This module includes content that may not be available in your Pharmacology textbook. All information within this module is testable.

Transcription

1 This module includes content that may not be available in your Pharmacology textbook. All information within this module is testable. The following content is covered: medical terminology, medical abbreviations, routes of administration, medication orders, the med pass & medication errors. P.Clark, 2015

2 Medical Terminology

3 Medical Terminology Greek or Latin Origin SPECIAL LANGUAGE FOR HEALTH OCCUPATIONS ROOT- THE FOUNDATION OF THE WORD PREFIX- PRECEDES THE WORD SUFFIX- FOLLOWS THE ROOT THE PREFIX AND SUFFIX CHANGE THE MEANING OF THE WORD

4 Languageinwonderland.wikispace.com If you know how to analyze the key elements and identify word associations then it is easier to understand

5 Examples of roots used in different places At the beginning: angioedema In the middle: encephalic At the end: scleroderma

6 MANY MEDICAL WORDS COMBINE ROOT WORDS The vowel o may be inserted between the two to make pronunciation easier Phot.o.therapy Erythr.o.cyte Therm.o.meter

7 Medical Terminology CONT. There are tons of SPELLING RULES!!! Endings of the words will alter the meaning or indicate the intended part of speech, e.g. is it being used as a noun, verb, or an adjective. e.g. Sternum= noun Sternal =adjective. e.g. Anemia=noun, Anemic= adjective e.g. Necrosis=noun, Necrotic= adjective e.g. Hypnosis=noun Hypnotize=verb

8 Prefix Consists of one or more letters attached to the beginning of a root Many of the prefixes used with a medical term are from standard English (e.g. anti=against) antislavery antihistamine To determine the meaning try to think of a familiar word that begins with the same prefix

9 Suffix Attached to the end When the suffix begins with a consonant an O is usually placed before the suffix e.g. Cyan.o.sis Y at the end of a word indicates a procedure, e.g. gastroscopy, laparoscopy ly at the end of a word denotes an act or process, e.g. splenomegaly

10 Pronouncing Medical Terms Only the s sound in ps is pronounced as in pseudomonas Only the n sound in pn is pronounced as in pnuemococcal g and c assume the soft sounds of j and s, when used before e, i, and y, e.g. gene, gingivitis, cycle, cytology ph sounds like f as in phlegm

11 Eponymous (E-pon-a-mes or an epo-nym) Terms Giving honor to a person by using their name in naming a tribe, place, etc. The person s name may be used in medical terms after they have discovered something E.g. Addison s, Alzheimer s & Cushing s disease

12 Medical Abbreviations Are still commonly used by health care providers In orders, and notes They can save time while documenting however there is a risk that the abbreviation or symbol can be misunderstood

13 Medical Abbreviations What do these mean? Bid, b.i.d. Tid, t.i.d. Qid, q.i.d. PRN, prn PO p.r. Stat ad lib npo Gtt, gtt I&O Asap SC or SubQ IM IV c s HCP Dr. FNP Hx, hx Dx, dx Sx, sx S/S Tx, tx Refer to page (Hitner) for some commonly used abbreviations and help with answering the list above.

14 Joint Commission (JCAHO) created a "do not use list": Unacceptable Meaning Misinterpretation abbreviation AU Each ear Each eye MgSo4 Magnesium Sulfate Morphine Sulfate MS, MSo4 Morphine Sulfate Magnesium Sulfate Q.D., QD, q.d., qd (daily) Q.O.D., QOD, q.o.d, qod (every other day) Mistaken for each other Mistaken ifqid or qd poorly written

15 Unacceptable abbreviation Meaning Misinterpretation 0 after decimal 1mg 10 if dec. not seen (do not use trailing 0) No 0 before decimal mg if decimal not seen IU SS,ss International. Units Sliding scale or ½ apothecary IV or #10 Mistaken as 55

16 For more assistance with medical terminology visit the on-line resources listed at the end of this powerpoint.

17 You Practice! Rewrite parts of a possible doctor s using the abbreviations we ve already mentioned. You may find some in the resources provided. 1. Diet as tolerated 2. Nothing by mouth after midnight 3. Maalox by mouth 10 gram twice a day, every other day for 4days then as needed 4. Vital signs every 15 minutes for one hour, then every hour for eight hours 5. Head of bed greater than 40 degrees and Oxygen 4 liters per minute via nasal cannula for shortness of breath 6. Demerol 50 milligram Intravenous push over 3mins, every four hours as needed for pain 7. Pheregan 25milligram intramuscular every six hours needed for nausea. 8. Bed rest 9. Turn, cough and deep breathe every two hours 10. Hemoglobin and Hematocrit at 6:00pm 11. Intravenous fluids-1000 milliliters of 0.45% Normal Saline over eight hours, follow by Intravenous fluid Ringer s Lactate to keep vein open. 12. Immediately report signs and symptoms of headache, hypertension and loss of consciousness

18 Answers 1. Diet ad lib 2. NPO p MN 3. Maalox p.o. 10g bid, every other day x 4 days then prn needed 4. VS q 15 mins x 1⁰, then q 1 ⁰ x 8 ⁰ 5. HOB >40 ⁰ and 4L/NC for SOB 6. Demerol 50 mg IVP over 3mins, q 4 ⁰prn pain 7. Pheregan 25mg IM q 6 ⁰ prn nausea. 8. BR 9. TCDB q 2 ⁰ 10. H 11. IVF 1000mL 0.45% N.S. over 8 ⁰, follow by IVF RL to KVO 12. Report STAT s/s of H/A, HTN, LOC

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