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10 References: 1. Sabiston C, Lovato C, Ahmed R, Pullman A, Hadd V, Campbell H, et al. School Smoking Policy Characteristics and Individual Perceptions of the School Tobacco Context: Are They Linked to Students Smoking Status. J youth and adolescence 2009;38(10): Tsai Y, Wen Y, Tsai C, Tsai T. Peer pressure, psychological distress and the urge to smoke. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2009;6(6): Sharifi-rad G, Hazavei M, Hasanzadeh A, Daneshamouz A. The effect of health education based on health belief model on preventive actions of smoking in grade one, middle school students. J Arak Univ Med Sci 2007;10(1): Edwards R. The problem of tobacco smoking. Br Med J 2004;328(7433): Fong GT, Cummings KM, Borland R, Hastings G, Hyland A, Giovino GA, et al. The conceptual framework of the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Policy Evaluation Project. Tob Control 2006;15(suppl 3):iii3 iii Mehrabi S, Delavari A, MoradiGh, Esmailnasab N, Pooladi A, Alikhani S, Alaeddini F. Smoking among 15-to 64-Year-Old Iranian People in Iran J Epidemiol 2007;2&1(3): Mermelstein R, Colby S. M, Patten C, Prokhorov A. Methodological issues in measuring treatment outcome in adolescent smoking cessation studies. Nicotine Tob Res 2002;4, Twardella D, Loew M, Rothenbacher D, Stegmaier C, Ziegler H, Brenner H. The diagnosis of a smoking-related disease is a prominent trigger for smoking cessation in a retrospective cohort study. J Clin Epidemiol 2006; 59: Westmaas JL, Langsam K. Unaided smoking cessation and predictors of failure to quit in a community sample: Effects of gender. Addictive Behaviors 2005; 30 : Schumann A, Christian Meyer, Meyer C, Rumpf HJ, Hapke U, John U. Naturalistic Changes in the Readiness to Quit Tobacco Smoking in a German General Population Sample. Preventive Medicine 2002; 35: Moshammer H, Neuberger M. Long term success of short smoking cessation seminars supported by occupational health care. Addictive Behaviors 2007; 32 : Arianpour M, Bahadori M, Imami H, Heydari GR, Arian M, Masjedi MR. Predection of smoking cessation bases on Fagerstrom test. J Hormozgan Univ Med Sci 2008;11(4): John U, Meyer C, Rumpf HJ, Hapke U. Relation among stage of change, demographic characteristics, smoking history, and nicotine dependence in an adult German population. Preventive Medicine 2003; 37 : Prochaska JO, Norcross JC. Systems of psychotherapy.a transtheoretical analysis.pacific Grove: Brooks/Cole; Hayden J. Introduction to Health Behavior Theory. Sudbury, Massachusetts: Jones and Bartlett publisher; P Emdadi SH. Nilsaze M. Hosseini B. Sohrabi F. Application of the Trans-Theoretical Model (TTM) to Exercise Behavior among Female College Students. J Res Health Sci 2007; 7(2): Heydari GR, SharifiMilani H, Hosseini M, Masjedi MR. The Effect of Training and Behavioral Therapy Recommendations on Smoking Cessatio. Tanaffos 2003; 2(6), Masjedi MR, AzaripourMasooleh H, Hosseini M, Heydari GH. Effective Factors on Smoking Cessation among the Smokers in the First Smoking Cessation Clinic in Iran. Tanaffos 2002; 1(4), Heydari GR. Good Time for Starting Smoking Cessation Programs. Pejouhandeh Quarterly Res J 2009;14(2): Shaban M, Nejati S, Mehran A, Saidi J. The effects of counseling on smoking cessation in

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13 The Journal of Urmia Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Vol 11(8), Sep, 2013 Original Article EFFECT OF EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM BASES ON TRANSTHEORETICAL MODEL CONSTRUCTS ON COGNITIVE AND BEHARIORAL PROCESSES FOR SMOKING CESSATION Hekmatpoue D 1, Ouroji MA 2, Shamsi M 3 * Received: 3 Jul, 2013; Accepted: 14 Sep, 2013 Abstract Background & Aims: Smoking as the leading cause of diseases in the world is increasing. Smoking cessetation can prevent the death, but the rate of quitting smoking is low. Transtheoritical model (TTM) is one of the models in health education that was applied successfully in quitting. The aim of this study was to investigate the duration of cessaation based on transtheoritical model on cognitive and behavioral processes. Materials & Methods: In a randomized clinical trial study, 110 smokers were divided into two groups of treatment and control. Data collection was done by using demoghraphic variables as well as a questionnaire based on TTM construction standard measures including cognitive and behavioral processes. Treatment group received 5 sessions of intervention, and smoking cessation rates were measured after 3 and 6 months. Data analyzed using repeated mesure analysis of variance, analysis of covariance and independent sample of t-test. Results: The mean age of the treatment and control groups was 38.1± 9.14 and 39.16±9.12 respectively, which was not statistically significant (p=0.322). In a 6 month followup after intervention, the mean cognitition score on the quitted, and nonquitted subjects was 3.045± 0.33, and 3.14± 0.55 respectively, which was statistically significant (p=0.014). Moreover, the mean behavior processes was 4.48± 0.18 and 2.73±.74 respectively, which was significant as well (p=0.024). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, continuous abstinence rate was significantly high among treatment group subjects comparing to the control group. Relevant organizations are suggested to be active on education, monitoring and follow-up of those who want to quit smoking. Key words: Smoking Cessetion, Cognitive Processes, Behavioral Processes, Transtheoritical Model Address: Arak, Arak University of Medical Sciences, School of Public Health, Departman of Health Education, Tel: (+98) dr.shamsi@arakmu.ac.ir 1 Assistant Professor, Department of Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery, Arak University of medical sciences, Arak, Iran 2 Ph.D Student of health education, Department of public health, School of health,arak University of Medical sciences, Arak, Iran 3 Assistant Professor of health education, Department of public health, School of health,arak University of Medical sciences, Arak, Iran(Corresponding Author)