ABOUT THE ABDA GERMAN PHARMACIES FIGURES, DATA, FACTS 2018
|
|
- Janel Collins
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1
2 ABOUT THE ABDA»» The ABDA Federal Union of German Associations of Pharmacists is the foremost organisation for pharmacists in Germany. The ABDA represents the interests of the pharmaceutical healthcare professions in politics and society while promoting high-quality, comprehensive pharmaceutical care in Germany.»» The ABDA has 34 members: 17 regional chambers of pharmacists and 17 regional associations of pharmacists one from each of Germany s 16 federal states plus an additional representative from North Rhine-Westphalia which has been divided into North Rhine and Westphalia-Lippe due to its size.»» The 17 chambers of the Federal Chamber of Pharmacists (BAK) and the 17 associations in the German Pharmacists Association (DAV) are combined under one roof in ABDA. Membership in the Chamber of Pharmacists is mandatory for all pharmacists while membership in associations for pharmacy owners, on the other hand, is voluntary.»» ABDA s Executive Board is composed of 13 members: the president, the vice president, an employed pharmacist from a community pharmacy along with five members each from the BAK and DAV executive boards.»» The annual general assembly for pharmacists takes place once per year as part of German Pharmacist Day. The annual general assembly is used to form political positions. Its resolutions are binding for the ABDA committees actions.»» The offices of ABDA, BAK and DAV are in Berlin and are run by the general manager. In addition to the four business areas, a) pharmacy, b) pharmaceuticals, c) economics and d) law, there are staff positions for a) finances, personnel and administration, b) communications and c) European affairs.»» European representation for ABDA is headquartered in Brussels (Belgium) and is responsible for representing its interests in European Union (EU) institutions.»» The ABDA is a member of the German Federation of Independent Professionals (BFB), the Pharmaceutical Group of the European Union (PGEU), and the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP).»» The ABDA receives professional support from many institutions, including the Drug Commission of German Pharmacists (AMK), the German Institute for Drug Use Evaluation (DAPI) as well as the Central Laboratory of German Pharmacists (ZL). 2 GERMAN PHARMACIES FIGURES, DATA, FACTS 2018
3 PHARMACIES IN GERMANY»» The red pharmacy A (with chalice and snake) is the identifying symbol for community pharmacies in Germany. This registered trademark of the German Pharmacists Association (DAV) enjoys special legal protection throughout Germany and Europe.»» In order to work as a pharmacist in Germany, one must study for 5 years at university: 2 years each of basic and main studies and 1 year of practical training. Each course of study ends with a state examination. Upon successful completion, one must apply for a license to practice pharmacy, which is authorisation to exercise the profession.»» Pharmacists with a foreign pharmaceutical diploma or certificate need to have it recognised prior to starting to work. There is a responsible authority for the recognition in every federal state. The responsible authority will check the equivalency level of the qualification. If there are significant divergences in the qualification, the responsible authority might propose measures to compensate the gaps. Moreover, applicants need to give proof of their language skills in German. Additionally, citizens from outside the European Union (EU) or the European Economic Area (EEA) will need a work and residence permit and eventually a visa for entry, residence and employment in Germany.»» Pharmacists in Germany are not only part of the healthcare professions (like doctors) and freelance professions (such as architects), but also pharmacy owners which means they are also merchants who are therefore required to pay business taxes.»» Freedom of establishment has been created for pharmacists in Germany. According to this principle, a pharmacist may establish a pharmacy anywhere and anytime, provided that he complies with the law. This also means that no pharmacist is protected from unwanted competition in the vicinity.»» In Germany, the owner / operator of a pharmacy must always be a pharmacist. This third-party ownership ban emphasises a pharmacist s personal responsibility and liability and decouples the provisioning of pharmaceuticals from corporate profit goals.»» The ownership of multiple pharmacies is forbidden in Germany. However, a pharmacist may, in addition to the main pharmacy, operate up to three subsidiary pharmacies in the nearby local vicinity. Each of these locations must also have a pharmacist in place as subsidiary manager. There are no pharmacy chains in Germany.»» Selling pharmaceuticals via mail order is allowed in Germany. Approved mail-order pharmacies are normal community pharmacies with a special mail-order permit. According to a list from the Federal Ministry of Health, the mail-order trade is also allowed from a few other European countries.»» Prices for prescription-only pharmaceuticals are uniform nationwide; this is stipulated by the Drug Price Ordinance to protect patients and pharmacists. However the European Court of Justice undermined this law in 2016 when it ruled that foreign mailorder pharmacies may grant discounts on nationwide fixed prices. In contrast, all pharmacies are free to set their own price for non-prescription medications.»» The pharmacist s fee for consultation on a prescription medication is regulated by the Drug Price Ordinance. Broadly speaking, this is a fixed fee of 8.35 euros per package. Each pharmacist may calculate their own fee for non-prescription pharmaceuticals.»» Pharmacists in Germany assume an obligation for the common good of society. This is not individually remunerated but, rather, it is individually subsidised. This includes creating formulations, dispensing narcotic substances and performing comprehensive evening and emergency services. GERMAN PHARMACIES FIGURES, DATA, FACTS
4 MAP OF GERMANY DENMARK BALTIC SEA NORTH SEA Kiel SCHLESWIG- HOLSTEIN Hamburg HAMBURG MECKLENBURG- WESTERN POMERANIA Schwerin THE NETHERLANDS Bremen BREMEN POLAND LOWER SAXONY Berlin BERLIN Münster WESTPHALIA-LIPPE Hanover Magdeburg Potsdam BRANDENBURG SAXONY-ANHALT Düsseldorf Erfurt SAXONY NORTH RHINE HESSE THURINGIA Dresden BELGIUM LUXEM- BOURG RHINELAND- PALATINATE Mainz Wiesbaden CZECH REPUBLIC SAARLAND Saarbrücken Stuttgart BAVARIA FRANCE BADEN-WUERTTEMBERG Munich AUSTRIA SWITZERLAND 4 GERMAN PHARMACIES FIGURES, DATA, FACTS 2018
5 APOTHEKE 2030 PERSPECTIVE PAPER»» The policy paper Pharmacy 2030 Perspectives on provision of pharmacy services in Germany ( Apotheke 2030 ), was adopted by a vast majority on German Pharmacist Day 2014 in Munich. This was preceded by an opinion-forming process in which several thousand pharmacists participated over the course of an entire year.»» The preamble reads as follows: Pharmacists in Germany are experts in pharmaceuticals. Based on this core competency, they make an indispensable contribution to patients well-being in outpatient care. As freelance health professionals, they carry out their legal mandate of comprehensive pharmaceutical provisioning to the German public via public, owner-operated pharmacies.»» The healthcare system in Germany faces great challenges such as demography, a lack of professionals and financial pressure on resources. Therefore, for the benefit of our patients, the healthcare role of the pharmacy must be actively defined so that healthcare may maintain a key role in the future as well.»» Apotheke 2030 describes how the pharmacy s role and range of services should be advanced as a pillar of the healthcare system. Essentially, it concerns ways in which pharmacies may strengthen their role in healthcare while collaborating as part of a network with doctors and other specialised professionals thus making true medication management for patients possible.»» Three issues are at the forefront when strategically implementing the document: First, pharmacists must define the correct way in which to systematically implement medication management. Secondly, provisioning frameworks must be adapted for the future. Thirdly, pharmacists must determine what the future holds regarding pharmacist qualification (education, advanced and continuing education).»» Pharmacies in Germany wish to continue offering medication management as a crucial instrument for safe, effective and economical pharmaceutical therapy in the future. In so doing, all of a patient s medication, including self-medication, will be continually analysed. The goal is to avoid, detect, and solve problems related to pharmaceuticals and, in so doing, increase the effectiveness and efficiency of pharmaceutical therapy.»» Pharmacists wish to collaborate collegially both among each other and with other healthcare professions as part of a healthcare network. Pharmacies will actively co-design the healthcare network with clearly defined competencies and interfaces. As an integral component of the network, they will assume responsibility for pharmaceuticals, the safety of pharmaceutical therapy and the optimization of practices. GERMAN PHARMACIES FIGURES, DATA, FACTS
6 CONTENTS PHARMACIES PROVISION, SUPPLY AND SERVICES Overview of Patient Care and Services...9 Night-time and Emergency Service...10 Formulations...12 Standard Formulations...13 PHARMACY LANDSCAPE Number of Pharmacies...14 Pharmacy Numbers by German Federal State...15 Geographical Coverage...16 Pharmacy Density in Europe...17 Subsidiary Structure...18 Specific Types of Pharmacies...19 Mail Order Trade EMPLOYMENT IN PHARMACY Number and Age of Pharmacists...21 Jobs in Pharmacies Trainee Positions in Pharmacies...23 Pharmacy Students and Approbations...24 Professional Language Proficiency Exams for Foreign Pharmacists Continuing Professional Education and Postgraduate Specialisation...27 PHARMACEUTICALS IN GERMANY Pharmaceuticals Approved in Germany Pharmaceutical Price Index Value-Added Tax on Pharmaceuticals Pharmaceuticals Pricing...31 Pricing for Standard Formulations...32 PHARMACEUTICALS IN STATUTORY HEALTH INSURANCE (SHI) Breakdown of Total SHI Expenditures Miscellaneous Health Insurance Fund Expenditures SHI Expenditures for Pharmaceuticals Pharmaceuticals by Price Classes Pharmacy and Manufacturer Markdowns...37 Rebate Pharmaceuticals... 38
7 Patient Co-Payments...39 Co-Payment Exemptions...40 QUALITY ASSURANCE Guidelines and Working Aids...41 AMK: Reporting of Pharmaceutical Risks...42 Quality Assurance of Formulations Challenges Involving Polymedication Risks Involving Pharmaceutical Misuse...46 SPECIFIC COVERAGE AREAS Pharmaceuticals for Serious Illnesses Medical Cannabis...49 Antibiotics Antidiabetics...51 Blood Sugar Testing Strips...52 Consultation-Intensive Pharmaceuticals Pharmaceuticals with Specific Requirements OTC Pharmaceuticals: Leading Indication Areas Non-Prescription Pharmaceuticals: Special Treatment Services and Therapies Green Prescriptions...57 Dispensing of Emergency Contraceptives Provision of Medical Aids...59 Vaccines OPERATING RESULTS Prerequisites for the Operation of a Pharmacy...62 Operating Results for the Average Pharmacy...63 Development of Pharmacy Remuneration...64 Pharmacies by Sales Volume Categories...65 Sales Structure and Dispensed Packages Supplementary Products Commonly Found in Pharmacies Pharmacy Climate Index LEGAL NOTICE The following may contain variations in totals due to the rounding of figures.
8
9 PHARMACIES PROVISION, SUPPLY AND SERVICES OVERVIEW OF PATIENT CARE AND SERVICES Pharmacies have the legal mandate to ensure the provision of pharmaceuticals to the population. This applies to each individual pharmacy as well as to a comprehensive distribution of pharmacies throughout Germany. As well as providing pre-packaged medications, pharmacies fulfil obligations to the common good, such as, night-time and emergency services or the preparation of formulations. 19,748 community pharmacies provide medication to the population in Germany. (as of 31st December 2017) 1 billion patient interactions in community pharmacies every year. 3.6 million patients are served in community pharmacies each day. 250,000 delivery services are performed daily. 6 million 88 % industrially manufactured pharmaceuticals inspected by pharmacists annually. of patients who regularly take three or more medications usually patronize the same pharmacy. 83 % of German citizens have faith and trust in pharmacists. Source: ABDA-Statistik, Forsa Gesellschaft für Sozialforschung und statistische Analyse mbh, infas Institut für angewandte Sozialwissenschaft GmbH GERMAN PHARMACIES FIGURES, DATA, FACTS
10 PHARMACIES PROVISION, SUPPLY AND SERVICES NIGHT-TIME AND EMERGENCY SERVICE Night-time and emergency services are one of the most important services performed for the common good of society. The chamber of pharmacists responsible for each region regularly defines and assigns these service duties to each pharmacy according to need. Pharmacies receive additional remuneration for the performance of these services. This is paid for out of the Emergency Service Fund of the German Pharmacists Association. Apothekenfinder is a service for assisting patients in quickly and easily finding the nearest available (emergency-) pharmacy. Night-time and Emergency Services in ,000 of these full shift (8 P.M. 6 A.M.) 410,000 partial shift 60,000 Open Pharmacies per Night-time and Emergency Shift 1,300 Patients Served per Night-time and Emergency Shift 20,000 The number of emergency shifts performed by each pharmacy varies. An example taken from the state of Bavaria: a pharmacy in the city of Munich has 14 shifts annually. During the same period, one in the comparatively rural community of Rothenburg performs these services 74 times. Prescriptions without Emergency Service Fees for SHI Insured 2017 Many patients visit pharmacies during night-time and emergency service hours because of urgent self-medication needs (e. g. morning after pill ) or to fill prescriptions. These include, for instance, private prescriptions or pink prescriptions charged to the SHI. If a doctor performing emergency services has marked the noctu (lat. night) field on the pink prescription, the patient is not required to pay the emergency service fee of 2.50 euros and the fee is, in these cases, covered by their insurance fund. In 2017, this service provision was utilized by patients when filling prescriptions for nearly two million packages. Total 1,910,000 Packages non-prescription pharmaceuticals 540,000 prescription-only pharmaceuticals 1,370,000 Sources: Nacht- und Notdienstfonds, aponet.de, Deutsches Arzneiprüfungsinstitut e. V. (DAPI) 10 GERMAN PHARMACIES FIGURES, DATA, FACTS 2018
11 PHARMACIES PROVISION, SUPPLY AND SERVICES Emergency service fee per full shift performed in euros st Quarter 2nd Quarter 3rd Quarter 4th Quarter 2016 Average: 275 euros 2017 Average: 277 euros Apothekenfinder service for assisting patients in finding the nearest available (emergency-) pharmacy Smartphone App Use (580,000) Telephone, Text Message and Mobile (350,000) Visits in million (12.2 million) Sources: aponet.de, Nacht- und Notdienstfonds GERMAN PHARMACIES FIGURES, DATA, FACTS
12 PHARMACIES PROVISION, SUPPLY AND SERVICES FORMULATIONS In many cases, there are no ready-made pharmaceuticals for a patient s specific pharmaceutical needs. Pharmacies fill this gap by providing extemporaneous preparations as per a doctor s prescription. In 2016, a total of 13.3 million formulations were prepared for those insured under statutory health insurance (SHI). in millions Individually prepared parenteral solutions Cytostatic preparations Methadone preparations Standard formulations Sources: Wissenschaftliches Institut der AOK (WIdO) 12 GERMAN PHARMACIES FIGURES, DATA, FACTS 2018
13 PHARMACIES PROVISION, SUPPLY AND SERVICES STANDARD FORMULATIONS Each year pharmacies prepare more than seven million standard formulations according to doctors prescriptions for SHI-insured patients. Whether it be skin cream or fever suppositories, all pharmacies are able to prepare these individually according to the patient s needs. Children, in particular, benefit from this; for instance, when a medication is not available as a pre-packaged pharmaceutical at a certain dosage. Many pensioners and seniors also require special preparations. Standard Formulations by Age Groups number per 1,000 SHI insured Children (under 15 years) Youth (15 to under 20 years) Adults (20 to under 65 years) Seniors (65 years and older) ø All SHI insured (average) Source: Deutsches Arzneiprüfungsinstitut e. V. (DAPI) GERMAN PHARMACIES FIGURES, DATA, FACTS
14 PHARMACY LANDSCAPE NUMBER OF PHARMACIES The number of community pharmacies in Germany has been in decline since 2009 (highest level 2008: 21,602). At the end of 2017, it reached 19,748, its lowest point since the late 1980s. The causes of this include healthcarerelated political conditions as well as competition among individual pharmacies. Comprehensive pharmaceutical care for the population remains, however, unthreatened Number of Pharmacies (incl. subsidiaries) 19,898 21,119 21,592 21,476 21,441 20,249 20,023 19,748 of which are Main / Individual Pharmacies * 19,898 21,119 21,592 20,248 17,963 15,968 15,607 15,236 Subsidiaries 1,228 3,478 4,281 4,416 4,512 New Openings Closings Development / Change ,000 21,000 20,000 19,898 20,108 20,350 20,648 20,903 21,119 21,290 21,457 21,556 21,590 21,592 21,569 21,465 21,305 21,392 21,476 21,551 21,570 21,602 21,548 21,441 21,238 20,921 20,662 20,441 20,249 20,023 19, year-end statistics * Pharmacies with an operating licence pursuant to Section 2 of the German Pharmacies Act [Apothekengesetz] Source: ABDA-Statistik 14 GERMAN PHARMACIES FIGURES, DATA, FACTS 2018
15 PHARMACY LANDSCAPE PHARMACY NUMBERS BY GERMAN FEDERAL STATE The number of community pharmacies in the individual federal states depends, among other things, on the number of inhabitants, the population s demographic structure and the physical area. The most populous state, North Rhine-Westphalia, has been divided into the two chamber districts of North Rhine and Westphalia- Lippe and accounts for the highest number of pharmacies with more than 4,000 in total. Federal State Community Pharmacies of these main / individual pharmacies * of these subsidiaries Number Pharmacy Density ** Baden-Wuerttemberg 2, , Bavaria 3, , Berlin Brandenburg Bremen Hamburg Hesse 1, , Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania Lower Saxony 1, , North Rhine-Westphalia 4, , North Rhine 2, , Westphalia-Lippe 1, , Rhineland-Palatinate 1, Saarland Saxony Saxony-Anhalt Schleswig-Holstein Thuringia Total 19, ,236 4,512 year-end statistics 2017 * Pharmacies with an operating licence pursuant to Section 2 of the German Pharmacies Act [Apothekengesetz] ** Pharmacies per 100,000 residents Source: ABDA-Statistik GERMAN PHARMACIES FIGURES, DATA, FACTS
16 PH A R M ACY L A N D S CA PE GEOGRAPHICAL COVERAGE On average, there are 24 pharmacies for every 100,000 residents in Germany. There are, however, r egional differences to be found across the country: pharmacy density varies greatly according to the number of residents or area and structure of cities and districts. At present comprehensive pharmaceutical care for the population remains guaranteed nationwide. Pharmacy Density in Administrative Districts 2017 Pharmacies per 100,000 residents 22 or less (125 districts) (137 districts) 26 or more (139 districts) Source: ABDA-Statistik 16 GERMAN PHARMACIES FIGURES, DATA, FACTS 2018
17 PHARMACY LANDSCAPE PHARMACY DENSITY IN EUROPE Germany, with 24 pharmacies per 100,000 inhabitants, lies below the European average. On average, the 28 European Union member states have a density of 31 pharmacies per 100,000 inhabitants: Pharmacies per 100,000 residents Number of Pharmacies * Greece 87 9,500 Cyprus Bulgaria Malta Lithuania Spain Belgium Latvia Romania Ireland Poland Estonia France EU Average Italy Portugal Slovakia Croatia Czech Republic Germany Hungary United Kingdom Luxembourg Slovenia Austria Finland Sweden The Netherlands Denmark , ,387 22,046 4, ,673 1,854 14, ,403 18,549 2,935 1,516 1,114 2,559 19,748 2,315 14, , ,392 1, * last available year Sources: ABDA-Statistik, Zusammenschluss der Apotheker in der Europäischen Union (ZAEU), nationale Apothekerverbände, Europäische Kommission (EC) GERMAN PHARMACIES FIGURES, DATA, FACTS
18 PHARMACY LANDSCAPE SUBSIDIARY STRUCTURE Of the combined 19,748 pharmacies, exactly 15,236 were individual or main pharmacies with subsidiaries as of the end of Subsidiary expansion is on the rise. Introduction of the SHI (statutory health insurance) Modernisation Act of 2004 means that a pharmacist is now allowed to have up to three subsidiaries. Each subsidiary must have a pharmacist acting as the subsidiary manager and all (main and subsidiary pharmacies) must be physically located in close proximity to one another Pharmacies without subsidiaries (individual pharmacies) 19,148 15,277 12,851 12,399 11,989 Main pharmacies with one subsidiary 989 2,057 2,229 2,290 2,282 Main pharmacies with two subsidiaries Main pharmacies with three subsidiaries Main / Individual Pharmacies 20,248 17,963 15,968 15,607 15,236 20,248 20,000 1,100 17,963 16,000 2,686 15,968 15,607 15,236 3,117 3,208 3,247 12,000 19,148 8,000 15,277 12,851 12,399 11,989 4, Pharmacies without subsidiaries Pharmacies with at least one subsidiary year-end statistics Source: ABDA-Statistik 18 GERMAN PHARMACIES FIGURES, DATA, FACTS 2018
19 PHARMACY LANDSCAPE SPECIFIC TYPES OF PHARMACIES Hospital pharmacies do not belong to community pharmacies. All community pharmacies are owner- operated with some pharmacies legally operated by several pharmacists as a general partnership (German: OHG). Leased pharmacies do exist on a temporary basis. This occurs, for example, when an owner has passed away. To ensure service and coverage at a local level, so-called prescription collection containers may also be established. Prescriptions are collected (sometimes digitally) and filled by an authorised pharmacy Hospital pharmacies (Section 14 German Pharmacies Act *) Pharmacies supplying hospitals (Section 1a Para. 1 Ordinance on the Operation of Pharmacies **) OHG pharmacies (Section 8 German Pharmacies Act) Leased pharmacies (Section 9 German Pharmacies Act) Branch pharmacies (Section 16 German Pharmacies Act) Emergency pharmacies (Section 17 German Pharmacies Act) Prescription Collection Containers 24 Ordinance on the Operation of Pharmacies Baden-Wuerttemberg 110 Bavaria 132 Berlin Brandenburg 77 Bremen Hamburg Hesse 173 Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania 112 Lower Saxony 107 North Rhine-Westphalia 35 North Rhine 3 Westphalia-Lippe 32 Rhineland-Palatinate 66 Saarland 10 Saxony 124 Saxony-Anhalt 139 Schleswig-Holstein 46 Thuringia 77 Total 1,208 * German: Apothekengesetz / ** German: Apothekenbetriebsordnung Sources: ABDA-Statistik, IQVIA Commercial GmbH & Co. OHG GERMAN PHARMACIES FIGURES, DATA, FACTS
20 PHARMACY LANDSCAPE MAIL ORDER TRADE Mail order trade of prescription and OTC medications has been allowed in Germany since Mail order trade already accounts for a double-digit market share in self-medication. As concerns prescription pharmaceuticals, this share is considerably lower. However, sales of mail order, prescription-only pharmaceuticals have risen considerably since the European Court ruled, in October 2016, that foreign (non-german) mail order traders are no longer bound to mandatory German price structures for prescription pharmaceuticals. Prescription-only Pharmaceuticals 8 million packages (1.1 %) Change from previous year (5.8 %) OTC Pharmaceuticals and Non-Pharmaceutical Products 112 million packages (13.2 %) Change from previous year (6.3 %) Sales Volume million packages (98.9 %) Change from previous year ( 0.3 %) Sales Volume million packages (86.8 %) Change from previous year ( 1.0 %) 305 million euros (1.0 %) Change from previous year (4.0 %) 842 million euros (17.0 %) Change from previous year (9.8 %) Sales * 2017 (without VAT) 28,849 million euros (99.0 %) Change from previous year (5.0 %) Sales * 2017 (without VAT) 4,118 million euros (83.0 %) Change from previous year (0.8 %) Community Pharmacies Mail Order Trade Pharmacies with a Mail Order License (Section 11a German Pharmacies Act) 2,958 Pharmacies with a Mail Order License ( 11a German Pharmacies Act) of which approx. 150 are actively engaged in mail order trade ** Changed source: the quality of the currently available data regarding mail order trade of prescription-only pharmaceuticals is limited. * values at manufacturer sales price (ApU) minus manufacturer markdowns ** professional web-shop and listing with price search engines Sources: IQVIA Commercial GmbH & Co. OHG, ABDA-Statistik, own calculations 20 GERMAN PHARMACIES FIGURES, DATA, FACTS 2018
21 EMPLOYMENT IN PHARMACY NUMBER AND AGE OF PHARMACISTS At the end of 2017, there were more than 64,000 active pharmacists in Germany and this number has been growing. The overwhelming majority work in community pharmacies yet pharmacists are also employed in the pharmaceutical industry, in hospital pharmacies, universities and government agencies. More than two-thirds of all licensed pharmacists are women. Active Pharmacists in: Percentage of Women 2017 Community Pharmacies 50,356 50,123 51, % of which are owner managed 15,968 15,607 15, % Hospital Pharmacies 2,212 2,307 2, % Industry, Administration, Associations, Science 10,189 10,518 10, % Pharmaceutical Industry 5,867 6,136 6, % Federal Armed Forces % Government Agencies and Statutory Corporations % Universities 1,187 1,169 1, % Educational Institutions and Vocational Schools % Other 1,504 1,598 1, % Total 62,757 62,948 64, % Average Age of Pharmacists Age of Occupationally Active Pharmacists: total female male Community Pharmacies of which are pharmacy owners of which are licensed staff Hospital Pharmacies Industry, Administration, Associations, Science All Areas of Activity (as of 31st December 2014) * * data collection performed every four years. Source: ABDA-Statistik GERMAN PHARMACIES FIGURES, DATA, FACTS
22 EMPLOYMENT IN PHARMACY JOBS IN PHARMACIES The number of people working in community pharmacies grew to 157,000 in About one-third of these are approbated (licensed) pharmacists: Two-thirds work as pharmaceutical technical assistants (PTA) or pharmaceutical commercial employees (PCE) Percentage of Women 2017 Pharmacists 50,356 50,123 51, % Pre-approbation Trainee Pharmacists (PhiP) 1,608 1,651 1, % Pharmacist s Assistants; Pharmaceutical Engineers 6,145 5,803 5, % Pharmaceutical Technical Assistants PTA (incl. interns) 63,660 65,658 65, % Pharmaceutical Commercial Employees (PCE)/ Assistants 32,759 33,193 33, % Total Number of Positions 154, , , % year-end statistics Source: ABDA-Statistik 22 GERMAN PHARMACIES FIGURES, DATA, FACTS 2018
23 EMPLOYMENT IN PHARMACY TRAINEE POSITIONS IN PHARMACIES Pharmacies offer apprenticeships for about 7,400 young people. These trainees complete their practical training period at a pharmacy. This year is completed either as part of dual training to become a pharmaceutical commercial employee (PCE), the programme to become a pharmaceutical technical assistant (PTA), or as the final, practical stage of their pharmacy studies at university Pharmaceutical Commercial Employees (PCE) in Training 3,724 3,805 3,626 Pharmaceutical Technical Assistants (PTA) in Training 2,117 2,085 2,076 Pre-approbation Trainee Pharmacists (PhiP) 1,608 1,651 1,693 Total Number of Trainee Positions 7,449 7,541 7,395 Trainee Positions 2017 Pre-approbation Trainee Pharmacists (PhiP) 1,693 3,626 7,395 total 2,076 Pharmaceutical Technical Assistants (PTA) in Training Pharmaceutical Commercial Employees (PCE) in Training year-end statistics Source: ABDA-Statistik GERMAN PHARMACIES FIGURES, DATA, FACTS
24 EMPLOYMENT IN PHARMACY PHARMACY STUDENTS AND APPROBATIONS The number of pharmacy students and newly-approbated pharmacists in Germany is increasing as is the demand for pharmacists across the job marketplace in general, e. g. in industry and hospitals. 22 universities in 14 federal states offer pharmacy programmes. The programme is structured into three sections: basic studies (2 years), main studies (2 years) and practical training (1 year). Academic Year Students New Students Approbations Promotions 2016 / ,682 2,766 2, / ,548 2,752 2, / ,268 2,748 2, / ,632 2,708 1, / ,183 2,754 1, Source: Statistisches Bundesamt (Destatis), Landesbehörden 24 GERMAN PHARMACIES FIGURES, DATA, FACTS 2018
25 EMPLOYMENT IN PHARMACY Places of Study Federal State University Registrations 2016 / 2017 Winter Semester Registrations 2017 Summer Semester Freiburg 90 0 Baden-Wuerttemberg Heidelberg 45 0 Tübingen Erlangen-Nurnberg Bavaria Munich U Regensburg Würzburg Berlin Berlin FU Brandenburg Bremen Hamburg Hamburg 58 0 Hesse Frankfurt / Main Marburg Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania Greifswald Lower Saxony Braunschweig Bonn North Rhine-Westphalia Düsseldorf Münster Rhineland-Palatinate Mainz Saarland Saarbrucken Saxony Leipzig 36 0 Saxony-Anhalt Halle-Wittenberg Schleswig-Holstein Kiel Thuringia Jena 77 0 Total 1, Source: Stiftung für Hochschulzulassung (ZVS) GERMAN PHARMACIES FIGURES, DATA, FACTS
26 EMPLOYMENT IN PHARMACY PROFESSIONAL LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY EXAM FOR FOREIGN PHARMACISTS Pharmacists with a mother tongue other than German who apply for approbation in Germany are required to provide proof of German language skills specific to and required for their profession. This is done by means of three-part proficiency exams based on the Common European Framework of Reference of Languages (CEFR). Almost all chambers of pharmacists have been charged with the execution of these tests by the competent authorities at the state level and the number of tests carried out nearly doubled in the last year. Number of Professional Language Examinations and Success Rates 20 % Professional Language Proficiency Exams 22 % Professional Language Proficiency Exams passed on first attempt passed on further attempts 80 % 78 % Number of Exam Candidates, Gender Ratios and Countries of Origin European Union (EU, EEA, Switzerland) Non-EU States Romania Syria Spain Bosnia and Herzegovina Italy Egypt 3 20 Poland Greece Croatia 6 6 Bulgaria Ukraine Iraq Other total from 60 countries 5 5 Hungary Other Men Women Source: Bundesapothekerkammer (BAK) 26 GERMAN PHARMACIES FIGURES, DATA, FACTS 2018
27 EMPLOYMENT IN PHARMACY CONTINUING PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION AND POSTGRADUATE SPECIALISATION Continuing professional education (CPE) serves to refresh and expand upon existing knowledge. Postgraduate specialisation refers to the acquisition of specialised knowledge and skills in a specific field or area of pharmacy. A three-year training programme in one of these areas entitles a pharmacist to the right to call themselves a specialised pharmacist. Following a one-year programme in one of these fields, the corresponding identifying designation may be used. CPE Events Held by the State Chambers of Pharmacists (LAK) and State Pharmacists Associations (LAV) Events 3,494 3,458 3,339 Participants 161, , ,869 Postgraduate Specialisation Completions per Year (in area and field of pharmacy) Number of Educational Programmes Completed Pharmacists Completing / Postgraduate Specialisation 2017 Area Field General Pharmacy 11,574 Nutritional Consultation 2,234 Clinical Pharmacy 1,739 Naturopathy Treatment and Homeopathy 2,205 Pharmaceutical Analysis 807 Geriatric Pharmacy 800 Medication Information 690 Prevention and Health Promotion 583 Pharmaceutical Technology 534 Oncological Pharmacy 226 Theoretical and Practical Education 157 Infectiology 111 Public Health Care 123 Care Services 69 Toxicology and Ecology 93 Specialised Pharmacist Titles Total 15,717 Field Designations Total 6,228 Source: Bundesapothekerkammer (BAK) GERMAN PHARMACIES FIGURES, DATA, FACTS
28 PHARMACEUTICALS IN GERMANY PHARMACEUTICALS APPROVED IN GERMANY More than 100,000 different pharmaceuticals have been governmentally approved in Germany. Each packaging size, potency or dosage form is considered an individual pharmaceutical even if the brand name is the same. About half of all pharmaceuticals are prescription-only. Governmental approval for nationwide use may be granted at either the federal level in accordance with the Medicinal Products Act (AMG) or at the European level. Prescription-only Narcotic Pharmaceuticals * 1,854 Pharmaceuticals Requiring a Special Prescription (T-prescription) ** 16 Other Prescription-only Pharmaceuticals 48,281 Pharmacy-only Pharmaceuticals 19,423 Unrestricted OTC Pharmaceuticals 34,123 Total Number of Marketable Pharmaceuticals 103,697 non-prescription pharmaceuticals 53,546 prescription-only pharmaceuticals 50,151 * pharmaceuticals subject to prescription regulations for narcotics in Germany e. g. strong painkillers ** pharmaceuticals which may be utilized only in very specific situations due to their hazardous potential e. g., the active ingredient Thalidomide As of: January 2018 Source: Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte (BfArM) 28 GERMAN PHARMACIES FIGURES, DATA, FACTS 2018
29 PHARMACEUTICALS IN GERMANY PHARMACEUTICAL PRICE INDEX The pharmaceutical price index describes the average price development (incl. VAT) of pharmaceuticals which are prescribed at the expense of statutory health insurance (SHI). Pharmaceutical prices have sharply decreased over the past decade, while consumer prices have risen continually Pharmaceutical Price Index * Consumer Price Index * Pharmacy markdowns, manufacturer markdowns, savings resulting from rebate contracts and patient co-payments are not taken into account. Sources: Wissenschaftliches Institut der AOK (WIdO), Statistisches Bundesamt (Destatis) GERMAN PHARMACIES FIGURES, DATA, FACTS
30 PHARMACEUTICALS IN GERMANY VALUE-ADDED TAX ON PHARMACEUTICALS Value-added tax (VAT) on pharmaceuticals varies greatly among the 28 member states of the European Union. Germany has one of the highest VAT rates on pharmaceuticals behind only Denmark and Bulgaria. In contrast, Malta, the United Kingdom, Ireland and Sweden have all made certain pharmaceuticals exempt from the tax. Tax Rate for Pharmaceuticals in 2018 General VAT tax rate in 2018 Denmark Bulgaria Germany Latvia Finland Italy Czech Republic Austria Slovakia Slovenia Estonia Romania Poland Greece Portugal Belgium The Netherlands Hungary Croatia pharmaceuticals covered by the NHS non-prescription pharmaceuticals Lithuania reimbursable pharmaceuticals non-reimbursable pharmaceuticals Cyprus Spain Luxembourg France reimbursable pharmaceuticals non-reimbursable pharmaceuticals Sweden prescription-only pharmaceuticals non-prescription pharmaceuticals Ireland pharmaceuticals for oral use pharmaceuticals for non-oral use United Kingdom pharmaceuticals covered by the NHS non-prescription pharmaceuticals Malta Source: Europäische Kommission (EC) 30 GERMAN PHARMACIES FIGURES, DATA, FACTS 2018
31 PHARMACEUTICALS IN GERMANY PHARMACEUTICALS PRICING The selling prices for prescription pharmaceuticals and the pharmacy fee are determined according to legal stipulations laid out in the Drug Price Ordinance [AMPreisV]. To ease the financial burden on health insurance funds, lawmakers have stipulated markdowns and discounts along with co-payments from insured individuals. Example of a Prescription-only, Pre-packaged Medication Manufacturer sales price (ApU) Euro + maximum wholesale mark-up (3.15% of the ApU euros) 2.28 Euro = pharmacy purchase price (AEP) Euro + pharmacy mark-up (3 % of the AEP euros) 9.92 Euro + emergency services mark-up (0.16 euros) 0.16 Euro = Net Pharmacy Sales Price (net AVP) Euro + value-added tax (19% of the net AVP) Euro = Gross Pharmacy Sales Price (AVP) Euro statutory co-payment from the insured individual (10 % of gross AVP) statutory pharmacy markdown (1.77 euros) statutory manufacturer markdown * (7 % of ApU) 7.42 Euro 1.77 Euro 3.50 Euro = Effective Expenditures for Statutory Health Insurance (SHI) ** Euro * The manufacturer markdown for pharmaceuticals which are not bound to fixed prices amounts to 7 percent for patent-protected originals and 16 % for generics. The amount for generic medication that is bound to fixed prices is, however, 10 percent. The manufacturer markdown is waived if the pharmaceutical price lies 30 percent under the fixed price. ( 130a SGB V). ** does not take into consideration any rebate contracts which reduce costs for statutory health insurance (SHI) Source: ABDA-Statistik GERMAN PHARMACIES FIGURES, DATA, FACTS
32 PHARMACEUTICALS IN GERMANY PRICING FOR STANDARD FORMULATIONS The sales pricing for standard formulations is determined according to legal stipulations laid out in the Drug Price Ordinance [AMPreisV] in a fashion similar to industrially produced, prescription medications. Discounts and mark-ups are precisely defined therein. The rules governing remuneration for standard formulations were adjusted in Example for a Prescription-only Ointment (100 g) Pharmacy purchase price (AEP) for an active ingredient (1 g powder), base (99 g ointment base) and container (1 dispenser for 100 g) 5.00 Euro + fixed mark-up (90 % of AEP) 4.50 Euro + formulation mark-up for production (6.00 euros for preparation of ointments up to 200 g) 6.00 Euro + fixed fee 8.35 Euro = Net Pharmacy Sales Price (net AVP) Euro + value-added tax (19% of the net AVP) 4.53 Euro = Gross Pharmacy Sales Price (AVP) Euro statutory co-payment from the insured individual (10% of AVP, minimum 5 euros) 5.00 Euro statutory pharmacy markdown (1.77 euros) 1.77 Euro = Effective Expenditures for for Statutory Health Insurance (SHI) Euro Source: ABDA-Statistik 32 GERMAN PHARMACIES FIGURES, DATA, FACTS 2018
33 PHARMACEUTICALS IN STATUTORY HEALTH INSURANCE (SHI) BREAKDOWN OF TOTAL SHI EXPENDITURES Of the more than 230 billion euros that the statutory health insurance (SHI) spent in 2017, the largest percentage went to hospitals and doctors. Pharmaceutical expenditures (incl. pharmacies) ranked third with 14.6 percent. 2.2 percent of this were accounted for by pharmacies and their services. This is less than half of that spent on SHI administration (4.7 percent). Total SHI Expenditures (billion euros) of which in % Doctors Dentists (incl. dentures) Remedies and Medical Aids Hospitals Administration Miscellaneous Expenses Pharmaceuticals * of which is pharmacy addedvalue share as per Drug Price Ordinance (AMPreisV) Total SHI Expenditures 2017: billion euros Pharmaceuticals from Pharmacies 14.6 % Miscellaneous Expenditures 19.8 % of which is pharmacy added-value share as per Drug Price Ordinance (AMPreisV) 2.2 % Administration 4.7 % Remedies and Medical Aids 6.3 % Dentists (incl. dentures) 6.1 % Hospitals 32.2 % * from pharmacies Notice: Medical Aids from Pharmacies are, in contrast to the previous year s publication, no longer grouped with pharmaceuticals but, rather, with remedies and medical aids. Doctors 16.3 % Sources: Bundesministerium für Gesundheit (BMG), ABDA-Statistik GERMAN PHARMACIES FIGURES, DATA, FACTS
34 PHARMACEUTICALS IN STATUTORY HEALTH INSURANCE (SHI) MISCELLANEOUS HEALTH INSURANCE FUND EXPENDITURES Miscellaneous health insurance fund expenditures include, among other things, sick pay, home nursing and travel expenses as well as vaccinations incl. doctor s fees. Pharmaceuticals from Others / Mail Order refers to overseas mail order pharmacies or health authorities. 5.3 % Sick Pay 2.6 % Home Nursing 2.4 % Travel Expenses 1.6 % Pharmaceuticals from Others / Mail Order 1.5 % Outpatient & Inpatient Benefits and Rehab Services 1.0 % Early Diagnosis 0.9 % Dialysis Material Costs in Doctor s Offices 0.8 % Integrated Care 0.6 % Vaccinations (incl. doctor s fees) 0.6 % Pregnancy, Maternity 0.3 % Services Abroad 2.2 % Other Total Miscellaneous Expenditures 2017: 19.8 % Sources: Bundesministerium für Gesundheit (BMG), ABDA-Statistik 34 GERMAN PHARMACIES FIGURES, DATA, FACTS 2018
35 PHARMACEUTICALS IN STATUTORY HEALTH INSURANCE (SHI) SHI EXPENDITURES FOR PHARMACEUTICALS Approximately two-thirds of statutory health insurance s (SHI) pharmaceutical expenditures went to the pharmaceutical industry. In 2017, expenditures for the 19 percent value-added tax on pharmaceuticals exceeded those for pharmacy services * in billion euros in billion euros in billion euros Pharmaceutical Industry and Advance Services (such as raw materials) % % % Pharmaceutical Wholesaling % % % VAT (state) % % % Pharmacies % % % Total SHI Expenditures for Pharmaceuticals ** % % % SHI Expenditures for Pharmaceuticals 2017: billion euros Pharmacies 15.4 % VAT (state) 16.0 % Pharmaceutical Wholesaling 3.3 % * provisional ** formulations, pre-packaged pharmaceuticals and surgical dressings from pharmacies (in contrast to the previous year s publication, medical aids are no longer included) Pharmaceutical Industry and Advance Services (such as raw materials) 65.3 % Sources: Bundesministerium für Gesundheit (BMG), ABDA-Statistik GERMAN PHARMACIES FIGURES, DATA, FACTS
36 PHARMACEUTICALS IN STATUTORY HEALTH INSURANCE (SHI) PHARMACEUTICALS BY PRICE CLASSES The pharmacy sales price (AVP) for every prescription-only medication is legally regulated by the Drug Price Ordinance (AMPreisV) and based on the manufacturer sales price (ApU). For nine out of ten medications, this amounts to 100 euros or less. Despite a lower number of actual packages, higher priced, innovative medications account for a growing percentage of the total sum spent. Sales Volume Percentage SHI of Prescription-only Pre-packaged Medications Price Classes * to euros 91.1 % 90.9 % 90.5 % euros 7.8 % 8.0 % 8.4 % , euros 0.6 % 0.6 % 0.6 % more than 1, euros 0.4 % 0.4 % 0.5 % Sales Revenue Percentage of SHI Prescription-only Pre-packaged Medications Price Classes * to euros 37.7 % 36.6 % 35.1 % euros 25.0 % 25.3 % 25.6 % , euros 9.1 % 9.0 % 9.1 % more than 1, euros 28.3 % 29.1 % 30.3 % * at pharmacy sales prices Source: Deutsches Arzneiprüfungsinstitut e. V. (DAPI) 36 GERMAN PHARMACIES FIGURES, DATA, FACTS 2018
37 PHARMACEUTICALS IN STATUTORY HEALTH INSURANCE (SHI) PHARMACY AND MANUFACTURER MARKDOWNS Over the years, lawmakers have introduced various instruments to limit statutory health insurance (SHI) expenditures for pharmaceuticals. Pharmacies as well as pharmaceutical manufacturers must grant markdowns to the SHI when dispensing prescription-only pharmaceuticals. The pharmacy markdown is currently set at 1.77 euros (incl. VAT). This amount must be reimbursed to the health insurance fund from the pharmacist s fees for each package dispensed at the expense of the SHI. This amounts to more than one billion euros per year. in million euros 1,800 1,533 1,562 1,563 1,500 1,200 1,081 1,096 1, Pharmacy Markdowns Manufacturer Markdowns (without rebate contracts) Source: Deutscher Apothekerverband e. V. (DAV) GERMAN PHARMACIES FIGURES, DATA, FACTS
38 PHARMACEUTICALS IN STATUTORY HEALTH INSURANCE (SHI) REBATE PHARMACEUTICALS Since 2007, health insurance funds have been able to enter into rebate contracts with manufacturers to dispense pharmaceuticals at a lower cost. There are currently more than 27,000 fund-specific rebate contracts stipulating which insured person can receive which pharmaceutical from which manufacturer. Compliance with these manifold agreements as part of patient care has resulted in a drastic increase in administrative effort for the pharmacies. 27,300 number of rebate contracts at the end of billion euros in savings from rebate contracts in the year health insurance funds and companies involved at the end of pharmaceutical companies involved at the end of , % 409 million number of rebate pharmaceuticals (central registration numbers) at the end of 2017 percentage of rebated, prescription-only pharmaceuticals either exempt from or having reduced co-payments at the end of 2017 packages of prescription medication with rebate contracts dispensed in million data sets used in pharmacy computer systems at the end of 2017 Rebate Pharmaceuticals: Agreements and SHI Savings Number of rebate contracts at year s end 21,100 24,600 27,300 SHI savings in year 3.7 billion euros 3.9 billion euros 4.0 billion euros Sources: ABDATA, Pro Generika e. V., Bundesministerium für Gesundheit (BMG), IQVIA Commercial GmbH & Co. OHG 38 GERMAN PHARMACIES FIGURES, DATA, FACTS 2018
39 PHARMACEUTICALS IN STATUTORY HEALTH INSURANCE (SHI) PATIENT CO-PAYMENTS SHI (statutory health insurance) insured patients must make co-payments to their health insurance funds for certain services. This amounts to ten percent of a pharmaceutical s price for prescribed medications and must lie between a minimum of five but no more than ten euros. There is a 2.90 euro average due to co-payment exemptions for some medications and insured persons. The co-payments, which community pharmacies are legally required to collect from patients, have saved health insurers two billion euros annually. Patient Co-payments for Pharmaceuticals in Million Euros 2,400 2,200 2,000 1,862 1,978 2,027 2,084 2,143 2,149 1,800 1,600 1,400 1, Average Co-payment per Package in Euros Source: Deutscher Apothekerverband e. V. (DAV) GERMAN PHARMACIES FIGURES, DATA, FACTS
40 PHARMACEUTICALS IN STATUTORY HEALTH INSURANCE (SHI) CO-PAYMENT EXEMPTIONS A hardship provision in Section 62 of the Social Insurance Code (SGB V) stipulates that SHI insured persons need only make co-payments amounting to two percent of their yearly gross income. This limit is reduced to one percent for chronically ill persons. One in eleven of the approximately 72 million SHI insured people in Germany are exempt from additional co-payments. This ratio has been in decline for years. Co-Payment Exemptions Chronically Ill Patients in millions Other Patients in millions Total Number of Co-payment Exempt Persons in millions Percentage of SHI Insured Persons Exempt from Co-payments 10.7 % 10.7 % 9.9 % 9.6 % 9.2 % 8.8 % Source: Bundesministerium für Gesundheit (BMG) 40 GERMAN PHARMACIES FIGURES, DATA, FACTS 2018
41 QUALITY ASSURANCE GUIDELINES AND WORKING AIDS The Federal Chamber of Pharmacists guidelines, including commentary and working aids, are recommendations addressing common situations and designed to ensure a high quality of service and skills in pharmacies. They consider applicable laws and regulations as well as the current state of the art in science and technology. They do not, however, relieve individuals of the responsibilities which come along with their health care profession. Materials are available for the following pharmacy related topics and activities: 1. Pharmaceutical Information 2. Pharmaceutical Risks 3. Asthma 4. Blood Pressure Measurement 5. Blood Testing 6. Dosage Forms 7. Diabetes 8. Nutritional Consultation 9. Supply to Care Homes and Centres 10. Provision of Medical Aids 11. Hygiene Management 12. Hospital Supply 13. Manual Repackaging 14. Medication Analysis 15. Opiate Substitution 16. Production of Parenterals 17. Inspection of Source Materials / Primary Packaging 18. Inspection of Proprietary Medicinal Products 19. Prescription Delivery 20. Preparations / Formulas 21. Self-medication 22. Mail Order Trade Materials available at: Source: Bundesapothekerkammer (BAK) GERMAN PHARMACIES FIGURES, DATA, FACTS
German Pharmacies. Figures Data Facts Legal disclosure:
German Pharmacies Figures Data Facts 2009 Legal disclosure: Published by the ABDA Federal Union of German Associations of Pharmacists Jägerstr. 49/50 10117 Berlin Germany www.abda.de Print: blueprint berlin
More informationABOUT THE ABDA GERMAN PHARMACIES FIGURES, DATA, FACTS 2017
ABOUT THE ABDA The ABDA Federal Union of German Associations of Pharmacists is the foremost organisation for pharmacists in Germany. The ABDA represents the interests of the pharmaceutical healthcare professions
More informationABOUT THE ABDA GERMAN PHARMACIES FIGURES, DATA, FACTS 2016
ABOUT THE ABDA The ABDA Federal Union of German Associations of Pharmacists is the foremost organisation for pharmacists in Germany. The ABDA represents the interests of the pharmaceutical healthcare professions
More informationPharmacy Ownership and Establishment
Pielikums Nr.2 Pharmacy Ownership and Establishment Ref: 09.07.06E 012FS Pharmacy Ownership and Establishment Ownership information on who is entitled to own a Pharmacy. Reference should be made if ownership
More informationFebruary Public Opinion Poll. Personalized Cancer Medicine
February 2018 Public Opinion Poll Personalized Cancer Medicine Public Opinion Poll Germany Personalized Cancer Medicine Summary Germans are most afraid of cancer (67%, p. 5). Correspondingly important
More informationWCPT COUNTRY PROFILE December 2017 SWEDEN
WCPT COUNTRY PROFILE December 2017 SWEDEN SWEDEN NUMBERS WCPT Members Practising physical therapists 11,043 Total number of physical therapist members in your member organisation 17,906 Total number of
More informationWCPT COUNTRY PROFILE December 2017 HUNGARY
WCPT COUNTRY PROFILE December 2017 HUNGARY HUNGARY NUMBERS WCPT Members Practising physical therapists 727 Total number of physical therapist members in your member organisation 4,000 Total number of practising
More informationThe Current Status of Cardiac Electrophysiology in ESC Member Countries J. Brugada, P. Vardas, C. Wolpert
Albania. Algeria. Armenia. Austria. Belarus. Belgium. Bosnia & Herzegovina. Bulgaria. Croatia. Cyprus. Czech Republic Denmark. Egypt. Estonia. Finland. Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. France. Georgia.
More informationSmokefree Policies in Europe: Are we there yet?
Smokefree Policies in Europe: Are we there yet? 14 April 2015, 9:00 10:30am Rue de l Industrie 24, 1040 Brussels Permanent Partners: Temporary Partners: The research for the SFP Smokefree Map was partially
More informationCOMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES Brussels, 22.12.2008 COM(2008) 882 final REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE
More informationWCPT COUNTRY PROFILE December 2017 SERBIA
WCPT COUNTRY PROFILE December 2017 SERBIA SERBIA NUMBERS WCPT Members Practising physical therapists 622 Total number of physical therapist members in your member organisation 3,323 Total number of practising
More information'SECTION B EU PARTY. The following abbreviations are used:
'SECTION B EU PARTY The following abbreviations are used: AT Austria BE Belgium BG Bulgaria CY Cyprus CZ Czech Republic DE Germany DK Denmark ES Spain EE Estonia EU European Union, including all its Member
More informationCOMMITTEE OF EXPERTS ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF MEDICINES AS REGARDS THEIR SUPPLY (CD-P-PH/PHO) PROGRAMME RESULTS
COMMITTEE OF EXPERTS ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF MEDICINES AS REGARDS THEIR SUPPLY (CD-P-PH/PHO) PROGRAMME RESULTS 2016-2017 Introduction This summary provides an overview of the activities carried out by
More informationREPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS
EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, 17.6.011 COM(011) 35 final REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS
More informationThe health economic landscape of cancer in Europe
1 Approval number The health economic landscape of cancer in Europe Bengt Jönsson, Professor Emeritus of Health Economics Stockholm School of Economics 2 Disclaimer This presentation was developed by Professor
More informationClinical Evidence in the Daily Work of an Anthroposophic Hospital Dr. med. Harald Matthes, Medical Director, Havelhöhe Hospital in Berlin
Programme Venue: Time: Chair: Presentations: Members Salon, European Parliament 8:00 9:30 am Marian Harkin MEP Research Evidence in Homeopathy: Overview of published clinical investigations Robert Mathie
More information(Adopted by the Committee of Ministers on 19 January 2011 at the 1103rd meeting of the Ministers Deputies)
Resolution CM/ResAP(2011)1 on quality and safety assurance requirements for medicinal products prepared in pharmacies for the special needs of patients (Adopted by the Committee of Ministers on 19 January
More informationEuropean Community Pharmacy: a reference in Public Health
European Community Pharmacy: a reference in Public Health Ilaria Passarani PGEU Secretary General 4 October 2018, Burgos, Spain Pharmaceutical Group of European Union Members: Professional Bodies & Pharmacists
More informationState of provision of Hearing Aids in Europe
Creating a barrier-free Europe for all hard of hearing citizens State of provision of Hearing Aids in Europe 2018 Report 1 Executive Summary Dear Reader, We are pleased to share the report examining affordability
More informationRef: E 007. PGEU Response. Consultation on measures for improving the recognition of medical prescriptions issued in another Member State
Ref:11.11.24E 007 PGEU Response Consultation on measures for improving the recognition of medical prescriptions issued in another Member State PGEU The Pharmaceutical Group of the European Union (PGEU)
More informationResearch paper: Legal treatment of the use of cannabis for medical purposes in the member states of the European Union
Parliament of Montenegro Parliamentary Institute Research Centre Research paper: Legal treatment of the use of cannabis for medical purposes in the member states of the European Union Podgorica, December
More informationThe EHRA White Book 2009 The Current Status of Cardiac Electrophysiology in ESC Member Countries J. Brugada, P. Vardas, C. Wolpert
Albania. Algeria. Armenia. Austria. Belarus. Belgium. Bosnia & Herzegovina. Bulgaria. Croatia. Cyprus. Czech Republic Denmark. Egypt. Estonia. Finland. Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. France. Georgia.
More informationManuel Cardoso RARHA Executive Coordinator Public Health MD Senior Advisor Deputy General-Director of SICAD - Portugal
Manuel Cardoso RARHA Executive Coordinator Public Health MD Senior Advisor Deputy General-Director of SICAD - Portugal Public Health Public health is the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging
More informationUnderage drinking in Europe
Underage drinking in Europe There are two major studies on underage drinking which are published every 4 years: HBSC (Health Behaviour in School-aged Children) and ESPAD (The European School survey Project
More informationHomeopathy and Anthroposophic Medicine THEIR PLACE IN EUROPEAN HEALTH CARE
Homeopathy and Anthroposophic Medicine THEIR PLACE IN EUROPEAN HEALTH CARE A thriving European tradition Homeopathy and anthroposophic medicine are part of a long-standing European therapeutic tradition
More informationCross Border Genetic Testing for Rare Diseases
Cross Border Genetic Testing for Rare Diseases EUCERD Joint Action WP8 Helena Kääriäinen National Institute for Health an Welfare, Helsinki, Finland Starting point Possibilities and demand for genetic
More informationWhere we stand in EFORT
Where we stand in EFORT Engaging with the new EU regulatory landscape for medical devices. Challenges & opportunities Brussel, Belgium April 6, 2018 Per Kjaersgaard-Andersen Associate Professor Section
More informationLouis-André Vallet (CNRS) Observatoire Sociologique du Changement (UMR CNRS & Sciences Po Paris)
Louis-André allet (CNRS) Observatoire Sociologique du Changement (UMR 7049 - CNRS & Sciences Po Paris) louisandre.vallet@sciencespo.fr ASSESSING THE PERFORMANCE OF THE THREE ONE-DIGIT ESEG PROTOTYPES WITH
More informationInequalities in health: challenges and opportunities in Europe Dr Zsuzsanna Jakab WHO Regional Director for Europe
Inequalities in health: challenges and opportunities in Europe Dr Zsuzsanna Jakab WHO Regional Director for Europe 21st Congress of the European Association of Dental Public Health 1 October 2016 Budapest
More informationMedia Release. Inaugural study reveals that more than one in four women in European and Central Asian prisons locked up for drug offences
Media Release Embargoed 00.01 CET Monday 12 th March 2012 Inaugural study reveals that more than one in four women in European and Central Asian prisons locked up for drug offences Up to 70 percent of
More informationNutrient profiles for foods bearing claims
Nutrient profiles for foods bearing claims Fields marked with * are mandatory. Background Regulation (EC) 1924/2006 (Nutrition and Health Claims NHC Regulation) establishes EU rules on nutrition and health
More informationMEDICINES SHORTAGES PGEU GPUE. John Chave - Secretary general. Pharmaceutical Group of European Union Groupement Pharmaceutique de l Union Européenne
MEDICINES SHORTAGES John Chave - Secretary general Members: Professional Bodies & Pharmacists Associations 2013: 32 Countries Austria Belgium Bulgaria Bosnia Herzegovina Cyprus Czech Rep Denmark Estonia
More informationGood Laboratory Practice. EU-Serbia screening meeting Brussels, 19 June 2014
Good Laboratory Practice EU-Serbia screening meeting Brussels, 19 June 2014 Table of contents 1. Background information on the principles of GLP 2. EU legal basis for GLP 3. Role of Member States 4. Role
More informationThis document is a preview generated by EVS
TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CEN/TR 17223 March 2018 ICS 03.100.70; 11.040.01 English version Guidance on the relationship between EN ISO 13485: 2016 (Medical devices - Quality
More informationGLP in the European Union Ecolabel detergents, GLP and accreditation
GLP in the European Union Ecolabel detergents, GLP and accreditation Maik Schmahl Brussels, 25/03/2010 Chemicals Unit Outline What is GLP? How has it developed? The role of the Member States, the European
More informationProject Meeting Prague
Project Meeting Prague IO1 Assessment 9.11.217 CHRISTINA PADBERG ON BEHALF OF FRANKFURT UAS Current Status Assessment matrix was fully evaluated Experts have been interviewed, Interviews were fully evaluated
More informationCODE OF STATUTES MEDICAL PRODUCTS AGENCY
CODE OF STATUTES MEDICAL PRODUCTS AGENCY Publisher: Christina Åkerman, Director-General. LVFS 2012:19 Published 4 July 2012. The Medical Products Agency s Provisions on Parallel Imported Medicinal Products;
More informationThe Economics of Tobacco Control and Tobacco Taxation: Challenges & Opportunities for a Tobacco Free Turkey
The Economics of Tobacco Control and Tobacco Taxation: Challenges & Opportunities for a Tobacco Free Turkey Ayda A. Yürekli, WHO, on behalf of author team Ankara, December 23, 2010 With funding from the
More informationCNAPA Meeting Luxembourg September 2016
CNAPA Meeting Luxembourg September 2016 Manuel Cardoso RARHA Executive Coordinator Public Health MD Senior Advisor Deputy General-Director of SICAD - Portugal RARHA Events Policy Dialogue and Final Conference
More informationAct on Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances and Precursors thereof
Issuer: Riigikogu Type: act In force from: 13.05.2016 In force until: 22.11.2018 Translation published: 06.05.2016 Act on Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances and Precursors thereof Amended by the
More informationAlcohol Prevention Day
Alcohol Prevention Day Rome, 16 May 2018 Hana Horka Policy Officer, Unit C4 Health Determinants and International Relations European Commission DG Health and Food Safety (SANTE) Alcohol consumption in
More informationOverview of drug-induced deaths in Europe - What does the data tell us?
Overview of drug-induced deaths in Europe - What does the data tell us? João Matias, Isabelle Giraudon, Julián Vicente EMCDDA expert group on the key-indicator Drug-related deaths and mortality among drug
More informationBurden and cost of alcohol, tobacco and illegal drugs globally and in Europe
Burden and cost of alcohol, tobacco and illegal drugs globally and in Europe Jürgen Rehm 1-4 Kevin D. Shield 1,2,3 1) Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada 2) University of Toronto, Canada
More informationUK bowel cancer care outcomes: A comparison with Europe
UK bowel cancer care outcomes: A comparison with Europe What is bowel cancer? Bowel cancer, which is also known as colorectal or colon cancer, is a cancer that affects either the colon or the rectum. The
More informationOverview of the Activities of Estonian Pharmacies
No of inhabitants Overview of the Activities of Estonian Pharmacies Number of Pharmacies There are three types of pharmacies in Estonia: general pharmacies, veterinary pharmacies and hospital pharmacies.
More informationREPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL. on Directive 2011/64/EU on the structure and rates of excise duty applied to manufactured tobacco
EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, 12.1.2018 COM(2018) 17 final REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL on Directive 2011/64/EU on the structure and rates of excise duty applied to manufactured tobacco EN
More informationEuropean status report on alcohol and health Leadership, awareness and commitment
European status report on alcohol and health 2014 Leadership, awareness and commitment Leadership, awareness and commitment Background Strong leadership from national and local governments is essential
More informationDrug Money: the illicit proceeds of opiates trafficked on the Balkan route. Executive summary
Drug Money: the illicit proceeds of opiates trafficked on the Balkan route Executive summary 2015 Executive summary The cultivation, production and trafficking of illicit opiates accounted for almost
More informationEuropean Collaboration on Dementia. Luxembourg, 13 December 2006
European Collaboration on Dementia Luxembourg, 13 December 2006 2005 Call for projects Special attention has also to be given to information and definition of indicators on neurodegenerative, neurodevelopment,
More informationOverview of the Activities of Estonian Pharmacies
No of inhabitants Overview of the Activities of Estonian Pharmacies Number of Pharmacies There are three types of pharmacies in Estonia: general pharmacies, veterinary pharmacies and hospital pharmacies.
More informationCost of Disorders of the Brain in Europe Gustavsson et al. Cost of disorders of the brain in Europe Eur. Neuropsych. (2011) 21,
Cost of Disorders of the Brain in Europe 2010 Gustavsson et al. Cost of disorders of the brain in Europe 2010. Eur. Neuropsych. (2011) 21, 718-779 Steering Committee Prof Jes Olesen 1 Prof Bengt Jönsson
More informationLAO PEOPLE S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC PEACE INDEPENDENCE DEMOCRACY UNITY PROSPERITY
LAO PEOPLE S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC PEACE INDEPENDENCE DEMOCRACY UNITY PROSPERITY President s Office No. 13/PO DECREE of the PRESIDENT of the LAO PEOPLE S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC On the Promulgation of the Law
More informationSign Language Act in Europe and Hungary by dr. Ádám Kósa
Sign Language Act in Europe and Hungary by dr. Ádám Kósa Member of the European Parliament co-chair of the Disability Intergroup president of the Hungarian Association of the Deaf and Hard-of- Hearing
More information2008 EUROBAROMETER SURVEY ON TOBACCO
8 EUROBAROMETER SURVEY ON TOBACCO KEY MSAG Support for smoke-free places: The survey confirms the overwhelming support that smoke-free policies have in the EU. A majority of EU citizens support smoke-free
More informationIOSH No Time to Lose campaign: working together to tackle asbestos-related cancer #NTTLasbestos. Jonathan Hughes IOSH Vice President
IOSH No Time to Lose campaign: working together to tackle asbestos-related cancer #NTTLasbestos Jonathan Hughes IOSH Vice President About the Institution of Occupational Safety and Health (IOSH) www.iosh.co.uk
More informationGERIATRIC TEACHING AND TRAINING IN EUROPE: Where are we? (part I)
GERIATRIC TEACHING AND TRAINING IN EUROPE: Where are we? (part I) Pr. Olivier Beauchet, MD, PhD Department of Neuroscience Geriatrics Division and Memory Clinic Angers University Hospital and School of
More informationPharmaceutical System in the UK
Pharmaceutical System in the UK David Kullman Medicines, i Pharmacy and Industry Group Department of Health PPRI Conference, Vienna 30 September 2011 Disclaimer Conflict of interest: Nothing to disclose
More informationState of Health In EU: Community Pharmacy Contribution
State of Health In EU: Community Pharmacy Contribution #PGEUSoH www.pgeu.eu SYLVAIN GIRAUD DG SANTE #PGEUSoH GAÉTAN LAFORTUNE OECD #PGEUSoH CHALLENGES TO EU HEALTH SYSTEMS EMBARGOED UNTIL PUBLICATION OF
More informationEuropean Parliament Interest Group on CAM Brussels, 16 November 2010
European Parliament Interest Group on CAM Brussels, 16 November 2010 Availability of Homeopathic and Anthroposophic Medicinal Products in the EU and in the 27 Member States. Content Important official
More informationGERMANY. WCPT COUNTRY PROFILE December 2018
GERMANY WCPT COUNTRY PROFILE December 2018 GERMANY NUMBERS 160000 140000 120000 100000 80000 60000 40000 20000 0 Physical therapists in the country Members in MO 21,502 136,000 Total PTs in country 800000
More informationAlcohol-related harm in Europe and the WHO policy response
Alcohol-related harm in Europe and the WHO policy response Lars Moller Programme Manager World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe Date of presentation NCD global monitoring framework: alcohol-related
More informationBiology Report. Is there a relationship between Countries' Human Development Index (HDI) level and the incidence of tuberculosis?
Biology Report Is there a relationship between Countries' Human Development Index (HDI) level and the incidence of tuberculosis? Introduction Tuberculosis is a serious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium
More informationEuropean Status report on Alcohol and Health
European Status report on Alcohol and Health Dr Lars Moller Regional Advisor a.i. WHO Regional Office for Europe Main killers in the WHO European Region Source: Preventing chronic diseases. A vital investment.
More informationThe EHRA White Book 2010
Albania. Algeria. Armenia. Austria. Belarus. Belgium. Bosnia & Herzegovina. Bulgaria. Croatia Cyprus. Czech Republic. Denmark. Egypt. Estonia. Finland. Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia France. Georgia.
More informationIs there a relationship between Countries' Human Development Index (HDI) level and the incidence of tuberculosis?
Is there a relationship between Countries' Human Development Index (HDI) level and the incidence of tuberculosis? Introduction Tuberculosis is a serious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
More informationTEDDY. Teddy Network of Excellence. Annagrazia ALTAVILLA. Ph.D. Sciences Ethics LL.M. Health Law. diterranée
Teddy Network of Excellence Annagrazia ALTAVILLA TEDDY Task-force in Europe for Drug Development for the Young Ph.D. Sciences Ethics LL.M. Health Law Associated Senior Lecturer Université de la MéditerranM
More informationTHE CROATIAN PARLIAMENT
THE CROATIAN PARLIAMENT 3437 Pursuant to Article 88 of the Constitution of the Republic of Croatia, I hereby issue the DECISION PROMULGATING THE ACT ON PHYSIOTHERAPY PROFESSION I hereby promulgate the
More informationLEBANON. WCPT COUNTRY PROFILE December 2018
LEBANON WCPT COUNTRY PROFILE December 2018 LEBANON NUMBERS 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 Physical therapists in the country Members in MO 1,480 1,480 Total PTs in country 800000 700000 600000 500000
More informationThe Danish Medicines Agency s availability strategy
låst DECEMBER 2016 The Danish Medicines Agency s availability strategy 2017 2021 Danish Medicines Agency, 2016 This publication may be freely quoted with appropriate acknowledgement of the source. Images
More informationVARIATIONS IN PRICES AND REIMBURSEMENT OF MEDICINES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
VARIATIONS IN PRICES AND REIMBURSEMENT OF MEDICINES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION A snapshot of data on amoxicillin, budesonide, losartan and salbutamol in eight European Union Member States Report INTRODUCTION
More informationDeliverable. Grant Agreement number: Open Access Policy Alignment STrategies for European Union Research. FP7 CAPACITIES Science in Society
Deliverable Grant Agreement number: 611742 Project acronym: PASTEUR4OA Project title: Open Access Policy Alignment STrategies for European Union Research Funding Scheme: FP7 CAPACITIES Science in Society
More informationDENMARK. WCPT COUNTRY PROFILE December 2018
DENMARK WCPT COUNTRY PROFILE December 2018 DENMARK NUMBERS 14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 Physical therapists in the country Members in MO 11,720 12,975 Total PTs in country 800000 700000 600000
More informationWorld Health Organization Regional Office for Europe Surveillance of measles and rubella Data as of 15 March 2006
World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe Surveillance of measles and rubella Data as of 15 March 2006 WHO Regional Office for Europe Vaccine-preventable Diseases and Immunization programme,
More informationGlobal Trade in Lightweight Coated Writing Paper TradeData International Pty Ltd (www.tradedata.net) Page 1 5/18/2015
Page 1 5/18/2015 An Analysis of Global Trade in Lightweight paper, coated with inorganic substances, used for writing etc., of which more than 10% by weight of total fibre content consists of fibres obtained
More informationTrichinellosis SURVEILLANCE REPORT. Annual Epidemiological Report for Key facts. Methods
Annual Epidemiological Report for 2015 Trichinellosis Key facts In 2015, a total of 156 confirmed cases of trichinellosis was reported from 29 EU/EEA countries. The overall notification rate was 0.03 cases
More informationTHE CVD CHALLENGE IN NORTHERN IRELAND. Together we can save lives and reduce NHS pressures
THE CVD CHALLENGE IN NORTHERN IRELAND Together we can save lives and reduce NHS pressures The challenge of CVD continues today. Around 225,000 people in Northern Ireland live with the burden of cardiovascular
More informationPUBLIC CONSULTATION DOCUMENT
EUROPEAN COMMISSION HEALTH AND CONSUMERS DIRECTORATE-GENERAL Directorate C Public Health and Risk Assessment POSSIBLE REVISION OF THE TOBACCO PRODUCTS DIRECTIVE 2001/37/EC PUBLIC CONSULTATION DOCUMENT
More informationFor An Act To Be Entitled. Subtitle
0 0 State of Arkansas INTERIM STUDY PROPOSAL 0-0th General Assembly A Bill DRAFT JMB/JMB Second Extraordinary Session, 0 SENATE BILL By: Senator J. Hutchinson Filed with: Arkansas Legislative Council pursuant
More informationD7.1 Report summarising results of survey of EU countries to identify volumes and trends in relation to the import and export of stem cells
Disclaimer: The content of this Deliverable represents the views of the author only and is his/her sole responsibility; it cannot be considered to reflect the views of the European Commission and/or the
More informationD7.1 Report summarising results of survey of EU countries to identify volumes and trends in relation to the import and export of stem cells
Disclaimer: The content of this Deliverable represents the views of the author only and is his/her sole responsibility; it cannot be considered to reflect the views of the European Commission and/or the
More informationThomas Karlsson & Esa Österberg National Research and Development Centre for Welfare and Health Alcohol and Drug Research Group P.O.
European Comparative Alcohol Study Europe and Alcohol Policy Thomas Karlsson & Esa Österberg National Research and Development Centre for Welfare and Health Alcohol and Drug Research Group P.O.BO 220 FIN-00531
More informationOverall survival: 1 st line therapy
1 3 Overall survival: 1 st line therapy 2-year OS phase III studies mm Prices per month of oncology medicin Bloomberg Business weekly 26 Feb 2015 Presented By Veena Shankaran at 2016 ASCO Annual Meeting
More informationREPORT ON LAWS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ON DENTAL MERCURY MANAGEMENT IN THE EU
0 REPORT ON LAWS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ON DENTAL MERCURY MANAGEMENT IN THE EU 31/01/2018 0 1 Contents 1. Introduction... 2 2. Phasing out the use of dental amalgam... 3 3. Use of encapsulated dental amalgam...
More informationAuthors: Jennifer Kates (Kaiser Family Foundation), José-Antonio Izazola (UNAIDS), Eric Lief (CSIS).
Financing the response to AIDS in low- and middleincome countries: International assistance from the G8, European Commission and other donor Governments, 2006 Authors: Jennifer Kates (Kaiser Family Foundation),
More informationFORUM FOR AEROSPACE NDT BOARDS
FORUM FOR AEROSPACE NDT BOARDS An overview of the activities of the Forum for National Aerospace NDT Boards ANDTBF/04; Rev: 2010-06-08 What is a NANDTB? EASA regulations part 145 (covering NDT in maintenance)
More informationThis document is a preview generated by EVS
EESTI STANDARD EVS-EN ISO 15854:2005 Dentistry - Casting and baseplate waxes Dentistry - Casting and baseplate waxes EESTI STANDARDIKESKUS EESTI STANDARDI EESSÕNA NATIONAL FOREWORD Käesolev Eesti standard
More informationUnofficial translation - No legal value. Bundesanzeiger Nr. 229 vom 04. Dezember 1998, S
Unofficial translation - No legal value Bundesanzeiger Nr. 229 vom 04. Dezember 1998, S. 16 884 Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte - BfArM)
More informationAlcohol in Europe and Brief Intervention. Dr Lars Møller Programme Manager World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe
Alcohol in Europe and Brief Intervention Dr Lars Møller Programme Manager World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe Global risk factors ranked by attributable burden of disease 2010 (GBD, Lancet,
More informationTo provide information on the new standard, a number of EOG members formed a committee to compile information on the following basis:
EN 13537 Sleeping Bag Standard Information for Retailers 30.12.2004 Disclaimer This information sheet has been provided by the EOG to help companies assess the implications of the new EN 13537 norm on
More informationA European vision of CPD including specialisation An interim report
A European vision of CPD including specialisation An interim report FOR INFORMATION at the General Meeting 8 10 May 2014 Copenhagen, Denmark A EUROPEAN VISION FOR CPD INCLUDING SPECIALISATION: INTERIM
More informationOfficial Journal of the European Union
L 39/6 16.2.2017 COMMISSION IMPLEMTING DECISION (EU) 2017/263 of 14 February 2017 on risk mitigating and reinforced biosecurity measures and early detection systems in relation to the risks posed by wild
More informationThis document is a preview generated by EVS
EESTI STANDARD EVS-EN ISO 16409:2006 Dentistry - Oral hygiene products - Manual interdental brushes Dentistry - Oral hygiene products - Manual interdental brushes EESTI STANDARDIKESKUS EESTI STANDARDI
More informationSystems for the Provision of Oral Health Care in the Black Sea Countries Part 13: Cyprus
Systems for the Provision of Oral Health Care in the Black Sea Countries Part 13: Cyprus Chrystala Charalambous 1, Mamas Theodorou 2 1 MSc, DDS, Dental Officer, Dental Services, Ministry of Health, Nicosia,
More information