articles can be published on any non-marine arthropod. Topics considered for publication include systematics, taxonomy, nomenclature, checklists, faunal works, and natural history. Insecta Mundi will not consider works in the applied sciences (i.e. medical entomology, pest control research, etc.), and no longer publishes book reviews or editorials. Insecta Mundi publishes original research or discoveries in an inexpensive and timely manner, distributing them free via open access on the internet on the date of publication. Insecta Mundi is referenced or abstracted by several sources, including the Zoological Record and CAB Abstracts. Insecta Mundi is published irregularly throughout the year, with completed manuscripts assigned an individual number. Manuscripts must be peer reviewed prior to submission, after which they are reviewed by the editorial board to ensure quality. One author of each submitted manuscript must be a current member of the Center for Systematic Entomology. Guidelines and requirements for the preparation of manuscripts are available on the Insecta Mundi website at Chief Editor: David Plotkin, insectamundi@gmail.com Assistant Editor: Paul E. Skelley, insectamundi@gmail.com Head Layout Editor: Robert G. Forsyth Editorial Board: J. H. Frank, M. J. Paulsen, Michael C. Thomas Review Editors: Listed on the Insecta Mundi webpage Printed copies (ISSN ) annually deposited in libraries CSIRO, Canberra, ACT, Australia Museu de Zoologia, São Paulo, Brazil Agriculture and Agrifood Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada The Natural History Museum, London, UK Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii PAN, Warsaw, Poland National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Gainesville, FL, USA Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia Electronic copies (Online ISSN , CDROM ISSN ) in PDF format Printed CD or DVD mailed to all members at end of year. Archived digitally by Portico. Florida Virtual Campus: University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Digital Commons: Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main: Copyright held by the author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons, Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. Layout Editor for this article: Robert G. Forsyth

3 0686: Description of a new species of Melanesiandra Santos-Silva et al. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Parandrinae) found in Vanuatu Shunsuke Kakinuma Laboratory of Ethology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Saiwai-cho 3-5-8, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, , Japan Shunsuke.Kakinuma@gmail.com Abstract. Melanesiandra anatomensis Kakinuma, new species (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Parandrinae), found in Aneityum Island (Vanuatu), is described and illustrated. An updated key is presented to separate the six known species of the genus. Key words. South Pacific, Melanesia, Aneityum, Anatom. Introduction Melanesiandra Santos-Silva, Heffern and Matsuda, 2010 is a small genus of longhorn beetles in the tribe Parandrini (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Parandrinae), distributed in Melanesia (Papua New Guinea, including Bougainville Island, Solomon Islands and Fiji). Currently, there are five described species (Santos-Silva 2011). In the present paper, the first species of Melanesiandra from Aneityum Island, Vanuatu is described. This new species is also the first species of Parandrinae from Vanuatu, and the southernmost record of Melanesiandra. This new species belongs to Melanesiandra due to major males with falciform mandibles, with the latero-outer face narrow, eyes clearly narrower and more distinct in males than in females, and dorsal surface of the head with gibbosities between eyes. Materials and Methods Photographs were taken using an Olympus OM-D E-M1 Mark II with a M.ZUIKO DIGITAL ED 60 mm F2.8 Macro or a Canon MP-E 65 mm 1 5 macro lens and KIPON EF-MFT AF, and subsequently stacked using CombineZP software. The male aedeagus was preserved in Euparal as described by Maruyama (2004) before photographing. Total length is measured from the apex of mandibles to the apex of elytra. Width is measured across the widest part of the pronotum. Terminology of the species description follows Santos-Silva et al. (2010) and Santos-Silva (2011). The following institutions and private collections provided specimens or are designated as the repository for specimens examined in this study. FSCA Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Gainesville, FL, USA MZSP Museum of Zoology, University of São Paulo, Brazil NMNS National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Japan SKC Shunsuke Kakinuma Collection, Saitama, Japan Taxonomic Treatment Melanesiandra anatomensis Kakinuma, new species (Fig. 1 11) Type material. Holotype male, deposited at NMNS, labeled: VANUATU: Tafea Prov., Aneityum Island, near Anelghowhat, 20.II Allotype female, deposited at NMNS, same data as holotype. Paratypes (nine males, eight females), deposited at FSCA, MZSP, SKC, same data as holotype.

4 2 Insecta Mundi 0686, January 2019 Kakinuma Description. Holotype male (Fig. 1 3). Length: 18.4 mm. Width: 5.1 mm. Color: Shining chestnut; lateral sides of head, edge of inner teeth of mandibles, margins of labrum and pronotum, and elytral suture darker; legs and palpi light brown. Head: Size large in relation to body, width of head plus eyes slightly narrower than width of anterior edge of prothorax and elytra. Dorsal surface with fine, moderate punctures on gibbosities; punctures sparser behind gibbosities; punctures denser, larger around eyes; area between gibbosities and ocular carina weakly depressed, smooth; longitudinal furrow shallow. Middle area of clypeus oblique, weakly convex, fused with labrum centrally. Central projection of labrum distinct, wide, with smaller projection on each side; labrum sparsely, shallowly punctate, with very short setae. Eyes barely emarginate, as in paratype (Fig. 9). Mandibles falciform, longer than head; inner margin with rectangular pre-median tooth, and triangular post-median tooth, not adjoined; inner surface sparsely, shallowly punctate, with long setae around base of teeth; outer surface moderately densely punctate; dorsal carina elevated. Submentum glabrous; clearly delimited by fine suture, depressed near mentum, coarsely, deeply, abundantly punctate; punctures finer and sparser near posterior edge. Antennae reaching lateral angles of prothorax; antennomeres III XI carinate ventrally; carina elevated and clearly visible from sides, as in paratype (Fig. 10). Pronotum: Form convex. Surface with punctation fine, shallow and sparse on center of disc, becoming gradually coarser and denser laterally, especially toward anterolateral angles; anterior margin slightly sinuous, anterolateral angles weakly projected forward; lateral angles slightly indicated; posterolateral angle well-marked; lateral margins nearly parallel-sided from anterolateral angles to lateral angles, then convergent toward posterolateral angles. Elytra: Surface somewhat finely, moderately abundantly punctate. Elytral carinae absent. Metasternum: Surface with very fine, shallow, sparse punctures. Legs: Metatarsus (excluding claws) almost as long as metatibia (excluding apical spines); metatarsomere V longer than I III together. Male genitalia (Fig. 11 paratype). Median lobe forming flattened tube, with two elongate struts at base; parameres forming ring, with pair of pointed processes, in dorsal view, separate near base. Allotype female (Fig. 4 6). Length: 17.9 mm. Width: 5.0 mm. Differs from holotype male in the following characters: Head much narrower than in male; central projection of labrum small, narrow, without small projection on each side. Mandibles sub-falciform; much shorter than in male; pre-median and post-median teeth together adjoined, forming wide and undulated tooth. Pronotum with lateral margins weakly arcuate from anterolateral angles to lateral angles; anterolateral angles projected forward, stronger than in male. Variation in paratypes. Males. Length: mm. Width: mm. Head: Major males (Fig. 7): mandibles longer; inner teeth more widely separated, pre-median teeth narrower. Central projection of labrum more distinct. Minor males (Fig. 8): mandibles shorter; sub-falciform; inner teeth of mandibles adjoined. Central projection of labrum less distinct. Females. Length: mm. Width: mm. Males and females. Elytra: Elytral carinae barely marked in some paratypes, regardless of sex or body size. Diagnosis. Melanesiandra anatomensis is easily distinguished from other species of the genus except M. striatifrons (Fairmaire) in having antennomeres III XI carinate. The new species differs from M. striatifrons as follows: in males, central projection of labrum distinct and wide, with small projection on each side; mandibles slightly thicker; pronotum with lateral margins nearly parallel-sided from anterolateral angles to lateral angles; in females, central projection of labrum slightly larger; anterolateral angles of pronotum more weakly projected. In males of M. striatifrons, central projection of labrum truncate and with concavity at apex, mandibles slightly thinner; pronotum with lateral margins convergent from anterolateral angles to posterolateral angles; in females of M. striatifrons, central projection of labrum slightly smaller; anterolateral angles of pronotum a little strongly projected. Etymology. The name refers to the island of Anatom, also known as Aneityum, the type locality of the species.

5 New species of Melanesiandra Insecta Mundi 0686, January Key to the species of Melanesiandra (adapted from Santos-Silva 2011) 1. Antennomeres III XI carinate, the carina elevated and clearly visible from sides... 2 At least antennomere III not carinate (1). Male with central projection of labrum distinct with a small projection on each side. Vanuatu (Aneityum)... M. anatomensis Kakinuma, new species Male with central projection of labrum truncate and with concavity at apex. Fiji (Viti Levu, Vanua Levu, and Ovalau)... M. striatifrons (Fairmaire) 3(1). Labrum of male strongly convex. Solomon Islands (Santa Ana and Santa Isabel Islands) M. solomonensis (Arigony) Labrum of male not convex (3). Male with median projection of labrum distinctly narrowed apically. Papua New Guinea M. birai Santos-Silva et al. Male with median projection of labrum somewhat rounded apically (4). Antennomere XI not carinate; male with posterolateral angles of the prothorax acute, distinctly projecting. Solomon Islands (Guadalcanal Island).... M. barclayi Santos-Silva Antennomere XI at least partially carinate; male with posterolateral angles of the prothorax rounded, not projecting. Papua New Guinea (Bougainville Island), Solomon Islands (San Cristobal Island and Santa Isabel Island)... M. bougainvillensis Santos-Silva et al. Discussion The subfamily Parandrinae is relatively well studied taxonomically and easily distinguishable from other Cerambycidae, but Melanesiandra anatomensis new species has been overlooked until this study. This discovery suggests that Vanuatuan beetle fauna has not yet been adequately revealed. To deeply understand the biodiversity of Vanuatu, it is necessary to not only conduct more research with specimens deposited in museums, research institutions, and private collections, but also to conduct exhaustive field surveys. This new species is recorded only from Aneityum, the southernmost island of Vanuatu, but it may be found from the other islands of Vanuatu through further research. Acknowledgments I would like to express the deepest appreciation to Mr. Showtaro Kakizoe (Kyushu University), who kindly took the photographs used for this paper and provided me with valuable comments on the manuscript. I am grateful to Dr. M.J. Paulsen (University of Nebraska State Museum) for critical reading and correcting the manuscript. I thank Dr. Antonio Santos-Silva (University of São Paulo) and Dr. Steven W. Lingafelter (University of Arizona Insect Collection) for reviewing the manuscript. I also thank Dr. Toshiyuki Satoh and Dr. Satoshi Koyama (Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology) for their support on my studies. Literature Cited Maruyama, M A permanent slide under a specimen. Elytra 32(2): 276. Santos-Silva, A A new species of Parandrinae from the Solomon Islands (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 87(1): Santos-Silva, A., D. Heffern, and K. Matsuda Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 0130: Received November 7, 2018; accepted December 17, Review editor Gareth S. Powell.

6 4 Insecta Mundi 0686, January 2019 Kakinuma Figures 1 6. Melanesiandra anatomensis Kakinuma, new species. 1) Male holotype, dorsal habitus. 2) Ventral view. 3) Lateral view. 4) Female allotype, dorsal habitus. 5) Ventral view. 6) Lateral view.

7 New species of Melanesiandra Insecta Mundi 0686, January Figures Melanesiandra anatomensis Kakinuma, new species, male paratypes. 7) Major male, dorsal habitus. 8) Minor male, dorsal habitus. 9) Head, lateral view. 10) Antennomere VIII XI. 11) Aedeagus.

8 6 Insecta Mundi 0686, January 2019 Kakinuma