Intrathecal pumps for pain therapy. Lennart Stieglitz
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1 Itrathecal pumps for pai therapy Leart Stieglitz
2 Itrathecal pumps itrathecal? History Morphi Baclofe Evaluatio Implatatio Complicatios
3 Itrathekale Schmerztherapie Pai is perfect miserie, the worst of evils, ad, excessive, overturs all patiece. Joh Miller, Paradise Lost
4 itrathecal? The sesatio of pai has ist origis i the CNS ad is also processed there Aalgetics have to provide: Good resorptio, low systemic side-effects, good peetratio ito the CNS Aalgetics have to reach the CNS i cocetratios as high as possible to allow optimal effects. itrathecal? History Morphi Baclofe Evaluatio Implatatio Complicatios
5 itrathecal? Systemic (p.o. or pareteral) Itrathecal High dose required Dose lower towards p.o. by factor 300 Paret. By factor 100 Blood-brai-barrier Highest availability i the CNS Systemic ADR Mior systemic ADR itrathecal? History Morphi Baclofe Evaluatio Implatatio Complicatios
6 History 1898 August Bier: Versuche über die Cocaiisierug des Rückemarks 1976 Yaksh ud Rudy: Successful experimets with itrathecal morphi-admiistratio i aimals 1982 Itroductio of the first implatable pump Shirley Ifusaid Pump (Northwood) 1991 First programmable pump SychroMed (Medtroic) itrathecal? History Morphi Baclofe Evaluatio Implatatio Complicatios
7 History Idicatios: 1) Tumor related pai 1) Severe spasticity 2) Failed back surgery sydrome (FBSS) 3) Complex regioal pai sydrom (CRPS) 4) Postperpetic euralgia 5) Paiful periphere europathy itrathecal? History Morphi Baclofe Evaluatio Implatatio Complicatios
8 Morphi Aus: Nieuwehuys: Das Zetralervesystem des Mesche, 1988 itrathecal? History Morphi Baclofe Evaluatio Implatatio Complicatios
9 Morphi N-type- Calciumcaal Ca 2+ Noziceptive eurotrasmitter Mo μ Opioid rezeptor itrathecal? History Morphi Baclofe Evaluatio Implatatio Complicatios
10 Morphi - ADR -Lethargy/ Sedatio (10-14%) -Nausea / Vomitig (ca. 30%) -Obstipatio (ca. 30%) -Urie retetio(42-80%) -Pruritus (ca. 14%) (Severe i 1% of the pat.) -Myoclous (late, after moths) -Suppressio of sexual hormos (frequet) -Periphere edema, mior respose to diuretics (6-21%) -Respiratory depressio Dose maagemet Atiemetics (ad combiatios) Dose maagemet Dose maagemet Wears off after h, Atihistamis Dose maagemet / Chage to Hydromorphoe Substitutio Salt/Water-Restrictio, Stockigs Atagoizatio (Naloxo) Quelle: Rua, Pai Physicia 2007;10 itrathecal? History Morphi Baclofe Evaluatio Implatatio Complicatios
11 Baclofe itrathecal? History Morphi Baclofe Evaluatio Implatatio Complicatios
12 Baclofe Baclofe Ca 2+ N-Type- Ca 2+ - caal K + -Caal GABA B - Receptor GABA B - Receptor Noziceptive eurotrasmitter - präsyaptic: Ca 2+ -Iflow reduced (Reduced liberatio of NT ito syaptic cleft) - postsyaptic: K + -Iflow slightly raised (Hyperpolarisatio Reductio of the excitability) - Reduced liberatio of substace P i oziceptive afferet fibers(reduced mediatio of paiful muscle spasms) itrathecal? History Morphi Baclofe Evaluatio Implatatio Complicatios
13 Baclofe History: 1920 Developmet as atiepileptic drug 1970 Use as oral spasmolytic drug Kietics: - High resorptio from GI-tract - Hydrophil, therefore bad CNS peetratio ADR: Sedatio, cofusio, stragury, sleepiess Lethargy, bradykardia, respiratory depressio Dose maagemet (titratio) itrathecal? History Morphi Baclofe Evaluatio Implatatio Complicatios
14 Patiet selectio Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: Oral treatmet. Up to 90% of the patiets ca be treated sufficietly this way. Idicatio for itrathecal applicatio i case of: - failure of the systemic therapy - o-acceptable ADR Evaluatio of cost-effectiveess... itrathecal? History Morphi Baclofe Evaluatio Implatatio Complicatios
15 Treatmet costs Costs for implatatio of a pump: Material: ca CHF plus OP Mea umber of refills per year: 2-4 Costs per refill: ca. 300 CHF I case of tumor related pai: Cose-effective after 22 Mo No-maligat pai sydroms: Cost-effective after 3-6 Mo Hassebusch et al. J Pai Symptom Maage 1997;14 itrathecal? History Morphi Baclofe Evaluatio Implatatio Complicatios
16 Evaluatio Morphi 1. Step: Is there a profit from IT admiistratio? LP ad bolus admiistratio exteral pump p.o.-medicatio has to be cotiued to prevet withdrawal 2. Step: Neurological moitorig for 24h with Pulse-oxymetry Respiratory depressio Keep Naloxo at had. Start of therapeutic effect: mi after admiistratio. Duratio: 18-24h. 3. Step: Dose-calculatio. Reduktio i.c.o. former p.o.-admi. by 300x i.c.o. former pareteral admi. by 100x itrathecal? History Morphi Baclofe Evaluatio Implatatio Complicatios
17 Evaluatio Baclofe After test-admiistratio: Maximal effect at the lower extremities after 60 mi Start of effect at the upper extremities after 2 h, max. effect after 4 h. Cease of effect after 8-10h Judgemet of Effectiveess Accordig to the Ashworth-scale: Ashworth scale 1 Normal muscle tous 2 Slightly icreased muscle tous, catch -peomeo 3 Icreased muscle tous, good flexio 4 Severely icreased muscle tous, impaired passive movemet 5 Extremity is fixed i flexio or extesio itrathecal? History Morphi Baclofe Evaluatio Implatatio Complicatios
18 Implatatio itrathecal? History Morphi Baclofe Evaluatio Implatatio Complicatios
19 Complicatios Complicatio % of patiets Prevetio / Treatmet Superficial hematoma? Self-limited Epidural bleedig durig catheter isertio New eurologic deficit / pai? - Catheter implatatio uder fluoroscopic cotrol - MRT/CT? Preop. CT / MRT for exclusio of steosis etc. CSF leak Ca. 20% Self limited Rest, drikig Blood patch Quelle: Medtroic itrathecal? History Morphi Baclofe Evaluatio Implatatio Complicatios
20 Complicatios Catheter-related complicatios Catheter dislocatio / migratio % of patiets 6.1% Fracture / break 5.1% Kikig / occlusio 4.0% Cut / pucture 3.0% Discoectio from pump 0.7% Leak 0.4% Discoect 0.3% Misplacemet 0.3% Ukow 0.1% Tip fibrosis 0.1% Quelle: Medtroic itrathecal? History Morphi Baclofe Evaluatio Implatatio Complicatios
21 Evaluatioo of the overall ad eurological status of the patiet ad reactio to the therapy. Preparatio of the material Pump read-out Preparatio of drugs ad ski for pucture Emptyig of the pump Compariso of volumes Pump update Verificatio of the ext refill-appoitmet Documetatio itrathecal? History Morphi Baclofe Evaluatio Implatatio Complicatios
22 Peristaltic uit Catheter access poit (CAP) Coector for catheter Motor -port Electroics Fixatio loop Battery itrathecal? History Morphi Baclofe Evaluatio Implatatio Complicatios
23 The reservoir of the SychroMed II-pump has to be refilled regularly. The iterval depeds o: Drug cocetratio Drug storage life Reservoir volume Daily dosage / flexible dosage Aims of each refill appoitmet: Assessmet of eurological status ad therapeutic effect Assessmet of ecissity of dose titratio System check of the pump Moitorig of the disease Fixatio of the ext appoitmet documetatio itrathecal? History Morphi Baclofe Evaluatio Implatatio Complicatios
24 Use oly o-puchig Huber-eedles to prevet damagig of the device resultig i eed of explatatio. itrathecal? History Morphi Baclofe Evaluatio Implatatio Complicatios
25 Thak you for your attetio.
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