Strategies for Impaired Driving Enforcement. Detective John Cullen Jacksonville (Florida) Sheriff s Office

Transcription

1 Strategies for Impaired Driving Enforcement Detective John Cullen Jacksonville (Florida) Sheriff s Office

2 Our S.I.D.E.

3 Objectives Review 3 phases of DUI investigation Transition to ARIDE ARIDE to DRE

4 Vehicle in motion

5 Common Symptoms of Alcohol Influence

6 Safe Driving Demands Safe driving demands the ability to divide attention among numerous simultaneous tasks.

7 Most Common and Reliable Initial Indicators of Impaired Driver Problems in maintaining proper lane position Speed and braking problems Vigilance problems Judgment problems

8 Problems Maintaining Proper Lane Position Weaving Weaving across lane line Drifting Straddling a lane line Swerving Almost striking object or vehicle Turning with a wide radius

9 Speed and Braking Problems Stopping problems Unnecessary acceleration or deceleration Varying speed 10 mph or more under the speed limit

10 Vigilance Problems Driving without headlights at night Failure to signal Driving wrong way Slow response to traffic/officer s signals Stopping in lane for no apparent reason

11 Judgment Problems Following too closely Improper lane change/turn Driving on other than designated roadway Stopping inappropriately in response to officer Inappropriate or unusual behavior Appearing to be impaired

12 Vehicle in motion

13 Post Stop Cues Difficulty with motor vehicle controls Fumbling with driver license or registration Difficulty exiting vehicle Repeating questions or comments Swaying, unsteady, or balance problems Leaning on the vehicle or other object Slurred speech Slow to respond to officer/officer must repeat Provides incorrect information, changes answers Odor of alcoholic beverage from the driver

14 Personal Conact

15 Personal Contact

16 What do you see? Bloodshot eyes Soiled clothing Fumbling fingers Alcohol containers Drug and drug paraphernalia Bruises, bumps, scratches Unusual actions

17 What do you hear? Slurred speech Admission of drinking Inconsistent responses Unusual statements Abusive language Anything else

18 What do you smell? Alcoholic beverage Marijuana Cover up odors Other unusual odors

19 Interview/Questioning Techniques Two things simultaneously Interrupting or distracting questions Unusual questions

20 Phase 2

21 The Exit What do you see? Angry, unusual reaction Can t follow instructions Can t open door Leaves car in gear Climbs out of car Leans against car Keeps hand on car

22 Pre arrest Screening

23 SFST s Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus Walk and Turn One leg stand

24 Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus Six maximum clues Maximum three clues per eye 88% accurate detecting subjects 0.08 BAC

25 Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus Lack of smooth pursuit Distinct and Sustained Nystagmus at Maximum Deviation Onset of Nystagmus prior to 45 degrees

26 Divided Attention Concentrating on more than one thing at a time (mental tasks and physical tasks)

27 Multi task Capabilities Required for Driving Information processing Short term memory Judgment/decision making Balance Steady, sure reactions Clear vision Small muscle control Coordination of limbs

28 Walk and Turn Validated by NHTSA 79% accurate detecting 0.08 BAC Do NOT deviate from SFST instructions Two stages: o Instruction Stage o Walking Stage

29 Walk and Turn Clues Instructions Stage Balance Starts too soon BS SO WHAT Walking Stage Stops walking Off the line Wrong number of steps Heel to toe Arms for balance Turn incorrectly

30 One Leg Stand Validated by NHTSA 83% accurate detecting 0.08 BAC Two stages: o o Instruction Stage Balance and Counting Stage

31 One Leg Stand Clues PUSH 1. Puts foot down 2. Uses arms to balance 3. Sways while balancing 4. Hopping

32 The Arrest Decision DWI detection process concludes with arrest decision Based on all evidence obtained during all three detection phases

33 Arrest Decision

34 Tips for testifying

35 SFST to ARIDE ARIDE Phase 3 Phase 1 Phase 2

36 Advanced Roadside Impaired Driving Enforcement ARIDE was created to address the gap in training between the SFST and the DEC Program. The SFST program trains officers to identify and assess drivers suspected of being under the influence of alcohol while the DEC Program provides more advanced training to evaluate suspected drug impairment. ARIDE is intended to bridge the gap between these two programs by providing officers with general knowledge related to drug impairment and promoting the use of DREs in states that have the DEC Program.

37 CNS Depressants CNS depressants slow down the operations of the brain and the body. Alcohol is the most familiar CNS depressant

38 CNS Depressants General Indicators: Disoriented Droopy eyelids (ptosis) Drowsiness Drunk like behavior Gait Ataxia Slow, sluggish reactions Thick, slurred speech Uncoordinated

39 CNS Stimulants CNS stimulants accelerate the heart rate and elevate the blood pressure and speed up, or overstimulate, the body.

40 CNS Stimulants

41 CNS Stimulants General Indicators: Euphoria Hyperactivity Release of inhibitions Misperception of time and distance Inability to concentrate Bruxism (Grinding of the teeth)

42 Hallucinogens Hallucinogens cause the user to perceive things differently than they actually are.

43 Hallucinogens General Indicators: Nausea Paranoia Perspiring Piloerection Poor perception of time and distance Synesthesia Uncoordinated

44 Dissociative Anesthetics Dissociative anesthetics include drugs that inhibit pain by cutting off or dissociating the brain s perception of the pain.

45 Dissociative Anesthetics General Indicators: Difficulty with speech Disoriented Early HGN angle of onset Hallucinations Incomplete verbal responses Non Communicative Perspiring (PCP) Sensory distortions Possibly violent Slurred and repetitive speech Warm to touch (PCP) Loss of Memory

46 Narcotic Analgesics Narcotic analgesics relieve pain, induce euphoria, and create mood changes in the user.

47 Narcotic Analgesics General Indicators: Nausea On the nod Puncture marks Slowed reflexes Slow, low, raspy speech Slowed breathing Constricted pupils Depressed reflexes Droopy eyelids Drowsiness Dry mouth Euphoria Facial itching

48 Inhalants Inhalants include a wide variety of breathable substances that produce mind altering results and effects.

49 Inhalants General Indicators: Bloodshot, watery eyes Confusion Disoriented Flushed face, possibly sweating Intense headaches

50 Inhalants General Indicators Lack of muscle control Non communicative Odor of the inhaled substance Possible nausea Possible traces of the substance around the face and nose Slow, thick, slurred speech

51 Cannabis Cannabis is the scientific name for marijuana. The active ingredient in cannabis is delta 9 tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC.

52 ARIDE to DRE

53 Breath Alcohol Test The arresting officer reviews the subject s breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) test results and determines if the subject s apparent impairment is consistent with the subject s BrAC. If the impairment is not explained by the BrAC, the officer requests a DRE evaluation.

54 Interview of the Arresting Officer The DRE begins the investigation by reviewing the BrAC test results and discussing the circumstances of the arrest with the arresting officer. The DRE asks about the subject s behavior, appearance, and driving.

55 Preliminary Examination 3 step determination process Is the subject impaired? Is the impairment caused by a medical condition or drug impairment? What category or categories of drugs are causing the impairment?

56 Preliminary Examination The DRE conducts a preliminary examination, in large part, to ascertain whether the subject may be suffering from an injury or other condition unrelated to drugs. Accordingly, the DRE asks the subject a series of standard questions relating to the subject s health and recent ingestion of food, alcohol, and drugs, including prescribed medications. The DRE observes the subject s attitude, coordination, speech, breath and face.

57 Preliminary Examination The DRE also determines if the subject s pupils are of equal size and if the subject s eyes can follow a moving stimulus and track equally. The DRE also looks for horizontal gaze nystagmus (HGN) and takes the subject s pulse for the first of three times. If the DRE believes that the subject may be suffering from a significant medical condition, the DRE will seek medical assistance immediately. If the DRE believes that the subject s condition is drug related, the evaluation continues.

58 Eye Examination The DRE examines the subject for HGN, vertical gaze Nystagmus (VGN), and a lack of convergence.

59 Divided Attention Psychophysical Tests The DRE administers four psychophysical tests: the Modified Romberg Balance, the Walk and Turn, the One Leg Stand, and the Finger to Nose test.

60 Vital Signs The DRE takes the subject s blood pressure, temperature, and (second) pulse.

61 Dark Room Examinations The DRE estimates the subject s pupil sizes under three different lighting conditions with a measuring device called a pupilometer. The device will assist the DRE in determining whether the subject s pupils are dilated, constricted, or normal.

62 Examination for Muscle Tone The DRE examines the subject s skeletal muscle tone. Certain categories of drugs may cause the muscles to become rigid. Other categories may cause the muscles to become very loose and flaccid.

63 Check for Injection Sites The DRE examines the subject for injection sites, which may indicate recent use of certain types of drugs. The DRE also takes the subject s pulse for the third and final time.

64 Subject s Statements and Other Observations The DRE typically reads Miranda, if not done so previously, and asks the subject a series of questions regarding the subject s drug use

65 Opinion of the Evaluator Based on the totality of the evaluation, the DRE forms an opinion as to whether or not the subject is impaired. If the DRE determines that the subject is impaired, the DRE will indicate what category or categories of drugs may have contributed to the subject s impairment.

66 Toxicological Examination After completing the evaluation, the DRE normally requests a urine, blood and/or saliva sample from the subject for a toxicology lab analysis.