Title of Poster: Gambling and Other Problem Behaviors Among Nebraska Youth. Results of the Risk and Protective Factor Survey ( ).

Transcription

1 th Annual Cference Roads to Recovery A Collaborative Approach St. Louis, Missouri. August 13-1, 8 Title of Poster: Gambling and Other Behaviors Amg Nebraska Youth. Results of the Risk and Protective Factor Survey (3--7). Lead Presenter:, Ph.D. University of Nebraska Public Policy Center jramirez2@nebraska.edu phe: Co- presenter: Nancy Heller, M.A., LMHP Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services nancy.heller@dhhs.ne.gov phe: Cference

2 Introducti This poster summarizes the gambling findings in youth from the 3, and 7 Nebraska Risk and Protective Factor Student Survey (NRPFSS). This is a biennial survey of students in grades 6, 8,, and 12. A summary table with the total number of students, their age, number of schools and number of counties is shown below (Table 1). The survey was designed to assess adolescent substance use, gambling behavior, antisocial behavior, and the risk and protective factors that predict adolescent problem behaviors. The Nebraska survey is adapted from a natial, scientifically validated survey. This report presents the gambling behaviors of the participating youth, but also compares the activities of gamblers and n-gamblers. Table 1: Demographics, Number of Schools and Counties: Age Number Std. Number of Year N Minimum Maximum Mean of Deviati counties (*) Schools 3 22, , , (*) Nebraska has a total of 93 counties. Gambling and Other Behaviors Amg Nebraska Youth. Cference 2

3 Gambling Questis 14A / Ramirez, Heller and Chilese The survey ctained 16 questis pertaining to individual gambling activities. Students were surveyed the types of gambling activities (questis were not available in 3). The ten gambling activities were: 1) gambled at a casino, 2) played the lottery or scratch-offs, 3) bet team sports, 4) played cards for mey, ) bet mey horse racing, 6) played bingo for mey, 7) gambled the internet, 8) bet dice games, 9) bet games of persal skill, and ) gambled at a school, church, or community event. Results Gambling Rates (past year) The percent of students that have gambled in the past year was 32.4% in 3, 6.% in, and 1.% in 7. Nearly a % increase in gambling behavior was observed in youth between years 3 and 7, even though the survey from 7 showed a decrease of.% in comparis to. Chart 1 shows the percentage of students by grade that answer yes to the questi if they have gambled in the past year. Gambling and Other Behaviors Amg Nebraska Youth. Cference 3

4 Gambling Age of Initiati and Gender differences Chart 2 displays the data for age at which students reported having first gambled, by grade. As seen below, 42.8% of Nebraska youth have not gambled at any point in their lives in, in comparis to 48% in 7. Although this difference is not statistically significant (p >.), it shows a positive change by young people in terms of gambling behavior. By gender, two thirds of females and e-third of males have never gambled (results are similar in and 7). Of the students who have gambled, the most comm age to begin is or younger for all students and for both genders. Each successive year shows a decline in the number of students beginning to gamble at that age. Overall, this indicates that most students who gamble begin quite young. Gambling and Other Behaviors Amg Nebraska Youth. Cference 4

5 Chart Gambled Past Year by Grade (%) Percentage th 8th th 12th Grade Chart 2 Age of Gambling Initiati (%) Percentage Never or younger or Older Age Gambling and Other Behaviors Amg Nebraska Youth. Cference

6 atic Gambling 14A / Ramirez, Heller and Chilese Three questis the survey addressed problem gambling: 1) preoccupati with gambling, 2) spending more than they had planned, and 3) whether gambling had led to lies to the students families. No significant differences were found amg grades. Data from and 7 is shown below; see Charts 3 and 4 (3 survey did not include questis related to problem gambling). Chart 3 3 atic Gambling Behavior by Grade 6th Grade 8th Grade th Grade 12th Grade 2 Percentage 1 Chart 4 3 Planned about gambling Spent more than you planned atic Gambling Behavior by Grade 7 Led to lies? 6th Grade 8th Grade th Grade 12th Grade Percent of students 2 1 Planned about gambling Spent more than you planned Led to lies? Gambling and Other Behaviors Amg Nebraska Youth. Cference 6

7 Youth engaging in gambling activities 14A / Ramirez, Heller and Chilese Charts and 6 below illustrate the type of gambling cducted by youth in and 7. These charts represent those youth indicating gambling in the past year. Ten gambling activities were csidered: 1) gambled at a casino, 2) played the lottery, 3) bet sports, 4) bet cards, ) bet horses, 6) bingo for mey, 7) gambled the internet, 8) bet dice, 9) bet games of skill, and ) gambled at an event. According to the results, four gambling activities were reported more often by the students, and they are: 1) gambling cards, 2) bingo for mey, 3) gambling sports, and 4) games of skill. Overall, all gambling activities have decreased in percentage of participati between and 7. When comparing results across years and grades, significant statistical differences were found. The least significant differences were found 6 th graders; for those, three out of four gambling activities were reported as not statistically significant different between and 7 (the excepti was bingo for mey). See Table 2. Table 2: Statistical analysis selected gambling activities by grade and year 7 n % n % p value Bet sports 6th 1, , * 8th 1, , th 2, , th 1, , Bet of cards 6th * 8th 1, , th 2, , th 2, , Bingo for mey 6th 1, th 2, th 2, th 1, Bet games 6th * 8th * th th * Not significant at α =. Gambling and Other Behaviors Amg Nebraska Youth. Cference 7

8 Chart Percent of Students Engaging in Gambling in the Past Year by Grade - 6th 8th th 12th Percent 4 Casino Lottery Sports Cards Horses Bingo for Mey Internet Dice Games of Skill Community Event Chart 6 Percent of Students Engaging in Gambling in the Past Year by Grade - 7 6th 8th th 12th 3 2 Percent 1 Casino Lottery Sports Cards Horses Bingo for Mey Internet Dice Games of Skill Community Event Gambling and Other Behaviors Amg Nebraska Youth. Cference 8

9 Risk and Protective Factors 14A / Ramirez, Heller and Chilese There is a developing body of research designed to help with the identificati of risk and protective factors associated with youth problem gambling, however that research has not yet been tested with the same rigor as the risk and protective factors associated with substance abuse. Ctemporary alcohol and drug studies have focused science-based risk and protective factors, those factors were included in the report as the emerging youth problem gambling research appears to support similar correlatis. The data csistently supported the thought that youth gamblers have lower protective factors and higher risk factors. For every risk factor, in every grade, for both and 7 surveys, gambling youth had a higher rate than those students not engaging in gambling (see Tables 3 and 4). For example, in, 44.7% of gamblers in grade noted community disorganizati, whereas 36.8% of ngamblers noted community disorganizati. However, differences were not statistically different (p >.). Please see the risk and protective factors below for Grade. Table 3: Risk Profile. Grade (%) N-Gamblers Gamblers Community Disorganizati Laws and norms Favor drug use Perceived availability of drugs Perceived availability of handguns Poor family management Parent attitudes favor drug use Low Commitment to School Early initiati of ASB Early initiati of drug use Attitudes favorable to ASB Attitudes favorable to drug use Low perceived risk of drug use Gang involvement Gambling and Other Behaviors Amg Nebraska Youth. Cference 9

10 Table 4: 7 Risk Profile. Grade (%) N-Gamblers Gamblers Community Disorganizati Laws and norms Favor drug use Perceived availability of drugs Perceived availability of handguns Poor family management Parent attitudes favor drug use School academic failure Low Commitment to School Early initiati of ASB Early initiati of drug use Attitudes favorable to ASB Attitudes favorable to drug use Low perceived risk of drug use Gang involvement Gambling and Other Behaviors Amg Nebraska Youth. Cference

11 The protective factors scale produced similar results. For every protective factor, in every grade, gambling youth had a lower rate than those students not engaging in gambling (see Tables and 6). For example in, 3.% of gamblers in grade were noted as having positive social skills, whereas 73.3% of ngamblers were noted as having positive social skills. In 7, 68.% of ngamblers showed a positive attitude toward belief in moral order, in comparis to 4.3% of gamblers. Table : Protective Factors. Grade (%) N-Gamblers Gamblers Community Opportunity Family attachment Family opportunities School opportunity Peer-individual social skills Peer-individual belief in moral order Table 6: 7 Protective Factors. Grade (%) N-Gamblers Gamblers Community Opportunity Family attachment Family opportunities School opportunity Peer-individual belief in moral order Gambling and Other Behaviors Amg Nebraska Youth. Cference 11