Drugs in Figures III Study of public expenditure on the drug phenomenon

Transcription

1 Drugs in Figures III Study of public expenditure on the drug phenomenon Delfine Lievens Freya Vander Laenen Ghent University 1

2 1. METHODOLOGY Background Since 1990 s: increasing importance of the evaluation of drug policy and policy programmes Since 2001 EMCDDA underlines the importance of studies on public expenditure on drug policy European studies: Sweden (Ramstedt, 2002), Luxembourg (Origer, 2002), the Netherlands (Rigter, 2003), France (Kopp & Fenoglio, 2006), Germany (Mostardt et al. 2010),... Belgian studies: Drugs in Figures I (2004) & II (2007) 2

3 Objective Estimation of Belgian public expenditures (2008) for illegal drugs and legal drugs (new) Concept public expenditure: «the composition of the drug budget as an estimation of public authorities expenditures on the drug policy» 3

4 Methodology (cf. Drugs in figures I & II) ISSDP Utrecht Data collection: top-down and check on top-down Data processing: Drug specific Proration technique Unit expenditure Classification: labelled or non-labelled 4

5 Methodology Classification of Reuter (2004): 1. Prevention 2. Treatment 3. Enforcement 4. Harm reduction (Drugs in figures I & II) Other: coordination, research, 5

6 2. RESULTS Potential Uses of Expenditure Estimates National Belgian context: 2.1. One time period: comparison across sectors or comparison to policy pronouncements 2.2. Comparison over time International context: 2.3. Cross-country comparison 6

7 2.1. Belgian context: baseline estimate Pillar Baseline fractionof total expenditures (%) Low high fractions (%) Prevention 1,22 0,93-1,78 Treatment 77,14 69,58-81,08 Harm reduction 0,21 0,16-0,30 Enforcement 21,26 17,70-28,08 Other 0,18 0,14-0,26 Total 100 7

8 Belgian context: comparison across sectors 0,21% 1,22% 0,18% 21,26% 77,14% Treatment Enforcement Harm reduction Prevention Other 8

9 Belgian context:comparison across type of drug Pillar illegal drugs alcohol tobacco psychoactive medication Total Prevention 85,95 % 3,87 % 10,18 % / Treatment 19,04 % 76,05 % 0,26 % 4,65 % 100% 100% Harm reduction 100 % / / / 100% Enforcement 59,77 % 36,74 % 3,49 % / Other 94,90 % / 5,10 % / 100% 100% 9

10 2.2. Belgian context: comparison over time (illegal drugs) ISSDP Utrecht Pillar Prevention 3.82 % 3.64 % Treatment % % Harm reduction? 0.72 % Enforcement % % Other 0.36 % 0.59 % Total 100 % 100 % 10

11 2.2. Belgian context: comparison over time (illegal drugs) with similar proration techniques Pillar Prevention 3.82 % 2.79 % Treatment % % Harm reduction? 0.55 % Enforcement % % Other 0.36 % 0.45 % Total 100 % 100 % 11

12 2.3. Cross-country comparison (illegal drugs) Country Year Expenditure (billion euro) Sweden (Ramstedt) United States (ONDCP) Australia (Moore) Netherlands (Rigter) Germany (Mostardt) Proportion of GDP(%) ISSDP Utrecht Per capita ,95 0, ,7 0, ,2 0,41 160, ,19 0, ,2 6,1 0,23-0,26 63,17-74,11 Belgium ,31 0,09 28,94 12

13 Cross-country comparison (illegal drugs) ISSDP Utrecht Country Year Prevention Treatment Harm reduction Enforcement Other Sweden % 24 % 0,1 % 75 % / Netherlands % 13 % 9 % 76 % / Country Year Prevention Treatment Harm reduction Australia Enforcement Other 23 % 17 % 3 % 55 % 1 % Belgium ,6 % 51 % 0,7 % 44 % 0,6 % 13

14 Reflection Comparison Belgian expenditures across type of drug: Illegal drugs: 28,83 % Alcohol: 66,52 % Tobacco: 1,08 % Comparison Belgian expenditures (similar proration techniques): Prevention Treatment Enforcement 14

15 Reflection Public expenditure studies & drug policy: For policy purposes -> complexity + (non) favourable results Top down: 98,8%- Check on top down: 1,2% Labelled: 8% - Non-labelled: 92% (= estimates) For scientific purposes heavy on description light on analysis Methodology: Results vary depending on the used method Classification: labelled or non-labelled Data collection varies by type of drug 15

16 Want to read more? VANDER LAENEN, F., VANDAM, L., DE RUYVER, B., LIEVENS, D., Studies on public drug expenditure in Europe, possibilities and limitations, Bulletin on Narcotics, vol. LX, VAN MALDEREN, S., VANDER LAENEN, F., DE RUYVER, B., The study of expenditure on drugs, a useful evaluation tool for policy, in Cools et al., Gofs Research Paper Series, Contemporary Issues in the Empirical Study of Crime, DE RUYVER, B., VAN MALDEREN, S., VANDER LAENEN, F., "Study into public expenditures with regard to national drug policies. A feasible plan for the national focal points". Paper for the Expert Meeting on the Methodology to Estimate Drug- Related Expenditures in the European Union, December, 2007, Lisbon, organised by the EMCDDA,