Clinical enzymology. University of Babylon College of pharmacy Second semester - biochemistry 3 rd class By Dr. Abdulhussien M. K.
|
|
- Hope Weaver
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Clinical enzymology University of Babylon College of pharmacy Second semester - biochemistry 3 rd class By Dr. Abdulhussien M. K. Aljebory
2 Enzyme activity Enzyme assays usually depend on the measurement the catalytic activity of the enzyme, rather than the concentration of the enzyme protein itself. One international unit is the amount of enzyme that will convert one micromole of substrate per minute per litre of sample and is abbreviated as U/L. Katal (catalytic activity) is defined as the number of mole of substrate transformed per second per litre of sample.
3 Disadvantages of enzyme assays A major disadvantage in the use of enzymes for the diagnosis of tissue damage is their lack of specificity to a particular tissue or cell type. Many enzymes are common to more than one tissue. This problem may be obviated to some extent in two ways: first, different tissues may contain (and thus release when they are damaged) two or more enzymes in different proportions Second, some enzymes exist in different forms (isoforms) Individual isoforms are often characteristic of a particular tissue: although they may have similar catalytic activities
4 Enzymes as Cardiac Markers Creatine kinase (CK or CPK) Aspartate amino transferase (AST) Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH or LD) Creatine Kinase A cytoplasmic and mitochondriac enzyme Total CK is %40 sensitive and %80 specific CK-1(BB) : Brain CK-2(MB) :Myocardium CK-3(MM) :Skeletal muscle,heart CK-3 has 3 isoforms :CK-3 1, CK-3 2 products) CK-2 has 2 isoforms and CK-3 3 (posttranslational
5 Half life :CK-3 1 > CK-3 2 >CK-3 3, CK-2 1 >CK-2 2 CK-MB (CK-2) has the most specificity for cardiac muscle (>%85) CK-MB (CK-2) accounts for only 3-20 % of total CK activity in heart Normal skeletal muscle contains 1 % CK-2 CK-2 is increased in severe skeletal muscle injury (trauma/surgery ),chronic muscle disease (muscular dystrophy, polymyositis ) and extreme exercise. Reason:Regeneration process of muscle (reexpression of CK-MB genes ) In AMI,CK-MB increases at least 4-6 hr.after onset of chest pain,makes a peak at hr. and returns to baseline level in 2-3 days (t 1/2 is hr )
6 Factors that might affect the classic pattern 1-Size of infarction 2-CK-2 composition in myocardium 3-Concomitant skelatal muscle injury and reperfusion Differentation of increased CK-2 due to heart or muscle monoclonic anti CK-2 antibody based assays %relative index (%RI)= CK-2 activity /total CK X %100 helpful in the detection of AMI CK-2 2 : the predominant isoform in blood collected 2-6 hr. after AMI.It makes a peak hr.,decreases rapidly hr concomitantly as CK-2 1 gradually increases.
7 Following trombolitic therapy in AMI patients, greater than two fold increases of CK-2 occur within 90 min. of reperfusion The rate of which CK-2 isoform is released from the myocardium to circulation appears to be the more useful index of coronary reperfusion CK2 2 CK-2 1 ratio best discriminant within 1 hr. after treatment
8 Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) A cytoplasmic enzyme found in skeletal, muscle, liver, heart, kidney and red blood cells 5 izoenzymes, composed of 4 subunit peptides of 2 distinct types:m (muscle ), H (heart) LDH isoenzyme determination increases specificity for cardiac tissue. LD1 (HHHH):moves fastest towards anode LD5 (MMMM):moves closest towards cathode LD2 (HHHM ) LD3 (HHMM ) LD4 (HMMM ) LD1 in heart,kidney(cortex), red blood cells LD5 in liver,skeletal muscle
9 In healthy adults: % LD1 (slow removal ) 29-39% LD % LD % LD % LD5 (rapid disappearance ) Not a tissue specific enzyme In AMI total LD -elevation at hr peak at hr return to baseline level after 6-10 days
10 LD 1 (heart) elevation at hr clinical specificity in patients suspected of AMI peak at hr return to normal >10 days Total LD patern LD1 pattern (contrast with total CK and CK-2 pattern) Because of its prolonged half life, LD-1 is a clinically sensitive (%90) marker for infarction when measured after 24 hr. LD1 LD2 >1,0 FLIPPED PATTERN (clinical sensitivity %75, clinical specificity in patients suspected of AMI) if CK-2 values are diagnostic for AMI, cancel LD isoenzyme test request, because LD isoenzyme results don t increase the clinical specificity of diagnostic CK-2 results for AMI
11 As with CK-2 in skeletal muscle, the heart specific LD-1 isoenzyme in skeletal muscle can increase twofold during a 9-wk exercise training, with paralel decreases in LD-5 LD and isoenzymes play no role in unstable and stable angina.
12 Aspartate aminotransferase (AST ) Widely distributed in many tissues Highest concentrations are found in cardiac tissue, liver and skeletal muscle. Clinical utility in hepatocellular disorders and skeletal involvement. Unuseful in diagnosis of AMI Beginsto rise within 6-8 hr. Makes a peak at 24 hr. Generally returns to normal within 5 days.
13 Functions of liver 1 2 Excretory function: bile pigments, bile salts and cholesterol are excreted in bile into intestine. Metabolic function: liver actively participates in carbohydrate, lipid, protein, mineral and vitamin metabolisms. 3 Hematological function: liver is also produces clotting factors like factor V, VII. Fibrinogen involved in blood coagulation is also synthesized in liver. It synthesize plasma proteins and destruction of erythrocytes. 4 Storage functions: glycogen, vitamins A, D and B12,and trace element iron are stored in liver. 5 Protective functions and detoxification: Ammonia is detoxified to urea. kupffer cells of liver perform phagocytosis to eliminate foreign compounds. Liver is responsible for the metabolism of xenobiotic.
14 Classification of liver functions test Classified based on the major functions of liver: 1 Excretion: Measurement of bile pigments, bile salts. 2 Serum enzymes: Transaminase (ALT, AST), alkaline phosphate(alp), 5 -nucleotidase, LDH isoenzyme. 3 Synthetic function: Prothrombin time, serum albumin. 4 Metabolic capacity: Galactose tolerance and antipyrine clearance 5 Detoxification :
15 Serum enzymes A large number of enzyme estimations are available which are used to ascertain liver function. They are be divided into two groups: I: most commonly and routinely done in the laboratory. serum transaminase(alt/ast) serum alkaline phosphate(alp) II: not routinely done in the laboratory. ALT or sgpt (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase)
16 AST or sgot (serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase)
17 organ GOT GPT organ GOT GPT heart liver skeletal kidney pancrease spleen lung serum GPT: Normal range: 2-59 U/L GOT: Normal range: U/L
18 Therefore, when the liver is injured, GPT is released into the bloodstream. Elevated levels of GPT may indicate : alcoholic liver disease cancer of the liver cholestasis or congestion of the bile ducts cirrhosis or scarring of the liver with loss of function death of liver tissue Hepatitis or inflammation of the liver noncancerous tumor of the liver use of medicines or drugs toxic to the liver
19 GOT GOT also reflects damage to the hepatic cells and is less specific for liver disease. It can also be released with heart, muscle and brain disorders. Therefore, this test may be ordered to help diagnose various heart, muscle or brain disorders, such as a myocardial infarct (heart attack).
20 Elevated levels of GOT may indicate : acute hemolytic anemia, acute pancreatitis or inflammation of the pancreas. acute renal failure or loss of kidney function. cirrhosis of the liver. Hepatitis heart attack primary muscle disease recent surgery severe burns muscle injury
21 Although GOT is not a specific for liver as the GPT, ratios between GPT and GOT are useful to physicians in assessing the etiology of liver enzyme abnormalities. normally: GPT is normal, GOT is normal, GPT/GOT is about Virus hepatitis: GPT, GOT is normal,gpt/got>1,even more than 2.5; chronic hepatitis : GPT,GOT GPT/GOT is about 1. Liver cancer, cirrhosis, Alcohol-induced hepatitis: GPT,GOT < 1, about 0.6~0.7. Accute myocardial infarct :< 1 GPT and GOT is in the different distribution of the hepatocytes. GPT exists primarily in the cytoplasm of liver cell. if there is a slight liver cell damage, GPT firstly leak into the bloodstream, so that the serum GPT increased. The GOT mainly in the "mitochondria of liver cells, the mitochondria are "bubble" in the liver cell cytoplasm. if there is a slight liver cell damage, GOT don`t leak into the bloodstream. When the GOT was significantly higher, mitochondria of liver cells are injuries.
22 Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) Normal serum level of ALP is U/L or mmol/(hour L). This enzyme present in high concentrations in the liver bone (osteoblasts) placenta intestinal epithelium. ALP is a hydrolase enzyme responsible for removing phosphate groups from many types of molecules, including nucleotides and proteins. most effective in an alkaline environment in humans, alkaline phosphatase is present in all tissues throughout the entire body, but is particularly concentrated in liver, bile duct, kidney, bone, and the placenta. Levels are significantly higher in children and pregnant women.
23 Higher levels of ALP than normal may indicate: liver disease bone disease leukemia, a cancer of the blood and bone marrow various hormone problems pregnancy Lower levels of ALP than normal may indicate: anemia, or a low red blood cell count malnutrition various hormone problems
24 Mechanism of increase in ALP in liver disease: Increase in the activity of ALP in liver disease is not due to hepatic cell disruption, nor to a failure of clearance, but rather to increased synthesis of hepatic ALP. The stimulus for this increased synthesis in patients with liver disease has been attributed to bile duct obstruction by stone,tumors, intrahepatically by infiltrative disorders or space-occupying lesions. It is used for many years in differential diagnosis of jaundice. it is increased in both infectious hepatitis (viral hepatitis) and posthepatic jaundice, but the rise is usually much greater in case of obstructive jaundice. dividing line which has been suggested is 35KA units/ml. a value higher than 35KA units/ml is strongly suggestive of diagnosis of obstructive jaundice, in which very high figures even up to 200KA units/ml or more may be found. Serum ALP is found to be normal in haemolytic jaundice.
Lec: 21 Biochemistry Dr. Anwar J Almzaiel. Clinical enzymology. Very efficient can increase reaction rates at the order of x 10
Clinical enzymology Enzymes Biological catalysis Very efficient can increase reaction rates at the order of x 10 All are proteins- so liable to denaturation Specific to substrates Partly specific to tissues
More informationLiver Function Tests. Dr. Abdulhussien Aljebory Babylon university College of Pharmacy
Liver Function Tests Dr. Abdulhussien Aljebory Babylon university College of Pharmacy FUNCTIONS OF LIVER Metabolic function Excretory function Synthetic fuction Detoxification function Storage function
More informationProtein & Enzyme Lab (BBT 314)
Protein & Enzyme Lab (BBT 314) Experiment 3 A: Determination of the enzyme ALT or SGPT activity in serum by enzymatic method using Bioanalyzer Background: Alanine aminotransferase (glutamate pyruvate transaminase)
More informationPathophysiology I Liver and Biliary Disease
Pathophysiology I Liver and Biliary Disease The Liver The liver is located in the right upper portion of the abdominal cavity just beneath the right side of the rib cage. The liver has many functions that
More informationClinical Enzymology (plasma enzyme in diagnosis)
Clinical Enzymology (plasma enzyme in diagnosis) Prof. Dr. Abdulhussien M.K. Aljebory College of pharmacy Babylon university 5 th class Clinical biochemistry 12/14/2016 abdulhussien aljebory 1 Most enzymes
More informationExperiment 6. Determination of the enzyme ALT or SGPT activity in serum by enzymatic method using Biophotometer
Experiment 6 Determination of the enzyme ALT or SGPT activity in serum by enzymatic method using Biophotometer Background: Alanine aminotransferase (glutamate pyruvate transaminase) belongs to the group
More informationUse of enzymes as diagnostic markers. Evaluation of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzymes by agarose gel electrophoresis
Use of enzymes as diagnostic markers Evaluation of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzymes by agarose gel electrophoresis Lactate dehydrogenase LDH tetramer M (gene LDHA, ch.11) H (gene LDHB, ch.12) LDH
More informationCLINICAL ENZYMOLOGY MODULE 23.1 INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES 23.2 PLASMA ENZYMES. Notes
23 CLINICAL ENZYMOLOGY 23.1 INTRODUCTION Enzymes are catalysts that increase the rate or velocity of physiologic reactions. Each and every reaction in our body takes place with the help of an enzyme. In
More informationInterpreting Liver Function Tests
PSH Clinical Guidelines Statement 2017 Interpreting Liver Function Tests Dr. Asad A Chaudhry Consultant Hepatologist, Chaudhry Hospital, Gujranwala, Pakistan. Liver function tests (LFTs) generally refer
More informationBIOCHEMICAL EXAMINATION OF ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. Written by Lenka Fialová, translated by Jan Pláteník
BIOCHEMICAL EXAMINATION OF ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION 1 Structure of heart muscle Written by Lenka Fialová, translated by Jan Pláteník Heart muscle (myocardium) is a particular form of striated muscle,
More information-Liver function tests -
-Liver function tests - Biochimestry teamwork Osamah Al-Jarallah Abdulaziz Al-Shamlan Abdullah Al-Mazyad Turki Al-Otaibi Khalid Al-Khamis Saud Al-awad KhaledAlmohaimede Meshal Al-Otaibi Al-Anood Asiri
More informationBiochemical Investigations in Liver Disease. Dr Roshitha de Silva Department of Pathology Faculty of Medicine University of Kelaniya
Biochemical Investigations in Liver Disease Dr Roshitha de Silva Department of Pathology Faculty of Medicine University of Kelaniya Biochemical markers Albumin ALP ALT, AST Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase
More informationBiochemistry Liver Function Tests (LFTs)
HbA NH 2 H 2 O 2 KClO3 Cl 2 O 7 PO 4 CH2O NAOH KMnO 4 M E D I C I N E KING SAUD UNIVERSITY Co 2 COOH MgCl 2 H 2 O Important Extra Information Doctors slides Doctors notes SO 2 HCN CCl 4 CuCl 2 SiCl 4 Biochemistry
More informationChemistry Reference Ranges and Critical Values
Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT, SGPT) 3-9 years 9-18 years 1-9 years 9-18 years 10-30 U/L 10-30 U/L 10-20 U/L Albumin 0-6 days 6 days - 37 months 37 months - 7 years 7-20 years 2.6-3.6 g/dl 3.4-4.2 g/dl
More informationChemistry Reference Ranges and Critical Values
Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT, SGPT) 3-9 years 9-18 years 1-9 years 9-18 years 10-25 U/L 10-35 U/L 10-30 U/L 10-25 U/L 10-30 U/L 10-35 U/L 10-25 U/L 10-35 U/L 10-25 U/L 10-20 U/L 10-35 U/L Albumin 0-6
More informationMohammad Alfarra. Faisal Al Nemri. Hala Al Suqi
25 Mohammad Alfarra Faisal Al Nemri Hala Al Suqi Review: - Modes of regulation:- Feed-back regulation is when an enzyme present early in a biochemical pathway is regulated by a late product of the pathway.
More informationLIVER FUNCTION TESTS. G M Kellerman. Hunter Area Pathology Service
LIVER FUNCTION TESTS G M Kellerman Hunter Area Pathology Service FUNCTIONS OF LIVER Carbohydrate metabolism storage (glycogen), release, synthesis (gluconeogenesis), interconversion (galactose, fructose),
More informationBiomarkers of myocardial infarction. Dr. Mamoun Ahram Cardiovascular system, 2013
Biomarkers of myocardial infarction Dr. Mamoun Ahram Cardiovascular system, 2013 References This lecture Hand-outs Acute Myocardial Infarction A rapid development of myocardial necrosis caused by prolonged
More informationWhat are enzyme markers?
What are enzyme markers? Enzymes are highly specialized complex proteins that aid chemical changes in every part of the body. For example, they help break down food so your body can use it effectively.
More informationLiver Function Tests
Liver Function Tests The liver is of vital importance in intermediary metabolism and in the detoxification and elimination of toxic substances. Damage to the organ may not obviously affects its activity
More informationAdams Memorial Hospital Decatur, Indiana EXPLANATION OF LABORATORY TESTS
Adams Memorial Hospital Decatur, Indiana EXPLANATION OF LABORATORY TESTS Your health is important to us! The test descriptions listed below are for educational purposes only. Laboratory test interpretation
More informationCITY AND HACKNEY CCG ABNORMAL LIVER FUNCTION TESTS (LFTs) in ADULTS
CITY AND HACKNEY CCG ABNORMAL LIVER FUNCTION TESTS (LFTs) in ADULTS Interpreting abnormal liver function tests (LFTs) and trying to diagnose any underlying liver disease is a common scenario in Primary
More informationBCM 317 LECTURE OJEMEKELE O.
BCM 317 LECTURE BY OJEMEKELE O. JAUNDICE Jaundice is yellowish discoloration of the skin, sclera and mucous membrane, resulting from an increased bilirubin concentration in the body fluid. It is usually
More informationPlasma proteins and enzymes. Presented by Dr. Mohammad Saadeh The requirements for the Clinical Chemistry Philadelphia University Faculty of pharmacy
Plasma proteins and enzymes Presented by Dr. Mohammad Saadeh The requirements for the Clinical Chemistry Philadelphia University Faculty of pharmacy Introduction Blood proteins, also termed plasma proteins
More informationHEPETIC SYSTEMS BIOCHEMICAL HEPATOCYTIC SYSTEM HEPATOBILIARY SYSTEM RETICULOENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM
EVALUATION OF LIVER FUNCTION R. Mohammadi Biochemist (Ph.D.) Faculty member of Medical Faculty HEPETIC SYSTEMS BIOCHEMICAL HEPATOCYTIC SYSTEM HEPATOBILIARY SYSTEM RETICULOENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM METABOLIC FUNCTION
More informationPharmacologyonline 2: (2010) Newsletter Kakadiya and Shah
ROLE OF CREATINE KINASE MB AND LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE IN CARDIAC FUNCTION A REVIEW Jagdish Kakadiya*, Nehal Shah Department of Pharmacology, Dharmaj Degree Pharmacy College, Petlad- Khambhat Road, Dharmaj,
More informationIN THE NAME OF GOD. D r. MANIJE DEZFULI AZAD UNIVERCITY OF TEHRAN BOOALI HOSPITAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES SPECIALIST
IN THE NAME OF GOD AZAD UNIVERCITY OF TEHRAN BOOALI HOSPITAL D r. MANIJE DEZFULI INFECTIOUS DISEASES SPECIALIST Acute Viral Hepatitis The Anatomy of the Liver Hepatic Physiology Liver: Largest solid organ
More informationAbnormal Liver Chemistries. Lauren Myers, MMsc. PA-C Oregon Health and Science University
Abnormal Liver Chemistries Lauren Myers, MMsc. PA-C Oregon Health and Science University Disclosure 1. The speaker/planner Lauren Myers, MMSc, PA-C have no relevant financial relationships to disclose
More informationLiver function and clinical chemistry of liver
INTRODUCTION Liver function and clinical chemistry of liver The liver plays a major role in carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism with the processes of glycolysis, the Krebs cycle,,homeostasis synthesis
More informationLaboratory diagnosis of plasma proteins and plasma enzymes
Laboratory diagnosis of plasma proteins and plasma enzymes Functions of plasma proteins Function: transport humoral immunity enzymes protease inhibitors maintenance of oncotic pressure buffering Example:
More informationMed Chem 535 Diagnostic Medicinal Chemistry. Blood Proteins and Serum Enzymes
Med Chem 535 Diagnostic Medicinal Chemistry Blood Proteins and Serum Enzymes I. Blood Proteins A. Total Protein* B. Albumin* C. The Globulins D. Fibrinogen E. Serum Enzymes II. Liver Function Tests A.
More informationDiseases of liver. Dr. Mohamed. A. Mahdi 4/2/2019. Mob:
Diseases of liver Dr. Mohamed. A. Mahdi Mob: 0123002800 4/2/2019 Cirrhosis Cirrhosis is a complication of many liver disease. Permanent scarring of the liver. A late-stage liver disease. The inflammation
More information6. Production or formation of plasma protein and clotting factors and heparin.
Liver function test Clinical pathology dr. Ali H. Liver function test The liver has many vital physiologic functions involving synthesis, excretion, and storage. When a disease process damages cells within
More informationClinician Blood Panel Results
Page 1 of 8 Blood Panel - Markers Out of Range and Patterns (Pattern: proprietary formula using one or more Blood Markers) Blood Panel: Check for Markers that are out of Lab Range ***NOTE*** Only one supplement
More informationENZYME MARKERS OF TOXICITY
Why do we need enzyme markers? ENZYME MARKERS OF TOXICITY In vivo monitoring Serial sampling Early detection of metabolic changes Detection of organ-specific effects Establishment of NO EFFECT level Determination
More informationMethods of Enzyme Assay
Methods of Enzyme Assay Introduction All enzyme assays measure either the consumption of substrate or production of product over time. Different enzymes require different estimation methods dependingon
More informationBIOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS IN THE DIAGNOSTICS OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS. As. MARUSHCHAK M.I.
BIOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS IN THE DIAGNOSTICS OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS As. MARUSHCHAK M.I. Heart attack symptoms Acute MI Measurement of cardiac enzyme levels Measure cardiac enzyme levels at regular
More informationMethods of Enzyme Assay. By: Amal Alamri
Methods of Enzyme Assay By: Amal Alamri Introduction: All enzyme assays measure either the consumption of substrate or production of product over time. Different enzymes require different estimation methods
More informationTables of Normal Values (As of February 2005)
Tables of Normal Values (As of February 2005) Note: Values and units of measurement listed in these Tables are derived from several resources. Substantial variation exists in the ranges quoted as normal
More informationDIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF SERUM ENZYMES-A REVIEW ON LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS. ABSTRACT
DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF SERUM ENZYMES-A REVIEW ON LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS. 1 VIDYA SAGAR, M.SC., 2 DR. VANDANA BERRY, MD AND DR.ROHIT J. CHAUDHARY, MD 1 Vice Principal, Institute of Allied Health Sciences,
More informationHOW TO DEAL WITH THOSE ABNORMAL LIVER ENZYMES David C. Twedt DVM, DACVIM Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO
HOW TO DEAL WITH THOSE ABNORMAL LIVER ENZYMES David C. Twedt DVM, DACVIM Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO The identification of abnormal liver enzymes usually indicates liver damage but rarely
More informationCommunity health day. General Robert H. Reed Recreation Center 800 Gabreski Lane, Myrtle Beach Friday, May 11 7:30-10:30 a.m.
Community health day General Robert H. Reed Recreation Center 800 Gabreski Lane, Myrtle Beach Friday, May 11 7:30-10:30 a.m. Health screenings to be offered include: Chemistry profile...$20 TSH (thyroid
More informationRoutine Clinic Lab Studies
Routine Lab Studies Routine Clinic Lab Studies With all lab studies, a Tacrolimus level will be obtained. These drug levels are routinely assessed to ensure that there is enough or not too much anti-rejection
More informationLIVER FUNCTION TESTS
LIVER FUNCTION TESTS TtáxÜ `A TuwxÄté Å? c{w Assistant professor of Medical Biochemistry Zagazig University, Egypt University of Bisha, KSA aaserabdelazim@yahoo.com 3/20/2018 of Clinical Medical Biochemistry
More informationUNIVERSITY OF PNG SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES DIVISION OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES Discipline of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
UNIVERSITY OF PNG SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES DIVISION OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES Discipline of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 1 PBL SEMINAR ACUTE & CHRONIC ETHANOL EFFECTS An Overview Sites
More informationWEEK. MPharm Programme. Liver Biochemistry. Slide 1 of 49 MPHM14 Liver Biochemistry
MPharm Programme Liver Biochemistry Slide 1 of 49 MPHM Liver Biochemistry Learning Outcomes Assess and evaluate the signs and symptoms of illness Assess and critically appraise a patients medication regimen,
More informationANAESTHESIA AND LIVER DISEASE: UNDERSTANDING BLOOD RESULTS
Vet Times The website for the veterinary profession https://www.vettimes.co.uk ANAESTHESIA AND LIVER DISEASE: UNDERSTANDING BLOOD RESULTS Author : Marieke De Vries Categories : Vets Date : September 26,
More informationHepatocytes produce. Proteins Clotting factors Hormones. Bile Flow
R.J.Bailey MD Hepatocytes produce Proteins Clotting factors Hormones Bile Flow Trouble.. for the liver! Trouble for the Liver Liver Gall Bladder Common Alcohol Hep C Fatty Liver Cancer Drugs Viruses Uncommon
More informationInterpreting Liver Tests What Do They Mean? Roman E. Perri, MD
Interpreting Liver Tests What Do They Mean? Roman E. Perri, MD The assessment of patients with abnormal liver tests is common in both primary care and gastroenterology clinics. However, among patients
More informationARTIFICIAL ORGANS. The Liver. Sarah Waller Nathan De Jong
1 ARTIFICIAL ORGANS The Liver Sarah Waller Nathan De Jong WHAT IS THE LIVER? The largest internal organ, weighing around 3 lbs in an adult male Forms a key part in metabolism and digestion Also filters
More informationEXAM COVER SHEET. Course Code: CLS 432. Course Description: Clinical Biochemistry. Final Exam. Duration: 2 hour. 1st semester 1432/1433.
EXAM COVER SHEET Course Code: CLS 432 Course Description: Clinical Biochemistry Final Exam Duration: 2 hour 1st semester 1432/1433 Student Name: Student Uni No: Part 1 Multiple choice questions Answer
More informationMuscle Metabolism. Dr. Nabil Bashir
Muscle Metabolism Dr. Nabil Bashir Learning objectives Understand how skeletal muscles derive energy at rest, moderate exercise, and strong exercise. Recognize the difference between aerobic and anaerobic
More informationHepatology Case reports
Hepatology Case reports Prof.. MUDr. Libor VítekV tek,, PhD, MBA IV. Dept. Int Med and Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and laboratory diagnostics VFN and 1. LF UK in Praze Biochemical methods in hepatology
More informationLa b o r at o ry Test s a n d Pr o c e d u r e s
c h a p t e r La b o r at o ry Test s a n d Pr o c e d u r e s 6 Tina M. St. John, MD Introduction Chronic hepatitis C is a complex disease. The course and symptoms vary from one person to another. The
More informationFunctions of Blood. Transport. Transport. Defense. Regulation. Unit 6 Cardiovascular System: Blood
Unit 6 Cardiovascular System: Blood Functions of Blood With each beat of the heart, approximately 75 ml of blood is pumped On average, the heart beats 70 times per minute Every minute, the heart pumps
More informationIntegration of Metabolism
Integration of Metabolism Metabolism is a continuous process. Thousands of reactions occur simultaneously in order to maintain homeostasis. It ensures a supply of fuel, to tissues at all times, in fed
More informationBurak DiK 1, Emre BAHCIVAN 1,2, Hatice ESER 1,3, Kamil UNEY 1
Burak DiK 1, Emre BAHCIVAN 1,2, Hatice ESER 1,3, Kamil UNEY 1 1 Selcuk University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Konya, TURKEY 2 Kafkas University Faculty of Veterinary
More informationInternationally indexed journal
www.ijpbs.net Internationally indexed journal Indexed in Chemical Abstract Services (USA), Index coppernicus, Ulrichs Directory of Periodicals, Google scholar, CABI,DOAJ, PSOAR, EBSCO, Open J gate, Proquest,
More informationGastrointestinal System: Accessory Organ Disorders
Gastrointestinal System: Accessory Organ Disorders Mary DeLetter, PhD, RN Associate Professor Dept. of Baccalaureate and Graduate Nursing Eastern Kentucky University Disorders of Accessory Organs Portal
More informationComparative Study of the Serum Bilirubin and Various Other Liver Related Enzymes in Different Types of Jaundice
DOI: 10.21276/aimdr.2018.4.4.BC12 Original Article ISSN (O):2395-2822; ISSN (P):2395-2814 Comparative Study of the Serum Bilirubin and Various Other Liver Related Enzymes in Different Types of Kedar Prasad
More informationChapter 4. M.G.Rajanandh, Department of Pharmacy Practice, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM University.
Chapter 4 M.G.Rajanandh, Department of Pharmacy Practice, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM University. RBC (Erythrocytes): RBC COUNT: NORMAL VALUES: For men: 4.3-5.9 millions/mm 3 of blood. For women: 3.5-5.0
More informationMetabolism of cardiac muscle. Dr. Mamoun Ahram Cardiovascular system, 2013
Metabolism of cardiac muscle Dr. Mamoun Ahram Cardiovascular system, 2013 References This lecture Mark s Basic Medical Biochemistry, 4 th ed., p. 890-891 Hand-out Why is this topic important? Heart failure
More informationCHEM121. Unit 6: Enzymes. Lecture 10. At the end of the lecture, students should be able to:
CHEM121 Unit 6: Enzymes Lecture 10 At the end of the lecture, students should be able to: Define the term enzyme Name and classify enzymes according to the: type of reaction catalyzed type of specificity
More informationWhat Does My Blood Test Mean
What Does My Blood Test Mean CBC with Differential This means that your doctor wants to know the amounts and proportions among the various components of your blood, explained below. The term differential
More informationMr Ricky Gellissen Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
Mr Ricky Gellissen Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK Ms Sally Bufton University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham Mrs Janet Catt Royal Free
More informationAcute coronary syndromes
Acute coronary syndromes 1 Acute coronary syndromes Acute coronary syndromes results primarily from diminished myocardial blood flow secondary to an occlusive or partially occlusive coronary artery thrombus.
More informationClinician Blood Panel Results
Page 1 of 7 Blood Panel - Markers Out of Range and Patterns (Pattern: proprietary formula using one or more Blood Markers) Blood Panel: Check for Markers that are out of Lab Range ***NOTE*** Only one supplement
More informationACUTE & CHRONIC ETHANOL EFFECTS An Overview
ACUTE & CHRONIC ETHANOL EFFECTS An Overview University of Papua New Guinea School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Division of Basic Medical Sciences Clinical Biochemistry: PBL Seminar MBBS Yr 4 VJ Temple
More informationROTUNDA HOSPITAL DEPARTMENT OF LABORATORY MEDICINE
This active test table informs the user of Biochemistry tests available in house. s referred to other sites are recorded in the Referred Table. Issue date: 4 TH April 2016 Contact Phone Number ext.1345/2522
More informationChapter 18 Liver and Gallbladder
Chapter 18 Liver and Gallbladder 解剖學科徐淑媛 本堂重點 1. Liver : functions & histology 2. Gallbladder Physiology Liver Produce circulating plasma proteins Vitamin Iron Degradation Metabolism Bile manufacture (exocrine)
More informationThe Blood Chemistry Panel Explained
The Blood Chemistry Panel Explained The Senior Profile (for senior and geriatric patients) As our dogs and cats enter their senior years, we recognize that they are more likely to have health problems
More informationBIOCHEMICAL REPORT. Parameters Unit Finding Normal Value. Lipase U/L Amylase U/L
Lipase U/L 88.9 10-195 Amylase U/L 1181.1 371.3-1192.6 West Delhi :- 7/148, Opp. MCD Office, Major Pankaj Batra Marg, Near Ramesh Nagar, New Delhi-15, Ph. : 011-47562566,9999830187 Liver Function Test
More informationLab Values Chart. Name of Test Purpose Normal Range (Adult) High Results Mean Low Results Mean. 1 5 or 1.5 (depends on unit of measure)
Lab Values Chart Name of Test Purpose Normal Range (Adult) High Results Mean Low Results Mean Albumin (blood) Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (blood) Diagnose, evaluate, and monitor disease state of cancer,
More informationPublished on Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (http://www.lf2.cuni.cz )
Published on Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University (http://www.lf2.cuni.cz ) Biochemistry Submitted by Marie Havlová on 8. February 2012-0:00 Syllabus of Biochemistry Mechanisms of enzyme catalysis.
More informationUrea cycle: Urea cycle is discovered by Krebs andhanseleit(1932).
Urea cycle: Urea cycle is discovered by Krebs andhanseleit(1932). Urea cycle is the removal of excess of NH2 derived from amino acids catabolism in the tissues and excreted in urine. Site of synthesis:
More informationBASIC ENZYMOLOGY 1.1
BASIC ENZYMOLOGY 1.1 1.2 BASIC ENZYMOLOGY INTRODUCTION Enzymes are synthesized by all living organisms including man. These life essential substances accelerate the numerous metabolic reactions upon which
More informationABNORMAL LIVER FUNCTION TESTS. Dr Uthayanan Chelvaratnam Hepatology Consultant North Bristol NHS Trust
ABNORMAL LIVER FUNCTION TESTS Dr Uthayanan Chelvaratnam Hepatology Consultant North Bristol NHS Trust INTRODUCTION Liver function tests Cases Non invasive fibrosis measurement Questions UK MORTALITY RATE
More informationDrug therapy in patient with hepatic impairment
Drug therapy in patient with hepatic impairment Arzneimitteltherapie bei Leberinsuffizienz Dominik Wilke 03/04 Mai 2018 43. ADKA-Kongress, Stuttgart Functions of the Liver I Metabolism (Carbohydrates,
More informationAnatomy Jessica Ferguson Ashley Dobos May 31, 2006 LIVER
Anatomy Jessica Ferguson Ashley Dobos May 31, 2006 LIVER 1) Other Names: Reidel s Lobe normal anatomic variant; projection of the right lobe that can extend as far as the iliac crest (Tempkin, p.54, Anatomy).
More informationCARDIAC ENZYMES AND PROTEINS الفريق الطبي األكاديمي. Done By :- Obadah Abubaker & Yousef Qandeel
CARDIAC ENZYMES AND PROTEINS الفريق الطبي األكاديمي Done By :- Obadah Abubaker & Yousef Qandeel لكية الطب البرشي البلقاء التطبيقية / املركز 6166 6102/ Cardiac enzymes and cardiac proteins In this lecture,
More informationDIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF JAUNDICE
CHARLES L. HARTSOCK, M.D. The yellow or greenish yellow staining of the blood plasma and body tissues, to which the clinical term jaundice has been applied, is due to an excessive amount of one of the
More informationMrs Janet Catt. Pre-Conference Nurse s Course. Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust. Janet Catt MSc RN Lead Nurse Specialist Practic 12/12/2014
Pre-Conference Nurse s Course in partnership with Mrs Janet Catt Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust Janet Catt MSc RN Lead Nurse Specialist Practic 1 Liver blood tests monitoring cirrhosis HIV/HCV
More informationMonitoring Hepatitis C
Monitoring Hepatitis C Section Six Monitoring Hepatitis C Screening for hepatitis C is not routinely done, so you may have to request a test from your medical provider. This usually involves an antibody
More informationAMINO ACID METABOLISM. Sri Widia A Jusman Dept. of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology FMUI
AMINO ACID METABOLISM Sri Widia A Jusman Dept. of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology FMUI Amino acids derived from dietary protein absorbed from intestine through blood taken up by tissues used for biosynthesis
More informationBiochemistry #02. The biochemical basis of skeletal muscle and bone disorders Dr. Nabil Bashir Bara Sami. 0 P a g e
]Type text[ ]Type text[ ]Type text[ Biochemistry #02 The biochemical basis of skeletal muscle and bone disorders Dr. Nabil Bashir Bara Sami 0 P a g e Greetings everyone, ladies and gentlemen The biochemical
More informationNORMAL LABORATORY VALUES FOR CHILDREN
Pediatric Drug Lookup Normal Laboratory Values for NORMAL LABORATORY VALUES FOR CHILDREN CHEMISTRY Normal Values Albumin 0-1 y 2.0-4.0 g/dl 1 y to adult 3.5-5.5 g/dl Ammonia Newborns 90-150 mcg/dl 40-120
More informationINVESTIGATING ILPD FOR MOST SIGNIFICANT FEATURES
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) Volume 8, Issue 10, October 2017, pp. 741 749, Article ID: IJMET_08_10_080 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/issues.asp?jtype=ijmet&vtype=8&itype=10
More informationIschemic Heart Disease
Ischemic Heart Disease Dr Rodney Itaki Lecturer Division of Pathology University of Papua New Guinea School of Medicine & Health Sciences Division of Pathology General Consideration Results from partial
More informationWELLNESS LABS EXPLANATION OF RESULTS BASIC METABOLIC PANEL
WELLNESS LABS EXPLANATION OF RESULTS BASIC METABOLIC PANEL BUN Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) is a waste product of protein breakdown and is produced when excess protein in your body is broken down and used
More informationEfficient detoxification depends on the Kupffer cell function.
Liver Functions of liver: 1- Metabolic functions and blood glucose regulation: When the glucose concentration is high in the portal veinit is converted to glycogen (glycogenesis) During fasting the systemic
More informationEvaluation and comparison of automated analysers on hepatic enzymes
International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences Swetha N et al. Int J Res Med Sci. 214 May;2(2):595-61 www.msjonline.org pissn 232-671 eissn 232-612 Research Article DOI: 1.5455/232-612.ijrms214543
More informationFigure 1 Original Advantages of biological reactions being catalyzed by enzymes:
Enzyme basic concepts, Enzyme Regulation I III Carmen Sato Bigbee, Ph.D. Objectives: 1) To understand the bases of enzyme catalysis and the mechanisms of enzyme regulation. 2) To understand the role of
More informationClinician Blood Panel Results
Page 1 of 8 Blood Panel - Markers Out of Range and Patterns (Pattern: proprietary formula using one or more Blood Markers) Blood Panel: Check for Markers that are out of Lab Range ***NOTE*** Only one supplement
More informationComparison of VACUETTE Heparin Gel Tubes for Common Chemistry Analytes
Comparison of VACUETTE Heparin Gel Tubes for Common Chemistry Analytes Background: Greiner-Bio-One, Austria has been selling plastic evacuated tubes (VACUETTE ) for venous blood collection since 9. The
More informationA NEW TEST FOR MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Brit. Heart J., 1963, 25, 795. SERUM a-hydroxybutyrate DEHYDROGENASE: A NEW TEST FOR MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION BY S. B. ROSALKI From the Group Pathological Laboratory, Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey Received
More informationCLIA APPROVED PROFICIENCY TESTING PROGRAMS ACCUTEST, INC. P.O. Box 999 Westford, Massachusetts (800)
ACCUTEST, INC. P.O. Box 999 Westford, Massachusetts 01886 (800) 665-2575 MICROBIOLOGY Bacteriology Aerobic Culture and Identification Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing Direct Antigen Detection Gram Stain
More informationI have no disclosures relevant to this presentation LIVER TESTS: WHAT IS INCLUDED? LIVER TESTS: HOW TO UTILIZE THEM OBJECTIVES
LIVER TESTS: HOW TO UTILIZE THEM I have no disclosures relevant to this presentation José Franco, MD Professor of Medicine, Surgery and Pediatrics Medical College of Wisconsin OBJECTIVES Differentiate
More informationBIL 256 Cell and Molecular Biology Lab Spring, Tissue-Specific Isoenzymes
BIL 256 Cell and Molecular Biology Lab Spring, 2007 Background Information Tissue-Specific Isoenzymes A. BIOCHEMISTRY The basic pattern of glucose oxidation is outlined in Figure 3-1. Glucose is split
More information