On formal notation of the teleological structure of law
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1 On formal notation of the teleological structure of law Vytautas ČYRAS Vilnius University, Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics, Lithuania and Friedrich LACHMAYER University of Innsbruck, Faculty of Law, Austria
2 Motivation; context Teleological statements are especially found in the legislative workflow governmental drafting; parliamentarian decisions; publication of the valid laws Law and Artificial Intelligence (AI) different methodological paradigms T. Bench-Capon, W. Bibel, J. Breuker, T.Gordon, C. Hafner & H.Berman, J.Hage, G.Sartor, B.Verheij etc Approaches: Via natural language Via formal notation Characterization of legal order: many implicit and rare explicit teleological structures IVR 2007, Krakow Čyras & Lachmayer 2
3 Teleological structures in context Goal is not among them!? Why? However, in G. Sartor, 2006 Fundamental legal concepts Teleology Berman & Hafner 1993; Bench-Capon; Prakken; Sartor etc in AI and Law journal, Vol. 10 (2002), Nos.1-2 Goals Interests, values Purposes, policies Intentions of a legislator IVR 2007, Krakow Čyras & Lachmayer 3
4 The proposed notation 1. The basic element A 2. The target-element G 3. The teleological relation te The proposed notation is: A te G A legal act A aims at a goal G The speech act: TE-statement( ) TE-Statement ( A legal act A aims at a goal G ) IVR 2007, Krakow Čyras & Lachmayer 4
5 Different semantics of teleology Different taxonomies: TE-statement-legal( ) TE-statement-political( ) TE-statement-scientific( ) Different time horizon: A te-short-term G A te-medium-term G A te-long-term G IVR 2007, Krakow Čyras & Lachmayer 5
6 Illustration (1) A goal G is achieved by a legal act A1 (2) A goal G is achieved by a legal act A2 (3) A legal act A1 implies less quantitative restrictions (QR) than A2 (1) A1 te G (2) A2 te G (3) A1 QR< A2 IVR 2007, Krakow Čyras & Lachmayer 6
7 Theory of relations Binary relation: Infix notation A te G Prefix notation TE(A,G) Theory of relations in mathematics and computer science is well developed A binary relation R(x,y) is defined as Cartesian product, i.e. a set of pairs: {(x,y) x X, y Y} In relational algebra, a binary relation is represented as a two-column table, e.g. Theory of relations in law? A1 A2 Act G G Goal IVR 2007, Krakow Čyras & Lachmayer 7
8 Meta-Regulation Normator Norm Legal System Subsumption Condition Actor Action Result IVR 2007, Krakow Čyras & Lachmayer 8
9 Metanorm Normator Norm Legal System Subsumption Condition Actor Action Result explicit / implicit Teleological Relations IVR 2007, Krakow Čyras & Lachmayer 9
10 Metanorm Normator Norm Legal System Subsumption Condition Actor Action Result political short term TE-STATEMENT (A te B) legal medium t. IVR 2007, Krakow Čyras & Lachmayer 10 dogmatical long term
11 Qualification-Norm Qualificator Qualification Interpretation Imposition Metanorm Normator Norm Subsumption Legal System Substratum Projectat Condition Actor Action Result IVR 2007, Krakow Čyras & Lachmayer 11
12 Qualification-Norm Qualificator Qualification Interpretation Imposition Metanorm Normator Norm Subsumption Legal System Substratum Projectat Condition Actor Action Result political short term TE-STATEMENT (A te B) legal medium t. IVR 2007, Krakow Čyras & Lachmayer 12 dogmatical long term
13 Taxonomies: Entity Human Being Res Animal Qualification-Norm Metanorm Qualificator Normator Interpretation Qualification Imposition Subsumption Norm Substratum Projectat Condition Actor Action Result Human Image Human Rights IVR 2007, Krakow Čyras & Lachmayer 13
14 Interpretation Norms Teleology IVR 2007, Krakow Čyras & Lachmayer 14
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