Decreasing Alcohol Use with Medications: What Works?

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Decreasing Alcohol Use with Medications: What Works?"

Transcription

1 Decreasing Alcohol Use with Medications: What Works? Annual Review of Family Medicine December 7 th, 2017, UCSF Mission Bay Ben Smith, MD MPH Assistant Professor of Family and Community Medicine San Francisco General Hospital Family and Community Medicine Residency Program National Clinician Consultation Center Substance Use Warmline

2 Decreasing Alcohol Use with Medications: What Works? Annual Review of Family Medicine December 7 th, 2017, UCSF Mission Bay Ben Smith, MD MPH Assistant Professor of Family and Community Medicine San Francisco General Hospital Family and Community Medicine Residency Program National Clinician Consultation Center Substance Use Warmline I have no financial disclosures or conflicts of interest to report

3 Objectives Review diagnostic criteria for alcohol use disorder (DSM-V) Review Evidence Base for Pharmacotherapy of AUD (reducing use). Touch on outpatient treatment of alcohol withdrawal. NIAAA, USDA

4 DSM 5 Criteria for Alcohol Use Disorder AUD Severity: - Mild: 2-3 Sxs harmful use - Moderate: 4-5 Sxs dependence - Severe: 6+ Sxs dependence Saitz R Unhealthy alcohol use N Engl J Med 2005;

5 Alcohol Use Disorder-Screening Single-item screening is preferred: How many times in the past year have you had five or more (for men) or four or more (for women) drinks in a day? An initial question can be Do you sometimes drink beer, wine, or other alcoholic beverages? Ries, R. K., Fiellin, D. A., Miller, S. C., & Saitz, R. (2014). The ASAM principles of addiction medicine. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. NIAAA. Clinicians Guide to Helping Patients Who Drink Too Much, 2007.

6 Pharmacotherapy: Patient Selection Moderate to severe alcohol use disorder? Not drinking but craving? Contraindications? Interested in treatment? O'malley, Stephanie S., et al. "Initial and maintenance naltrexone treatment for alcohol dependence using primary care vs specialty care: a nested sequence of 3 randomized trials." Archives of Internal Medicine (2003):

7 Pharmacotherapy: Which Medications? Jonas, Daniel E., et al. "Pharmacotherapy for adults with alcohol use disorders in outpatient settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Jama (2014):

8 Pharmacotherapy: 1 st Line Medication Studies Effect Size Strength of Evidence Acamprosate 16 RCTs to Moderate Jonas, 2014

9 Pharmacotherapy: 1 st Line Medication Studies Effect Size Strength of Evidence Acamprosate 16 RCTs to Moderate Disulfiram 2 RCTs to 0.03 Low Jonas, 2014

10 Pharmacotherapy: 1 st Line Medication Studies Effect Size Strength of Evidence Acamprosate 16 RCTs to Moderate Disulfiram 2 RCTs to 0.03 Low Naltrexone 16 RCTs to Moderate Jonas, 2014

11 Pharmacotherapy: Evidence Base Medications for Alcohol Strong Evidence- 20+ RCTs Acamprosate Naltrexone Some Evidence (7-11 RCTs) Disulfiram Topirimate Limited Evidence Gabapentin Ondansetron Gabapentin Varenicline Buspirone Jonas, 2014

12 Pharmacotherapy: Evidence Base Medications for Alcohol Strong Evidence- 20+ RCTs Acamprosate (22) Naltrexone (40) Some Evidence (7-11 RCTs) Disulfiram (4) Topirimate Limited Evidence Gabapentin Ondansetron Gabapentin Varenicline Buspirone FDA Approved (RCT #) Jonas, 2014

13 Pharmacotherapy: Disulfiram Disulfiram High Dose Disulfiram Low Dose, Placebo P>0.05 Richard K. Fuller, Laure Branchey, Dennis R. Brightwell, Robert M. Derman, Chad D. Emrick, Frank L. Iber, Kenneth E. James, Roy B. Lacoursiere, Kelvin K. Lee, Ilse Lowenstam, Iradj Maany, Dewey Neiderhiser, James J. Nocks, Spencer Shaw. Disulfiram Treatment of AlcoholismA Veterans Administration Cooperative Study. JAMA. 1986;256(11):

14 Pharmacotherapy: Disulfiram Because of its long-standing availability, clinicians may be more familiar with disulfiram than naltrexone or acamprosate. However, well-controlled trials of disulfiram did not show overall reductions in alcohol consumption. In a subgroup analysis of the largest disulfiram trial, there were fewer drinking days for patients who returned to drinking and had a complete set of assessments. Jonas 2014 Jonas 2014

15 Pharmacotherapy: Naltrexone and Acamprosate Naltrexone + Acamprosate Naltrexone Acamprosate Placebo Kiefer, Falk, et al. "Comparing and combining naltrexone and acamprosate in relapse prevention of alcoholism: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study." Archives of general psychiatry 60.1 (2003):

16 Pharmacotherapy: Naltrexone and Acamprosate Naltrexone + Acamprosate Naltrexone Acamprosate Placebo Kiefer2003

17 Pharmacotherapy: 1 st Line Specifics Dosing, Side Effects Medication Dose Contraindication Side Effects Acamprosate 666 mg TID Renal Insufficiency GI Distress Naltrexone 50 mg Daily Liver**, Opioids GI Distress Disulfiram 500 mg/day Recent EtOH Neuropathy Jonas, 2014

18 Pharmacotherapy: Topiramate? Stay Tuned Baltieri, D. A., Daró, F. R., Ribeiro, P. L. and De Andrade, A. G. (2008), Comparing topiramate with naltrexone in the treatment of alcohol dependence*. Addiction, 103:

19 Pharmacotherapy: Topiramate? Stay Tuned Medication Dose Contraindication Side Effects Topiramate 300 mg Daily None Sedation Baltieri, D. A., Daró, F. R., Ribeiro, P. L. and De Andrade, A. G. (2008), Comparing topiramate with naltrexone in the treatment of alcohol dependence*. Addiction, 103:

20 Outpatient Alcohol Withdrawal Treatment

21 EtOH Withdrawal: Patient Selection Asplund, Chad A., Jacob W. Aaronson, and Hadassah E. Aaronson. "3 regimens for alcohol withdrawal and detoxification." Journal of family practice 53.7 (2004):

22 EtOH Withdrawal: Patient Selection Asplund 2004

23 EtOH Withdrawal: Pharmacotherapy Outpatient Treatment Protocols Long acting, smoother course Asplund 2004

24 EtOH Withdrawal: Pharmacotherapy Outpatient Treatment Protocols Shorter acting, more attention to timing needed, better in hepatic dysfunction Asplund 2004

25 EtOH Withdrawal: Pharmacotherapy Outpatient Treatment Protocols Needs rapid dose escalation (zzz), used widely in Europe, but no RCTs showing seizure or delerium tremens prevention. Asplund 2004

26 EtOH Withdrawal: Gabapentin, Stay Tuned Myrick, Hugh, et al. "A Double Blind Trial of Gabapentin Versus Lorazepam in the Treatment of Alcohol Withdrawal." Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 33.9 (2009):

27 Thank You! Asplund, Chad A., Jacob W. Aaronson, and Hadassah E. Aaronson. "3 regimens for alcohol withdrawal and detoxification." Journal of family practice 53.7 (2004): Baltieri, D. A., Daró, F. R., Ribeiro, P. L. and De Andrade, A. G. (2008), Comparing topiramate with naltrexone in the treatment of alcohol dependence*. Addiction, 103: Jonas, Daniel E., et al. "Pharmacotherapy for adults with alcohol use disorders in outpatient settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Jama (2014): Kiefer, Falk, et al. "Comparing and combining naltrexone and acamprosate in relapse prevention of alcoholism: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study." Archives of general psychiatry 60.1 (2003): Myrick, Hugh, et al. "A Double Blind Trial of Gabapentin Versus Lorazepam in the Treatment of Alcohol Withdrawal." Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 33.9 (2009): O'malley, Stephanie S., et al. "Initial and maintenance naltrexone treatment for alcohol dependence using primary care vs specialty care: a nested sequence of 3 randomized trials." Archives of Internal Medicine (2003): Ries, R. K., Fiellin, D. A., Miller, S. C., & Saitz, R. (2014). The ASAM principles of addiction medicine. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. NIAAA. Clinicians Guide to Helping Patients Who Drink Too Much, Richard K. Fuller, Laure Branchey, Dennis R. Brightwell, Robert M. Derman, Chad D. Emrick, Frank L. Iber, Kenneth E. James, Roy B. Lacoursiere, Kelvin K. Lee, Ilse Lowenstam, Iradj Maany, Dewey Neiderhiser, James J. Nocks, Spencer Shaw. Disulfiram Treatment of AlcoholismA Veterans Administration Cooperative Study. JAMA. 1986;256(11): Saitz R Unhealthy alcohol use N Engl J Med 2005; Thank you!

28 Cases: Alcohol Pharmacotherapy

29 Case #1 42 y/o female, HIV neg, HTN, drinks unknown quantity of vodka daily. Has Anxiety and PTSD from murder of son 4 years ago. Was hospitalized recently after drinking 1 bottle of vodka and becoming unconscious. History of crack use but has not used crack for many, many years. Accessed NA or AA for crack use. Amlodipine 10mg Pantoprazole 40mg Imipramine 25mg Nicotine patch Ondansetron HCl 4 Past Behavioral Interventions: Past AA and NA attendance. Has gone to grief groups in the past, which did help with grief and loss over son's deaths. Question: how do I reduce this patient s drinking?

30 Case #2 48 y/o female interested in outpatient detox. Drinks 1/2 bottle of hard alcohol (unknown type). Nauseous with tremors in AM prior to drinking. CIWA score 13. Motivated to stop drinking. First alcohol use was after husband's death 1 year ago. She has HTN, anxiety, Major Depressive Disorder. No other substance use reported. Currently enrolled in psychiatry. She has never tried AA. Buspar 10mg BID HCTZ 25 mg QD Losartan 25 QD Labs: ALT 73 AST 102, macrocytic anemia MCV 108 Hg 15.9 Hct 47.9 Question: Is outpatient detoxification appropriate for this patient?

An Internist s Guide to Unhealthy Alcohol Use. Ryan Graddy, MD JHU SOM

An Internist s Guide to Unhealthy Alcohol Use. Ryan Graddy, MD JHU SOM An Internist s Guide to Unhealthy Alcohol Use Ryan Graddy, MD JHU SOM Disclosures None Learning Objectives Understand the terminology used to describe unhealthy alcohol use Identify means of screening

More information

Pharmacotherapy for Alcohol Use Disorder

Pharmacotherapy for Alcohol Use Disorder Pharmacotherapy for Alcohol Use Disorder Laura G. Kehoe, MD, MPH Medical Director MGH Substance Use Disorder Bridge Clinic Assistant Professor of Medicine Harvard Medical School Disclosures Neither my

More information

ALCOHOL USE DISORDER WITHDRAWAL MANAGEMENT AND LONG TERM TREATMENT ANA HOLTEY, MD ADDICTION MEDICINE FELLOW UNIVERSITY OF UTAH HEALTH

ALCOHOL USE DISORDER WITHDRAWAL MANAGEMENT AND LONG TERM TREATMENT ANA HOLTEY, MD ADDICTION MEDICINE FELLOW UNIVERSITY OF UTAH HEALTH ALCOHOL USE DISORDER WITHDRAWAL MANAGEMENT AND LONG TERM TREATMENT ANA HOLTEY, MD ADDICTION MEDICINE FELLOW UNIVERSITY OF UTAH HEALTH Prevalence of 12-Month Alcohol Use, High-Risk Drinking, and DSM-IV

More information

Screening, Diagnosis, and Medication Assisted Treatment for Alcohol Use Disorders

Screening, Diagnosis, and Medication Assisted Treatment for Alcohol Use Disorders Psychiatry and Addictions Case Conference Screening, Diagnosis, and Medication Assisted Treatment for Alcohol Use Disorders MARK DUNCAN, MD Acting Assistant Professor, Co-lead University of Washington

More information

Medications For Alcohol Use Disorder. DATE: October 10, 2017 PRESENTED BY: Alann Weissman-Ward, MD, Addiction Medicine fellow

Medications For Alcohol Use Disorder. DATE: October 10, 2017 PRESENTED BY: Alann Weissman-Ward, MD, Addiction Medicine fellow Medications For Alcohol Use Disorder DATE: October 10, 2017 PRESENTED BY: Alann Weissman-Ward, MD, Addiction Medicine fellow None DISCLOSURES OBJECTIVES Be able to name 4 medications to treat AUD Describe

More information

Pharmacotherapy for Alcohol Use Disorder

Pharmacotherapy for Alcohol Use Disorder Pharmacotherapy for Alcohol Use Disorder Laura G. Kehoe, MD, MPH Medical Director MGH Substance Use Disorder Bridge Clinic Assistant Professor of Medicine Harvard Medical School Disclosures Neither my

More information

ANTICONVULSANTS IN ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL TREATMENT: A BETTER WAY?

ANTICONVULSANTS IN ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL TREATMENT: A BETTER WAY? Psychiatry and Addictions Case Conference UW Medicine Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences ANTICONVULSANTS IN ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL TREATMENT: A BETTER WAY? RICHARD RIES MD PROFESSOR OF PSYCHIATRY AND DIRECTOR

More information

THE STATE OF MEDICINE IN ADDICTION RECOVERY

THE STATE OF MEDICINE IN ADDICTION RECOVERY OVERVIEW: Review addiction stats and trends Define addiction Explain neurobiology of addiction Review treatments of addiction Addiction Definition: A Primary, chronic, relapsing disease of brain reward,

More information

Medication Assisted Treatment. Karen Drexler, MD National Mental Health Program Director-Substance Use Disorders Department of Veterans Affairs

Medication Assisted Treatment. Karen Drexler, MD National Mental Health Program Director-Substance Use Disorders Department of Veterans Affairs Medication Assisted Treatment Karen Drexler, MD National Mental Health Program Director-Substance Use Disorders Department of Veterans Affairs Disclosures Employed by the Department of Veterans Affairs

More information

Management of Unhealthy Alcohol Use: From Research to Practice

Management of Unhealthy Alcohol Use: From Research to Practice Management of Unhealthy Alcohol Use: From Research to Practice Richard Saitz MD, MPH, FACP, DFASAM Professor of Community Health Sciences & Medicine Boston University Schools of Medicine & Public Health

More information

Health Systems and Addiction: Provider Issues

Health Systems and Addiction: Provider Issues Health Systems and Addiction: Provider Issues The Emerging Roles of Primary Care Patrick G. O Connor MD, MPH Dan and Amanda Adams Professor of General Medicine Chief, General Internal Medicine Yale University

More information

Alcohol 2: Case Examples

Alcohol 2: Case Examples Alcohol 2: Case Examples Laura G. Kehoe, MD, MPH Medical Director, MGH Substance Use Disorder Bridge Clinic Assistant Professor of Medicine Harvard Medical School Disclosures Neither I nor my spouse/partner

More information

ANTICONVULSANTS IN ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL TREATMENT: A BETTER WAY?

ANTICONVULSANTS IN ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL TREATMENT: A BETTER WAY? Psychiatry and Addictions Case Conference Medicine Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences ANTICONVULSANTS IN ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL TREATMENT: A BETTER WAY? RICHARD RIES MD PROFESSOR OF PSYCHIATRY AND DIRECTOR

More information

Management of high risk MMT patients. Meldon Kahan MD Methadone Prescribers Conference Toronto, Nov 15, 2013

Management of high risk MMT patients. Meldon Kahan MD Methadone Prescribers Conference Toronto, Nov 15, 2013 Management of high risk MMT patients Meldon Kahan MD Methadone Prescribers Conference Toronto, Nov 15, 2013 CFPC CoI Templates: Slide 1 Faculty Disclosure Faculty: Meldon Kahan Relationships with commercial

More information

Medications For Alcohol Use Disorder

Medications For Alcohol Use Disorder Medications For Alcohol Use Disorder PRESENTED BY: Alann Weissman-Ward, MD, Addiction Medicine fellow June 19, 2018 DISCLOSURES Speaker: Alann Weissman-Ward, MD, has nothing to disclose. Planning Committee:

More information

8/5/2013. MOSBIRT Annual Training The Big change in addiction medicine? Before we dive into pharmacotherapy

8/5/2013. MOSBIRT Annual Training The Big change in addiction medicine? Before we dive into pharmacotherapy Medication Assisted Treatment for Substance Abuse in Primary Care Dan Vinson August 1, 2013 1 The Big change in addiction medicine? These diseases are rapidly becoming medical diseases. Done are the days

More information

Diagnosis and treatment of alcohol use disorder in primary care

Diagnosis and treatment of alcohol use disorder in primary care Diagnosis and treatment of alcohol use disorder in primary care Scott Steiger, MD, FACP, FASAM HS Associate Clinical Professor of Medicine and Psychiatry UCSF-ZSFG Disclosure No financial conflicts Trade

More information

Long term pharmacotherapy for Alcohol Dependence: Anti Craving agents

Long term pharmacotherapy for Alcohol Dependence: Anti Craving agents Long term pharmacotherapy for Alcohol Dependence: Anti Craving agents Myth or Reality? Complete Recovery means a medication-free state True or False? Treatment of Alcoholism Assessment Motivation Alcohol

More information

4/18/2018. Disclosure Statement. Background. Learning Objectives. Background. Background

4/18/2018. Disclosure Statement. Background. Learning Objectives. Background. Background Disclosure Statement The implementation of a pharmacy run outpatient addiction clinic focusing on patients with high risk for negative outcomes with active alcohol use disorder (AUD) By Jaime Cantu April

More information

Dr. Renner receives honoraria from Reed Medical Education

Dr. Renner receives honoraria from Reed Medical Education Substance Use Disorders Symposium on Men s Health Massachusetts Medical Society June 17, 2010 John A. Renner, Jr., M.D. John A. Renner Jr., MD DISCLOSURES Johnson & Johnson Stock Holder Dr. Renner receives

More information

Pharmacotherapy of Alcohol Use Disorders

Pharmacotherapy of Alcohol Use Disorders Pharmacotherapy of Alcohol Use Disorders Roger D. Weiss, MD Professor of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School Chief, Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse McLean Hospital rweiss@mclean.harvard.edu Consultant

More information

Evidence Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Persons with Substance Use Disorders Daniel Kivlahan, PhD

Evidence Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Persons with Substance Use Disorders Daniel Kivlahan, PhD Evidence Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Persons with Substance Use Disorders Daniel Kivlahan, PhD Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University

More information

Addiction Medicine: What s new for primary care

Addiction Medicine: What s new for primary care Addiction Medicine: What s new for primary care Dan Vinson, MD Family and Community Medicine How to talk so our patients listen, and listen so our patients talk. 1 2 Comfortably engaging your patient in

More information

THE NALTREXONE CHALLENGE

THE NALTREXONE CHALLENGE THE NALTREXONE CHALLENGE DISCLOSURE Natasha Rodney-Cail, Pharmacist, Drug Evaluation Unit Has no conflicts of interest Maureen Allen Has no conflicts of interest DONNA 68 years old Currently treated with

More information

Treatment Alternatives for Substance Use Disorders

Treatment Alternatives for Substance Use Disorders Treatment Alternatives for Substance Use Disorders Dean Drosnes, MD, FASAM Associate Medical Director Director, Chronic Pain and SUD Program Caron Treatment Centers 1 Disclosure The speaker has no conflict

More information

Class Update: Substance Use Disorders

Class Update: Substance Use Disorders Copyright 2012 Oregon State University. All Rights Reserved Drug Use Research & Management Program Oregon State University, 500 Summer Street NE, E35 Salem, Oregon 97301-1079 Phone 503-947-5220 Fax 503-947-1119

More information

Medication-Assisted Treatment and HIV/AIDS: Aspects in Treating HIV- Infected Drug Users.

Medication-Assisted Treatment and HIV/AIDS: Aspects in Treating HIV- Infected Drug Users. Slide #1 Medication-Assisted Treatment and HIV/AIDS: Aspects in Treating HIV- Infected Drug Users. R. Douglas Bruce, MD, MA, MSc Assistant Professor Yale AIDS Program Medical Director South Central Rehabilitation

More information

Basics of Benzodiazepine Use Disorder. DATE: June 12, 2018 PRESENTED BY: Melissa B. Weimer, DO, MCR

Basics of Benzodiazepine Use Disorder. DATE: June 12, 2018 PRESENTED BY: Melissa B. Weimer, DO, MCR Basics of Benzodiazepine Use Disorder DATE: June 12, 2018 PRESENTED BY: Melissa B. Weimer, DO, MCR Disclosures Speaker: Melissa Weimer, DO, MCR, has nothing to disclose. Planning Committee: The members

More information

NIDA Principles of Treatment. NIDA Principles of Treatment. Peter Banys, M.D., M.Sc. No single treatment is appropriate for all individuals.

NIDA Principles of Treatment. NIDA Principles of Treatment. Peter Banys, M.D., M.Sc. No single treatment is appropriate for all individuals. NIDA Principles of Treatment Peter Banys, M.D., M.Sc. CSAM Addiction Medicine Review Course San Francisco October 5 th, 2006 NIDA Principles of Treatment 1. Treatment Matching 2. Availability 3. Domains

More information

Class Update: Substance Use Disorders

Class Update: Substance Use Disorders Copyright 2012 Oregon State University. All Rights Reserved Drug Use Research & Management Program Oregon State University, 500 Summer Street NE, E35 Salem, Oregon 97301-1079 Phone 503-947-5220 Fax 503-947-1119

More information

Page 1. Pharmacologic Interventions for. Addictions. Objectives for This Talk. Outline for This Talk

Page 1. Pharmacologic Interventions for. Addictions. Objectives for This Talk. Outline for This Talk Pharmacologic Interventions for Addictions Eric C. Strain, M.D. Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland Maryland Psychiatric Society November 7, 2015 Objectives for This Talk I.

More information

Pharmacologic Interventions for. Addictions

Pharmacologic Interventions for. Addictions Pharmacologic Interventions for Addictions Eric C. Strain, M.D. Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland Maryland Psychiatric Society November 7, 2015 Objectives for This Talk I.

More information

Prepared by: Dr. Elizabeth Woodward, University of Toronto Resident in Psychiatry

Prepared by: Dr. Elizabeth Woodward, University of Toronto Resident in Psychiatry Prepared by: Dr. Elizabeth Woodward, University of Toronto Resident in Psychiatry In broad terms, substance use disorders occur when a substance is used in a compulsive manner with a lack of control over

More information

Pharmacotherapy for Alcohol Dependence

Pharmacotherapy for Alcohol Dependence Evidence Report/Technology Assessment: Number 3 Pharmacotherapy for Alcohol Dependence Summary Under its Evidence-Based Practice Program, the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR) is developing

More information

Management of Unhealthy Alcohol Use: From Research to Practice

Management of Unhealthy Alcohol Use: From Research to Practice Management of Unhealthy Alcohol Use: From Research to Practice Richard Saitz MD, MPH, FACP, DFASAM Professor of Community Health Sciences & Medicine Boston University Schools of Medicine & Public Health

More information

Varenicline and Other Pharmacotherapies for Tobacco Dependence

Varenicline and Other Pharmacotherapies for Tobacco Dependence Varenicline and Other Pharmacotherapies for Tobacco Dependence J. Taylor Hays, M.D. Associate Director Nicotine Dependence Center Mayo Clinic 2012 MFMER slide-1 Learning Objectives Understand the mechanism

More information

Treatment Team Approaches in Substance Abuse Treatment

Treatment Team Approaches in Substance Abuse Treatment Treatment Team Approaches in Substance Abuse Treatment PLANT A SEED AND WATCH IT GROW 2 Substance use disorders span a wide variety of problems arising from substance use, and cover 11 different criteria:

More information

Opioids Research to Practice

Opioids Research to Practice Opioids Research to Practice CRIT Program May 2009 Daniel P. Alford, MD, MPH Associate Professor of Medicine Boston University School of Medicine Boston Medical Center 32 yo female brought in after heroin

More information

Basics of Benzodiazepine Use Disorder. DATE: March 20, 2018 PRESENTED BY: Melissa B. Weimer, DO, MCR

Basics of Benzodiazepine Use Disorder. DATE: March 20, 2018 PRESENTED BY: Melissa B. Weimer, DO, MCR Basics of Benzodiazepine Use Disorder DATE: March 20, 2018 PRESENTED BY: Melissa B. Weimer, DO, MCR Disclosures Speaker: Melissa Weimer, DO, MCR, has nothing to disclose. Planning Committee: The members

More information

THE MEDICAL MODEL: ADDICTION IS A BRAIN DISEASE. Judith Martin, MD Medical Director of Substance Use Services San Francisco Dept.

THE MEDICAL MODEL: ADDICTION IS A BRAIN DISEASE. Judith Martin, MD Medical Director of Substance Use Services San Francisco Dept. THE MEDICAL MODEL: ADDICTION IS A BRAIN DISEASE Judith Martin, MD Medical Director of Substance Use Services San Francisco Dept. Public Health disclosures Dr. Martin has no conflict of interest to disclose.

More information

Session ID: 1010 June 16, 2012

Session ID: 1010 June 16, 2012 Recent Advances in Pharmacotherapy for Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) Christian J. Teter, PharmD, BCPP Assistant Professor, Psychopharmacology University of New England College of Pharmacy cteter@une.edu

More information

Pharmacotherapy for Addiction A Practical Guide

Pharmacotherapy for Addiction A Practical Guide A Practical Guide Poll Everywhere Text: 22333 Message: ROBYNJORDAN620 Assistance Professor of Psychiatry UNC School of Medicine Sept 28, 2018 Disclosures None Poll Everywhere Text: 22333 Message: ROBYNJORDAN620

More information

The future of pharmacological treatment.

The future of pharmacological treatment. The future of pharmacological treatment. Anne Lingford-Hughes Professor of Addiction Biology, Imperial College. Hon Consultant CNWL NHS Foundation Trust. What substances and when? What Nicotine Alcohol

More information

WISAM 2018 Annual Conference Sept , PTSD and Substance Use Disorder in Veterans 9/28/2018. PTSD and SUD

WISAM 2018 Annual Conference Sept , PTSD and Substance Use Disorder in Veterans 9/28/2018. PTSD and SUD PTSD and Substance Use Disorder in Veterans Todd J Kammerzelt, MD General and Addiction Psychiatrist 9/28/2018 PTSD and SUD More than 1 in 4 veterans with PTSD also have SUD War Veterans with PTSD and

More information

Session ID: 1010 June 16, 2012

Session ID: 1010 June 16, 2012 Recent Advances in Pharmacotherapy for Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) Christian J. Teter, PharmD, BCPP Assistant Professor, Psychopharmacology University of New England College of Pharmacy cteter@une.edu

More information

9/22/2015. Timothy W. Lineberry, MD Chief Medical Officer Greater Green Bay Aurora Health Care

9/22/2015. Timothy W. Lineberry, MD Chief Medical Officer Greater Green Bay Aurora Health Care Timothy W. Lineberry, MD Chief Medical Officer Greater Green Bay Aurora Health Care Differentiate between hazardous drinking and alcohol use disorders Recognize issues associated with comorbidity between

More information

Riunione Monotematica AISF 2017 Roma 5 Ottobre Management of Alcohol Use Disorders in Patients with Alcoholic Liver Disease

Riunione Monotematica AISF 2017 Roma 5 Ottobre Management of Alcohol Use Disorders in Patients with Alcoholic Liver Disease Riunione Monotematica AISF 2017 Roma 5 Ottobre 2017 Management of Alcohol Use Disorders in Patients with Alcoholic Liver Disease Lorenzo Leggio, M.D., Ph.D., M.Sc. Lorenzo Leggio, M.D., Ph.D., M.Sc. Il

More information

Pharmacology of Addic0ve Disorders

Pharmacology of Addic0ve Disorders Pharmacology of Addic0ve Disorders Thomas Kosten MD JH Waggoner Chair & Professor of Psychiatry, Pharmacology, Immunology, Pathology, Neuroscience & Epidemiology Baylor College of Medicine & MD Anderson

More information

Treatment Approaches for Drug Addiction

Treatment Approaches for Drug Addiction Treatment Approaches for Drug Addiction NOTE: This fact sheet discusses research findings on effective treatment approaches for drug abuse and addiction. If you re seeking treatment, you can call the Substance

More information

A pilot randomised controlled trial of varenicline versus oral naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence. Background 1

A pilot randomised controlled trial of varenicline versus oral naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence. Background 1 A pilot randomised controlled trial of varenicline versus oral naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence Nicholas Lintzeris, Mark Montebello, Lauren Monds, Consuelo Rivas, David Allsop, Selena

More information

Buprenorphine for Family Medicine. Hannah Snyder, MD Addiction Medicine Fellow, UCSF 12/7/17

Buprenorphine for Family Medicine. Hannah Snyder, MD Addiction Medicine Fellow, UCSF 12/7/17 + Buprenorphine for Family Medicine Hannah Snyder, MD Addiction Medicine Fellow, UCSF 12/7/17 + Disclosures No conflicts of interest Off-label use of medications + Who here: Has taken care of a patient

More information

Restoration of Parenting Ability Through Treatment for Substance Use Disorders

Restoration of Parenting Ability Through Treatment for Substance Use Disorders Restoration of Parenting Ability Through Treatment for Substance Use Disorders DEBRA M. BARNETT, MD Board Certified in General Psychiatry, Addiction Psychiatry, Geriatric Psychiatry, and Forensic Psychiatry

More information

Assessment, management & referral of patients with alcohol use disorders

Assessment, management & referral of patients with alcohol use disorders Assessment, management & referral of patients with alcohol use disorders NM Nurse Practitioners Council April, 2016 Karen Cardon, MD, ADAAPM, FASAM Did you know April is alcohol awareness month! Ready

More information

Medical Management of Substance Use Disorders: Does research translate to clinical practice

Medical Management of Substance Use Disorders: Does research translate to clinical practice Medical Management of Substance Use Disorders: Does research translate to clinical practice Ashwin A Patkar, MD Professor of Psychiatry & Community & Family Medicine Duke University Medical Center Durham,

More information

Multiple Choice Questions

Multiple Choice Questions Multiple Choice Questions 25yo M presents without psychiatric or medical history, with complaint of tremor to the ER. He denies drinking alcohol but his friend at bedside takes you to the side and reports

More information

Opioids Research to Practice

Opioids Research to Practice Opioids Research to Practice CRIT Program May 2008 Daniel P. Alford, MD, MPH Associate Professor of Medicine Boston University School of Medicine Boston Medical Center 32 yo female brought in after heroin

More information

6B / Boswell, Grant and Slutske Day 2 August 14, 2008

6B / Boswell, Grant and Slutske Day 2 August 14, 2008 Pharmacological Treatment of Pathological Gambling Jon E. Grant, JD, MD, MPH Associate Professor University of Minnesota School of Medicine Minneapolis, MN Disclosure Information I have the following financial

More information

Treating Addiction as a Chronic Disease

Treating Addiction as a Chronic Disease Treating Addiction as a Chronic Disease Sarah E. Wakeman, MD, FASAM Medical Director, MGH Substance Use Disorder Initiative Assistant Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School Disclosures Neither I

More information

Basics of Benzodiazepine Use Disorder. DATE: October 3, 2017 PRESENTED BY: Melissa B. Weimer, DO, MCR

Basics of Benzodiazepine Use Disorder. DATE: October 3, 2017 PRESENTED BY: Melissa B. Weimer, DO, MCR Basics of Benzodiazepine Use Disorder DATE: October 3, 2017 PRESENTED BY: Melissa B. Weimer, DO, MCR Disclosures Speaker disclosure: One time lecture sponsored by Indivior about overlap of pain and opioid

More information

MEDICATION ASSISTED ADDICTION TREATMENT: Appropriate Use

MEDICATION ASSISTED ADDICTION TREATMENT: Appropriate Use MEDICATION ASSISTED ADDICTION TREATMENT: Appropriate Use Louis E. Baxter, Sr., M.D., DFASAM Executive Medical Director-PAPNJ Assistant Clinical Professor Medicine Rutgers New Jersey Medical School DMHAS-Addiction

More information

9/12/2012 ALCOHOL AND DRUG USE, ASSOCIATED DISORDERS AND THEIR PSYCHIATRIC COMORBIDITIES IN U.S. ADULTS OBJECTIVES

9/12/2012 ALCOHOL AND DRUG USE, ASSOCIATED DISORDERS AND THEIR PSYCHIATRIC COMORBIDITIES IN U.S. ADULTS OBJECTIVES ALCOHOL AND DRUG USE, ASSOCIATED DISORDERS AND THEIR PSYCHIATRIC COMORBIDITIES IN U.S. ADULTS Risë B. Goldstein, Ph.D., M.P.H., Staff Scientist Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biometry Division of Intramural

More information

Opioids Research to Practice

Opioids Research to Practice Opioids Research to Practice CRIT Program May 2010 Daniel P. Alford, MD, MPH Associate Professor of Medicine Boston University School of Medicine Boston Medical Center 32 yo female brought in after heroin

More information

Medical Interventions for Addiction in Primary Care Settings. R. Douglas Bruce, MD, MA, MSc Assistant Professor Yale University School of Medicine

Medical Interventions for Addiction in Primary Care Settings. R. Douglas Bruce, MD, MA, MSc Assistant Professor Yale University School of Medicine Medical Interventions for Addiction in Primary Care Settings R. Douglas Bruce, MD, MA, MSc Assistant Professor Yale University School of Medicine March 23, 2010 NIH Consensus on Drug Treatment Drug Addiction

More information

Opioids Research to Practice

Opioids Research to Practice Opioids Research to Practice May 2013 Daniel P. Alford, MD, MPH, FACP, FASAM Associate Professor of Medicine Assistant Dean, Continuing Medical Education Case 32 yo female brought in after heroin overdose

More information

Guideline for GP s in primary care for safe prescribing of acamprosate in Sheffield

Guideline for GP s in primary care for safe prescribing of acamprosate in Sheffield Guideline for GP s in primary care for safe prescribing of acamprosate in Sheffield Authors Dr O Lagundoye-Consultant Psychiatrist/Clinical Director MBBS MRCPsych Substance Misuse Service, Sheffield Health

More information

A MULTI-LAYERED APPROACH TO RECOVERY: VETERAN AND MILITARY FAMILY CASE EXAMPLES

A MULTI-LAYERED APPROACH TO RECOVERY: VETERAN AND MILITARY FAMILY CASE EXAMPLES A MULTI-LAYERED APPROACH TO RECOVERY: VETERAN AND MILITARY FAMILY CASE EXAMPLES Heather Kapson, PhD Ann Stewart, LICSW September 18, 2017 DISCLOSURES None HOME BASE PROGRAM Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts

More information

Medication-Assisted Treatment. What Is It and Why Do We Use It?

Medication-Assisted Treatment. What Is It and Why Do We Use It? Medication-Assisted Treatment What Is It and Why Do We Use It? What is addiction, really? o The four C s of addiction: Craving. Loss of Control of amount or frequency of use. Compulsion to use. Use despite

More information

Opioid Use Disorder Treatment: Buprenorphine Treatment Basics

Opioid Use Disorder Treatment: Buprenorphine Treatment Basics Opioid Use Disorder Treatment: Buprenorphine Treatment Basics Daniel Warren, MD Eastern Oregon Coordinated Care Organization Provider Forum on Chronic Noncancer Pain Management Pendleton, OR February 24,

More information

12/8/18. Is your patient an Uber driver? Why you should ask. I have nothing to disclose NEJM. Outline. Treatment models Brief Updates

12/8/18. Is your patient an Uber driver? Why you should ask. I have nothing to disclose NEJM. Outline. Treatment models Brief Updates Is your patient an Uber driver? Why you should ask. I have nothing to disclose A clinical review of substance use disorders: opiates, benzodiazepines, and alcohol Katherine Grieco DO DABAM Medical Director

More information

Clinical Policy: Lofexidine (Lucemyra) Reference Number: ERX.NPA.88 Effective Date:

Clinical Policy: Lofexidine (Lucemyra) Reference Number: ERX.NPA.88 Effective Date: Clinical Policy: (Lucemyra) Reference Number: ERX.NPA.88 Effective Date: 07.31.18 Last Review Date: 08.18 Revision Log See Important Reminder at the end of this policy for important regulatory and legal

More information

Biological Addictions Treatment. Psychology 470. Many Types of Approaches

Biological Addictions Treatment. Psychology 470. Many Types of Approaches Many Types of Approaches Biological Addictions Treatment Psychology 470 Introduction to Chemical Additions Steven E. Meier, Ph.D. Listen to the audio lecture while viewing these slides Detoxification approaches

More information

Potential Medications for the Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder: An Evaluation of Clinical Efficacy and Safety

Potential Medications for the Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder: An Evaluation of Clinical Efficacy and Safety Substance Abuse ISSN: 0889-7077 (Print) 1547-0164 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/wsub20 Potential Medications for the Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder: An Evaluation of Clinical

More information

Pharmacotherapy of Substance Use Disorders in Children and Adolescents: Special Considerations

Pharmacotherapy of Substance Use Disorders in Children and Adolescents: Special Considerations Pharmacotherapy of Substance Use Disorders in Children and Adolescents: Special Considerations Dr. Ajeet Sidana Department of Psychiatry Government Medical College & Hospital Chandigarh Scope of Presentation

More information

Medication Assisted Treatment of Substance Use Disorders

Medication Assisted Treatment of Substance Use Disorders 3 rd Annual Challenges & Innovations in Rural Psychiatry Conference Medication Assisted Treatment of Substance Use Disorders June 22, 2016 Medication Assisted Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Richard

More information

Arwen Podesta, MD. ABIHM, ABAM, Forensic Psychiatry

Arwen Podesta, MD. ABIHM, ABAM, Forensic Psychiatry The State of Medicine in Addiction Recovery Arwen Podesta, MD ABIHM, ABAM, Forensic Psychiatry www.podestawellness.com 504-252-0026 http://www.addictionpolicy.org/ Overview Addiction is a serious, chronic

More information

C AT E G O R Y I I I COMMUNICATION, TREATMENT & PREVENTION INTERVENTIONS PHARMACOLOGY OF ADDICTIONS

C AT E G O R Y I I I COMMUNICATION, TREATMENT & PREVENTION INTERVENTIONS PHARMACOLOGY OF ADDICTIONS C AT E G O R Y I I I COMMUNICATION, TREATMENT & PREVENTION INTERVENTIONS PHARMACOLOGY OF ADDICTIONS 1.0 Introduction Medications are used in the treatment of drug, alcohol and nicotine dependence to manage

More information

Doctors and Addiction: Helping Good People with a Bad Disease

Doctors and Addiction: Helping Good People with a Bad Disease Doctors and Addiction: Helping Good People with a Bad Disease Elinore F. McCance-Katz, M.D., Ph.D. Professor of Psychiatry University of California San Francisco State Medical Director California Department

More information

Presenter Disclosure. Objectives 6/5/2017. Depression, Anxiety, PTSD: A Focus on Pharmacotherapy

Presenter Disclosure. Objectives 6/5/2017. Depression, Anxiety, PTSD: A Focus on Pharmacotherapy Depression, Anxiety, PTSD: A Focus on Pharmacotherapy Robert L Page II, Pharm.D., MSPH, FHFSA, FCCP, FAHA Professor of Clinical Pharmacy Clinical Specialist, Division of Cardiology University of Colorado

More information

*IN10 BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL ASSESSMENT*

*IN10 BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL ASSESSMENT* BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL ASSESSMENT 224-008B page 1 of 5 / 06-14 Please complete this questionnaire and give it to your counselor on your first visit. This information will help your clinician gain an understanding

More information

ROLE OF HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ALCOHOL AND DRUG USE RELATED PROBLEMS

ROLE OF HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ALCOHOL AND DRUG USE RELATED PROBLEMS ROLE OF HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ALCOHOL AND DRUG USE RELATED PROBLEMS Dr. Anita Rao? ASK SCREEN Refer HELP T T Ranganathan Clinical Research Foundation TTK Hospital IV Main Road, Indira

More information

Management of Unhealthy Alcohol Use: From Research to Practice

Management of Unhealthy Alcohol Use: From Research to Practice Management of Unhealthy Alcohol Use: From Research to Practice Richard Saitz, MD, MPH, FACP Professor of Medicine & Epidemiology Boston University Schools of Medicine & Public Health Boston Medical Center

More information

A Real Case. Substance Use Disorders in Primary Care: Screening, Brief Interventions, Pharmacotherapy. Quiz Your Clinic Panel

A Real Case. Substance Use Disorders in Primary Care: Screening, Brief Interventions, Pharmacotherapy. Quiz Your Clinic Panel Substance Use Disorders in Primary Care: Screening, Brief Interventions, Pharmacotherapy Katherine Julian, M.D. UCSF Division of General Internal Medicine August 7, 2013 A Real Case 31 yo man presenting

More information

Withdrawal.

Withdrawal. Withdrawal Shamim Nejad, MD Director, Adult Burns & Trauma Psychiatry Division of Psychiatry and Medicine Medical Director, Addiction Consultation Team MGH Center for Addiction Medicine Massachusetts General

More information

WHAT CAN I EXPECT?: DUAL SUBSTANCE USE AND MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT FOR MILITARY POPULATIONS

WHAT CAN I EXPECT?: DUAL SUBSTANCE USE AND MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT FOR MILITARY POPULATIONS WHAT CAN I EXPECT?: DUAL SUBSTANCE USE AND MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT FOR MILITARY POPULATIONS René Lento, PhD Lauren Brenner, PhD September 25, 2018 DISCLOSURES None HOME BASE PROGRAM 3 LEARNING OBJECTIVES

More information

The Sinclair Method (TSM) for the Treatment of Alcoholism. Clinical Research Findings and Best Protocol for Success Updated 2014

The Sinclair Method (TSM) for the Treatment of Alcoholism. Clinical Research Findings and Best Protocol for Success Updated 2014 Information for Medical & Treatment Professionals The Sinclair Method (TSM) for the Treatment of Alcoholism Clinical Research Findings and Best Protocol for Success Updated 2014 "One medication, naltrexone,

More information

The available evidence in the field of treatment of opiate: The experience of developing the WHO clinical guidelines

The available evidence in the field of treatment of opiate: The experience of developing the WHO clinical guidelines The available evidence in the field of treatment of opiate: The experience of developing the WHO clinical guidelines Background, Objectives and Methods Systematic reviews (SRs) published by Cochrane Drugs

More information

Depression often comorbid with alcohol dependence 1.6x higher rate of alcohol dependence in depressed subjects Depressed subjects with alcohol

Depression often comorbid with alcohol dependence 1.6x higher rate of alcohol dependence in depressed subjects Depressed subjects with alcohol Lindsay French PGY3 Depression often comorbid with alcohol dependence 1.6x higher rate of alcohol dependence in depressed subjects Depressed subjects with alcohol dependence have complicated course of

More information

Fact Sheet # 2: Management of Alcohol Use Disorders in Older Adults: What Doctors Need to Know

Fact Sheet # 2: Management of Alcohol Use Disorders in Older Adults: What Doctors Need to Know Screening and Identification Alcohol Consumption History Ask all elderly patients at baseline, annual physical Elicit a specific weekly consumption Convert patient's response into standard drinks: 12 oz.

More information

HIV and alcohol use: why is risk reduction in alcohol use important in HIV care?

HIV and alcohol use: why is risk reduction in alcohol use important in HIV care? HIV and alcohol use: why is risk reduction in alcohol use important in HIV care? Susanne Astrab Fogger, DNP, PMHNP-BC, CARN-AP, FAANP sfogger@uab.edu Objectives for today s session Define alcohol use disorder

More information

Substance and Alcohol Related Disorders. Substance use Disorder Alcoholism Gambling Disorder

Substance and Alcohol Related Disorders. Substance use Disorder Alcoholism Gambling Disorder Substance and Alcohol Related Disorders Substance use Disorder Alcoholism Gambling Disorder What is a Substance Use Disorder? According to the DSM-5, a substance use disorder describes a problematic pattern

More information

9/16/2016. I would feel comfortable dispensing/prescribing varenicline to a patient with a mental health disorder. Learning Objectives

9/16/2016. I would feel comfortable dispensing/prescribing varenicline to a patient with a mental health disorder. Learning Objectives The Smoking Gun: for Smoking Cessation in Patients with Mental Health Disorders BRENDON HOGAN, PHARMD PGY2 PSYCHIATRIC PHARMACY RESIDENT CTVHCS, TEMPLE, TX 09/23/2016 I would feel comfortable dispensing/prescribing

More information

Opioids Research to Practice

Opioids Research to Practice Opioids Research to Practice CRIT/FIT 2016 April 2016 Daniel P. Alford, MD, MPH Associate Professor of Medicine Assistant Dean, Continuing Medical Education Director, Clinical Addiction Research and Education

More information

Conor K Farren. St Patricks University Hospital Trinity College Dublin Ireland

Conor K Farren. St Patricks University Hospital Trinity College Dublin Ireland Conor K Farren St Patricks University Hospital Trinity College Dublin Ireland NICE: Background NICE set up in 1999 to reduce variation in availability and quality of NHS treatments. Does this by: Evidence

More information

Pharmacological Treatments for Tobacco Users with Behavioral Health Conditions

Pharmacological Treatments for Tobacco Users with Behavioral Health Conditions Pharmacological Treatments for Tobacco Users with Behavioral Health Conditions Jill M Williams, MD Professor Psychiatry Director, Division Addiction Psychiatry Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Disclosures

More information

Blending Addiction Science and Practice: Evidence-Based Treatment and Prevention in Diverse Populations and Settings

Blending Addiction Science and Practice: Evidence-Based Treatment and Prevention in Diverse Populations and Settings William R. Miller, Ph.D. The University of New Mexico Have you noticed: that in multisite trials (like CTN) of treatments that are already evidence-based even under highly controlled, supervised, manual

More information

Treatment for Alcohol Problems: Finding and Getting Help

Treatment for Alcohol Problems: Finding and Getting Help Treatment for Alcohol Problems: Finding and Getting Help This guide is written for individuals, and their family and friends, who are looking for options to address alcohol problems. It is intended as

More information

Update from NIAAA. Alcohol Prevention, Treatment, and Recovery Research

Update from NIAAA. Alcohol Prevention, Treatment, and Recovery Research Update from NIAAA Alcohol Prevention, Treatment, and Recovery Research Lori Ducharme, Ph.D. Program Director Division of Treatment & Recovery Research NASADAD 2017 Annual Meeting NIAAA Strategic Plan:

More information

Brief tips on Using the Drink-less package for brief intervention for alcohol use disorders. The University of Sydney 2004

Brief tips on Using the Drink-less package for brief intervention for alcohol use disorders. The University of Sydney 2004 Brief tips on Using the Drink-less package for brief intervention for alcohol use disorders The University of Sydney 2004 What is the Drink-less package? Based on World Health Organization validated techniques

More information

Agenda. Case Discussions. Managing Acute & Chronic Pain (requiring opioid analgesics) in Patients on MAT. Daniel Alford, MD Disclosures

Agenda. Case Discussions. Managing Acute & Chronic Pain (requiring opioid analgesics) in Patients on MAT. Daniel Alford, MD Disclosures Managing Acute & Chronic Pain (requiring opioid analgesics) in Patients on MAT Case Discussions August 26, 2014 PCSS MAT Webinar Sponsored by the American Psychiatric Association Daniel P. Alford, MD,

More information

SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN ADOLESCENT POPULATION

SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN ADOLESCENT POPULATION Psychiatry and Addictions Case Conference UW Medicine Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER IN ADOLESCENT POPULATION ANNABELLE SIMPSON, MD UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON GENERAL DISCLOSURES

More information