National Anti-Drug Strategy, 2012 to 2017

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2 1 National Anti-Drug Strategy, 2012 to 2017

3 MAP OF GRENADA TABLE OF CONTENTS TOPIC PAGE Chapter 1: Introduction 6 Chapter 2: Analysis Of The Drug Situation 12 Chapter 3: Institutional Framework 29 Chapter 4: Actions 36 2

4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Government of Grenada wishes to thank the following Organizations and persons who assisted either directly or indirectly in the formulation of the National Anti-Drug Strategy, 2012 to Ministry of National Security Ministry of Health Ministry of Education and Human Resource Development Ministry of Youth Empowerment Ministry of Legal Affairs Ministry of Foreign Affairs Ministry of Finance Her Majesty s Prisons Royal Grenada Police Force The Media Legal Aid & Counselling Clinic Community Groups Sporting Organizations Trade Unions National Coalition on the Rights of the Child Grenada National Organization of Women Conference of Churches Churches Grenada Drug Information Network St. George s University Schools Counsellors Researchers Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission (CICAD) St. George s University Esther Munga, Student, St. George s University Drug Control Secretariat 3

5 STATEMENT BY PRIME MINISTER AND MINISTER OF NATIONAL SECURITY, HONOURABLE TILLMAN THOMAS PENDING 4

6 DEFINITION OF ACRONYMS CARICOM: CICAD: EU: GOG: GRENDIN: OAS: PAHO: REDTRAC; RSS: UNODC: Caribbean Community Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission European Union Government of Grenada Grenada Drug Information Network Organization of American States Pan American Health organization Caribbean Regional Drug Law Enforcement Training Centre Regional Security System United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime 5

7 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 6

8 INTRODUCTION The state of Grenada is comprised of three islands: Grenada, Carriacou and Petite Martinique, with a total area of 344 sq. km. and 121 km of coastline. The country has a population of 102,632, with the following main ethnic groups: black, European, and Amerindian, with a literacy rate of 98%. Grenada is a divided into seven parishes (one parish consists of the neighbouring islands of Carriacou, and Petite Martinique). The country is a parliamentary democratic state and member of the Commonwealth. NATIONAL ANTI-DRUG STRATEGY 2004 TO 2008 The National Anti-Drug Strategy 2004 to 2008, outlined all national concerns in drug control. It was approved by Cabinet on 5 July It epired on 31 December Approimately ninety-eight (98) percent of all programmes in the Master Plan were implemented. This rate of implementation can be characterized as successful, notwithstanding the challenges encountered in implementation. The lessons learnt in the implementation of the National Anti-Drug Strategy 2004 to 2008, will be beneficial as Grenada prepares to devise and implement the net National Anti-Drug Strategy. Benefits derived from the successful implementation of the Master Plan included: Improved co-coordination all activities of the national drug control; Increased and strengthened international links with regional and international Institutions involved in the area of drug control. NATIONAL ANTI DRUG Strategy 2012 TO 2017 The National Anti-Drug Strategy 2012 to 2017 is the blueprint of the Government of Grenada s responses to the drug phenomena. It outlines all national concerns in drug control. It articulates national policies, define priorities, and apportion responsibilities for drug control efforts. All national concerns in drug control are outlined in a comprehensive manner and structured in a logical framework by analyzing the countryspecific drug problems through the use of statistical data, assessing the activities carried out until now, and identifying what needs to be undertaken during a specific period to attain the objectives agreed upon. 7

9 PILLARS OF THE NATIONAL ANTI-DRUG STRATEGY The National Anti-Drug Strategy 2012 to 2017, consist of the following pillars. Institutional Strengthening Monitoring and Evaluation Demand Reduction Control Measures Suppply Reduction 8

10 Vision A healthy, safe and productive Grenada. Mission To promote an environment of sustained non-tolerance toward drugs and associated behaviours. Values Values that would contribute to the successful implementation and positive impact of the National Anti-Drug Strategy are: i. Healthy lifestyles. ii. iii. iv. Respect for the rule of law. Respect for authority. Appreciation for life. v. Courtesy. Goals: The goals and objectives of the National Anti-Drug Strategy are: INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING Goal To strengthen the institutional framework to enhance the control of drugs. Objectives i. Facilitate the co-operation of all stakeholders involved in drug control. ii. Develop the technical capacity to design and conduct drug control programmes. 9

11 DEMAND REDUCTION Goals i. To reduce drug use and its consequences. ii. To epand treatment and rehabilitative capacity. Objectives i. Develop national facilities and policies, which would provide a continuum of care for persons who encounter problems due to the consumption of drugs. ii. Empower persons to make healthy lifestyle choices. SUPPLY REDUCTION Goal To disrupt and dismantle drug production and distribution networks. Objectives i. Develop appropriate mechanisms which would strengthen the capacity of law enforcement officers and other Officials to implement drug supply reduction initiatives. ii. iii. Develop and conduct specialized training for law enforcement and the judiciary to address illicit drug trafficking. Conduct alternative and sustainable development programmes geared toward reduction of drug production and trafficking CONTROL MEASURES Goals i. To strengthen eisting regulations and mechanisms which would improve drug control measures. ii. iii. To strengthen border control mechanisms to reduce drug trafficking. To improve measures necessary to reduce financial crimes associated with drug trafficking. Objectives i. Strengthen eisting regulations and mechanisms which would improve drug control measures. 10

12 ii. Epand the eisting border control measures which would reduce drug trafficking. iii. Improve cooperation between local, regional and international law enforcement agencies. MONITORING AND EVALUATION Goal To create an entity responsible for performance and program evaluation. Objective Create protocols and procedures for monitoring performance and programme evaluation. Benefits To Be Derived from the Master Plan The eecution of the National Anti-Drug Strategy would generate the following benefits: i. Focus the attention of all stakeholders on the issue. ii. iii. iv. Co-ordination of all efforts of the national drug control programme into a joint approach. Inform all stakeholders and citizens of the national drug control programme, and Grenada s achievements in drug control. Inform Government of Grenada s (GOG) policies on drug control. v. Forge international links with other drug prevention councils in the region and internationally. vi. Provide a mechanism through which the national drug control programme can be evaluated. Outcomes: The National Anti-Drug Strategy seeks to achieve the following outcomes: i. Reduction in drug use among the general population. ii. Reduction of the consequences of drug use. iii. Reduction in availability and accessibility of drugs. 11

13 CHAPTER 2 ANALYSIS OF THE DRUG SITUATION 12

14 Absolute numbers of arrests Absolute number of arrests of females National Anti-Drug Strategy, 2012 to 2017 NATURE AND EXTENT OF THE DRUG SITUATION, 2001 to 2009 Arrests, Seizures, Incarcerations, Admissions A study of the total number of arrests in Grenada for drug-related offences indicates that the majority of arrests were males. Between 2001 and 2009, the arrests for males increased by 118%, while those of females increased by 23%. For both genders, the highest number of arrests occurred in Per year, the mean arrests for males were 432 and that of females, 35. Figure 1 indicates the annual number of persons arrested and charged for drug-related offences males total females Year 0 FIGURE 1: NUMBER OF PERSONS ARRESTED AND CHARGED FOR DRUG-RELATED OFFENCES, A study of the age ranges of people arrested for drug-related offences indicates that the number of arrests increases with age, with major spikes in the year range and the 40 year range, shown in figure 2. 13

15 number of arrests National Anti-Drug Strategy, 2012 to # arrests" yrs yrs yrs yrs Age ranges yrs 40+ yrs FIGURE 2: TOTAL NUMBER OF ARRESTS ACROSS AGE RANGES, A graph of all arrests per year indicates that the largest increase in arrests from occurred in the 40 years age range, and that the majority of the arrests during that time period were of this age group yrs 2% yrs 13% 40+ yrs 41% yrs 14% yrs 13% yrs 17% FIGURE 3: PROPORTIONS OF AGE RANGES OF PEOPLE ARRESTED, 2001 AND

16 number of arrests National Anti-Drug Strategy, 2012 to 2017 A study of the number of persons convicted for the possession of illegal drugs indicates that there was a steep drop in the number of convictions in 2004 and 2005, possibly related to the effects of Hurricane Ivan. The number of arrests spiked in 2007, and then declined rapidly in 2008 and Overall, the number of convictions for the possession of illegal drugs has been on the decline, as indicated by figure 4 below # persons convicted for possession of illegal drugs, year FIGURE 4: NUMBER OF PERSONS CONVICTED FOR POSSESSION OF ILLEGAL DRUGS, The number of people sent to prison for drug-related offences increased between 2001 and 2009, with the greatest increase in males at 38%. The increase in females was 20% although their numbers were low (from 8-10). Annually, an average of 54.7 men and 4.3 women were sent to prison for drug related offences. Figure 5 shows the annual trends for this data, and figure 5 indicates the distribution between males and females. 15

17 Number of persons National Anti-Drug Strategy, 2012 to Males Females Total Linear (Males ) Linear (Females) Year FIGURE 5: THE NUMBER OF PERSONS SENT TO PRISON FOR DRUG-RELATED OFFENCES, An eamination of the drug-related admissions to Carlton house between 2001 and 2009 indicates that the majority were to males (90%) and 10% females. Admissions at Carlton house have been on the decrease, a trend that does not reflect the increase in drug related problems seen earlier in this report and a cause for concern. Data was not available for The average annual admittance for males was 37.5 while for females it was 2.5. The most total admissions occurred in 2003 and the fewest in 2009.Figure 6 illustrates the number of admissions at Carlton House, 16

18 # admissions National Anti-Drug Strategy, 2012 to male female Year FIGURE 8: ANNUAL DRUG-RELATED ADMISSIONS TO CARLTON HOUSE, 2001 TO 2009 On closer eamination of the reasons for admissions to Carlton House for Males, four main reasons were found; alcohol, marijuana, cocaine and poly drugs. Alcohol and poly drug abuse accounted for 42% and 31% of the admissions, as shown in Figure 10 below. The average numbers of annual admissions for males are as follows: Alcohol (15.5), marijuana (5), cocaine (5.3) and poly drugs (11.7). On average, 37.5 males were admitted to Carlton House for drug-related problems. The annual trends show a general decrease in the number of admissions to Carlton house between 2001 and 2009 in all drugs ecept marijuana which increased by 14%. All the other admissions declined as follows: Alcohol-related by 75%, Cocaine and crack-related by 78%, poly drugs by 75% and in total there was a 64% decline in male admissions at Carlton House. Figure 7 illustrates the annual trends in admissions for males at Carlton house. 17

19 POLY DRUGS 31% ALCOHOL 42% COCAINE/CRACK 14% MARIJUANA 13% FIGURE 7: REASONS FOR ADMISSION TO CARLTON HOUSE, 2001 TO 2009 The Royal Grenada Police Force (RGPF) made many seizures related to drugs between 2001 and The majority were related to marijuana, illustrated by figure 8. The largest seizure was of cannabis trees, followed by cannabis cigarettes. There were only 3 seizures of ecstasy and methamphetamines in the 9 year period, but the quantity of ecstasy pills seized in 2008 was substantial. 18

20 number Number of cannabis cigarettes Number of cannabis trees National Anti-Drug Strategy, 2012 to ,000 20,000 15, ,000 5,000 Cannabis Trees Cannabis Cigarettes 0 0 Year FIGURE 8: QUANTITIES OF CANNABIS RELATED SEIZURES BY THE RGPF BETWEEN 2001 AND 2009 Methamphetamine seizures occurred only once in the period under review Seizures by the RGPF, Methamphetamines Cocaine year FIGURE 9: COCAINE AND METHAMPHETAMINE SEIZURES BY THE RGPF, 2001 TO

21 kilogrammes National Anti-Drug Strategy, 2012 to 2017 A small amount of crack was also seized by the RGPF, with the most amount being seized in 2008 as illustrated by figure Crack seizures by the RGPF, Crack (kg) Year FIGURE 10: CRACK SEIZURES BY THE RGPF, 2001 TO 2009 Drug Prevalence The Inter-American Observatory on Drugs (OID) as part of its mission to assist in the promotion and building of a drug information network for the Americas, commenced regional implementation of the Secondary School Drug Prevalence survey in July Grenada participated in this initiative, and conducted its first survey in 2002 targeting four thousand, two hundred and twenty three (4,223) 2 nd, 4 th and 6 th form students. To ensure effective monitoring and evaluation, the survey was repeated among three thousand and eighty-eight (3,088) 2 nd, 4 th and 5 th form students from 19 public secondary schools participated in the second secondary school drug prevalence survey. The majority of participants were between the ages of (44.3%) followed by persons (36.5%) and (19.2%). The survey s objectives were two-fold: 1. To determine the prevalence and incidence of drug use among secondary school students in Grenada; 20

22 2. To establish comparisons with the results of the first secondary school drug prevalence survey conducted in 2002 as a means of informing policy makers of new trends. The survey revealed the following information: Accessibility Of Illicit Drugs In response to the general question of how easy is it to obtain illicit drugs, results revealed that access to drugs would not prove too difficult for students. Slightly more than half of respondents (53.5%) reported that it was very easy (26.0%) or easy (27.5%) to obtain illicit drugs. On the other hand, 46.5% reported some degree of difficulty very difficult (30.6%) and difficult (15.9%). Prevalence Of Alcohol Use Four of every five students or 84.1% had drunk an alcoholic beverage at least once in their lifetime. In addition, past year and last month prevalence of alcoholic drinks among Grenadian students was 63.2% and 42.8% respectively. The median age at which students in Grenada took their first drink of alcohol was 11 years (mean: 11.2 years and mode: 10 years) Percentage Lifetime Last 12 months last 30 days FIGURE 11: PREVALENCE OF ALCOHOLIC DRINKS 21

23 Prevalence of Alcohol Use by Gender The rate of drinking among males was slightly higher than among females at both eperimental and more eperienced stages. A total of 87.4% of male students and 80.8% of female students had taken alcohol at least once in their lifetime, compared to 47.7% and 37.7% males and females in the last 30 days. Percentage Lifetime Last 12 months Last 30 days Male Female Figure 12: Prevalence Of Alcohol Use By Gender Prevalence of Alcohol Use by Age For drinking at least once in one s lifetime, where the general lifetime prevalence was 84.1%, age specific lifetime rates were 74.6%, 86.8%, 88.2% and 88.6% for persons aged 12-14, 15-16, and 19 and above respectively. Rates for current use among the same groups were 29.6%, 44.8%, 53.1% and 62.9% respectively. Percentage Lifetime Last 12 months Last 30 days years years years 19+ FIGURE 13: PREVALENCE OF ALCOHOL USE AMONG STUDENT BY AGE GROUP 22

24 Prevalence Of Marijuana Use Marijuana was tried by approimately one in every four students or 27.3% respondents. A total of 15.7% had used marijuana in the past year and 8.6% in the past 30 days preceding the survey. The median age of first use of marijuana was 13 years for participating students (mean and mode age: 12.6 and 14.0 years respectively). Prevalence of Marijuana Use by Gender When these results were looked at for males and females separately, it was observed that the usage rates among males were significantly higher than females for all prevalence indicators. For lifetime use, 32.4% of all male students had used marijuana at least once versus 21.8% females, while 10.4% of males compared to 6.7% of the females were considered current users. Percentage Lifetime Last 12 months Last 30 days Male Female Total FIGURE 14: PREVALENCE OF MARIJUANA USE AMONG STUDENTS BY GENDER AND TOTAL Prevalence of Marijuana Use by Age Generally, marijuana consumption was \related to students age. For lifetime use, rates among year olds was 15.6% compared to 40.0% among persons aged 19 and above - approimately 2.5 times more than the oldest group. Moreover, age specific rates for current use revealed that while only 3.1% of those aged used marijuana in the last 30 days, usage increased to 10.4%, 14.1% and 17.1% for those aged 15-16, and 19 and above respectively. 23

25 Percentage Lifetime Last 12 months Last 30 days FIGURE 15: PREVALENCE OF MARIJUANA USE BY AGE Prevalence Of Crack Cocaine Use The prevalence of crack cocaine use was 1.4% for lifetime use, 0.8% for use in the last 12 months and 0.5% for use within the last 30 days. Prevalence Of Crack Cocaine Use By Age Use as measured by all indicators increased significantly from persons aged to those 19 and older. Lifetime prevalence for crack cocaine use among students aged was 0.9% compared to 8.6% for persons aged 19 and above. Similarly current use for the same age groups was 0.3 and 5.7% respectively. Cocaine Hydrochloride (HCL) Similar to crack cocaine, the use of powdered cocaine HCl was not common among secondary school students. Only 1.5% of students reported eperimentation with this form of cocaine, with 1.0% using the drug in the past 12 months and 0.5% in the last 30 days prior to the study. Linkages Between Drugs and Crime years years years 19+ A study to determine the relationship between drugs and crime was conducted at Her Majesty s Prisons, Grenada in The sample size for the study was 104 inmates, or twenty-five (25) percent of the prison population. The sample consisted of seventy-two (72) convicted and thirty-two (32) remand prisoners. The combined sample of respondents were mainly from Grenada 83.3% (70) persons, Britain 4.8% (4) persons, Trinidad 6% (5) persons, and Jamaica 3.6% (3), Africa 1.19% (1), Honduras 1.2% (1) and Canada 2.4% (2) persons. The findings revealed that 40% of the crimes committed by the respondents occurred under the influence of drugs. The results also revealed that the drug with the highest 24

26 intoication that resulted in crime was alcohol. Another finding was seual assault, physical assault, and malicious damage were the crimes committed under the influence of drugs. Persons who had committed the offences for the first time were also more likely to occur under the influence of drugs than among persons with repeat offences. Additionally, according the responses, drug use was very likely to continue after being sentenced for the committed crimes. Figure 16: TYPES AND DISTRIBUTION OF OFFENCES COMMITTED UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF DRUGS Respondents were asked to rate the importance of the relationship between drugs and crime. Twenty-two percent (22%) of them thought that there was no relationship between drugs and crime. Of the 76% who considered the relationship between crime and drugs to be important, 49% of them rated the relationship from important to very important. The other 18% of them rated the relationship as having little importance to somewhat important. In determining the role of drugs in the crime committed by remand and convicted prisoners, they were asked whether the crime they committed and for which they are being imprisoned was related to drug and whether the crime was committed under the influence of drugs. Thirty-three percent of the respondents (33%) acknowledged that the crimes committed were related to drugs. 25

27 Twenty-five percent of the respondent (25%) admitted to being under the influence of drugs when their crimes were committed. Of the prisoners whose crimes were committed under the influence of drugs (25%), more than half (13%) of them indicated that the crimes were committed under the influence of alcohol. Marijuana (6%), cocaine (4%) and crack (2%) were the other named drugs influencing the perpetrators of the crimes. Nineteen percent (19%) of the prisoners whose crimes were committed under the influence of drugs stated that the crimes would not have been committed if they were not under the influence of drugs. Eight percent of respondents (8%) stated that the crime would still have been committed even if they were not under the influence of drugs. Twenty percent of respondents (20%), who were under the influence of drugs at the time of their crime, declared that they did not consume drugs in order to boost their courage to commit the crimes. Eight percent of the respondents (8%) admitted to using drugs to boost their courage to commit the crimes and 4% of respondents declined the question. The type of drug activities for which prisoners were incarcerated ranged from drugs for personal use to marketing and selling drugs. Eleven percent of respondents (11%) claimed that their drug activity violated drug laws. Eleven percent (11%) reported that their drug activity involved the production, selling and trafficking of drugs and another twelve percent of them (12%) claimed their crimes were linked to the drug market. Seven percent of them (7%), claimed that their crimes were linked to drugs for personal consumption. The study also looked at the impact of the crimes, and subsequent imprisonment of prisoners, on their lives and the life of their family members. Respondents were asked to rate the etent to which crime and imprisonment impacted their own lives economically, socially, morally, as well as their physical health, mental health and their relationships with family members. This question was not applicable for 50% of the respondents. The remaining fifty percent (50%) varied in their evaluation of the impact of their crime and imprisonment. For them the aspects of their lives most affected were family relationships (27%), their social life (19%) and economically (23.0%). The areas of their lives least affected are their mental health (10.0%), morally (11%) and their physical health (12%). The following table showed the respondents ratings of the impact of their crimes on their lives. Like the individual impact, respondents were asked to evaluate the impact of their crimes and imprisonment on their family. The aspects of their lives most affected by the prisoners crimes were their social (20%), economic (26%) and their familial relationships (25%). The areas not or least affected are their physical health (17%) and mental health (12%) and morally (9%). In respondents evaluation of the impact of their crime and imprisonment on their family relationships, the three most significant findings were eamined. Respondents reported that family was affected economically, socially, and family wise. Twenty-si percent of the respondents (26%) said that their drug use had a significant impact on their family s economic situation. Twenty-five percent (25%) of the respondents reported that their 26

28 crime and imprisonment had a significant impact on their family relationships and twenty percent (20%) reported that their family members were affected socially as a result of their crime and imprisonment. The study was conducted by Dr. Wendy Crawford, Associate Professor at the School of Arts and Sciences, St. George s University, and funded by the Organization of American States/ Inter American Drug Abuse Control Commission (OAS/CICAD). Summary of Key Drug Trends: Drug Trends: Cultivation, Trafficking, Violence 1. Appears to be an increase in cultivation of marijuana. 2. Maritime trafficking is the primary transshipment method. However there is trafficking through the Maurice Bishop International Airport, and the Postal System. 3. Stockpiling of marijuana and cocaine is done. Most of the cocaine go to international markets (70% United Britain and Europe; 20% United States of America; 10% for local consumption). 4. No evidence of trafficking of heroin. However, some heroin was found aboard a flightfrom Grenada to Canada some years ago. 5. Emergence of New Drugs: Ecstasy and Methamphetamine. 6. Increased number of foreign national being arrested, charged and convicted for drug-related offences, mainly the trafficking of drugs. 7. Increased frequency in seizures of large quantities of drugs. 8. Linkages between violent criminal activities and drugs. 9. No evidence of sale of drugs via the internet. 10. Little evidence of problems associated with the consumption of medicinal drugs and pain medication. 11. No significant changes in the wholesale and retail prices of drugs in the past five years. 27

29 Identification of the functionality of the National Anti-Drug System. SWOT Analysis: Institutional, legal and political framework for the development of the national anti-drug strategy. Strengths Committed personnel Competent personnel Data (research studies, statistics) Weaknesses Limited finances Small staff at the Drug Control Secretariat Grenada Drug Information Network (GRENDIN) Ecellent cooperation by stakeholders Opportunities Technical and financial assistance from key partners (OAS/CICAD, CARICOM, INTERPOL, European Union) Emergence of new drugs Threats Weak economy Limited finances Crime and violence Drug Trafficking. 28

30 CHAPTER 3 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK 29

31 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR MONITORING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NATIONAL ANTI-DRUG STRATEGY Ministry of National Security The Ministry of National Security is tasked with the responsibility for overall monitoring and supervision of the implementation of the National Anti-Drug Master Plan. The responsibilities of the Ministry of National Security, in regards to the Master Plan are: i. Report to Cabinet and Parliament on the status of the national drug situation and the progress of measures outlined in the National Anti-Drug Strategy 2012 to ii. iii. iv. To ensure that all due priority is assigned to the National Anti-Drug Strategy. To mobilize necessary financial, technical and other resources necessary for the implementation of the National Anti-Drug Strategy. To monitor the implementation and progress of all interventions and activities of the National Drug Maters Plan, based on the recommendations and annual report submitted by the National Council on Drug Control. v. To decide on recommendations formulation by the National Council on Drug Control. vi. To facilitate the tasks and responsibilities of the National Council on Drug Control. National Council On Drug Control (NCODC) The National Council On Drug Control (NCODC) was established by the Drug Abuse (Prevention and Control) (Amendment) Act, January It is the central Government institution to assess, monitor, implement and evaluate all national drug control programmes. Under the Drug Abuse (Prevention and Control) (Amendment) Act, January 2002, the NCODC must consider any matter relating to drug dependence or the misuse or abuse of drugs or the illegal supply of drugs referred to it by the Minister responsible for National Security, or the Minister responsible for Health and advise the respective Minister thereon. The National Council On Drug Control consists of an Eecutive, headed by the Minister of National Security; five (5) Technical Workgroups, and a Special Interests Workgroup. The Technical Workgroups consist of eperts in areas of drug control such as demand reduction, supply reduction, treatment and rehabilitation, money laundering, banking, and legislation. Organizations from civil society such as the trade union, churches, and political organizations, are represented on the Special Interests Workgroup. 30

32 The Technical Workgroups are: i. Legal Affairs ii. Financial Affairs iii. Law Enforcement iv. Air and Maritime Cooperation v. Demand Reduction Drug Control Secretariat The Drug Control Secretariat is the administrative body of the NCODC. It is headed by the Drug Control Officer and serves to increase the operational efficiency of the NCODC and the effectiveness of the national drug control programme. It functions in the areas of: i. Coordination ii. Monitoring and evaluation iii. Strategic planning iv. Information management v. Programme development 31

33 ORGANIZATIONAL CHART: INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Parliament Cabinet Minister for National Security Permanent Secretary, Ministry for National Security National Council On Drug Control Drug Control Secretariat 32

34 Political, Social and Economic Framework Grenada has a total area of 344 km2 and 121 km. of coastline. The state of Grenada comprises three islands: Grenada, Carriacou and Petite Martinique. The country has a population of 109,480 (2008) with the following main ethnic groups: Black, European, and East Indian. Its literacy rate is 96% (2006). Grenada is a parliamentary democratic state divided into seven parishes. It gained political independence in 1974 from Britain. In 2009 the economy declined by 1.4 per cent, compared to 7.7 percent in Unemployment is 24.9% (2008). The agricultural sector grew by 8.25 per cent in Inflation at October 2010 was 6.5 per cent. The economy is epected to grow between 2.0 and 2.5 per cent. Legal Framework Grenada is a unitary State that applies a common law legal system. The country s drug and drug-related legislation comes from several pieces of legislation. One of the most significant pieces of legislation in this regard is the 1992 Drug Abuse (Prevention and Control) Act and its subsequent amendments. The Act establishes control and regulatory mechanisms. Other important pieces of legislation in Grenada include the Proceeds of a Crime Act of 2003 and the 1999 Money Laundering Act as well as other norms on international cooperation. Supply reduction The Drug Abuse (Prevention and Control) Act, in Part I defines drugs and drug-related acts. Part II establishes the regulations and restrictions on the import, eport, production and supply, possession, and cultivation of controlled substances. Part III deals with the transit and shipment of controlled substances as to prevent and prohibit their diversion. Part VIII establishes the State s powers in enforcing and punishing violations of the law; such powers include, searches and seizures, arrest, and prosecution. The 2002 Amendment to the Drug Abuse (Prevention and Control) Act created, organized and elaborated the National Council On Drug Control (NCODC). The NCODC is Grenada s central government institution charged with assessing, monitoring, and implement and evaluating national drug control programs. Demand reduction Provisions on demand reduction are not enshrined in national law. Part VI of the Drug Abuse (Prevention and Control) Act establishes preventative regulations against the prescribing of certain substances, as well as their proper storage and transport in order to prevent deviation. Aspects on treatment and drug education are not detailed. Drug-related criminality Part IV of the Drug Abuse (Prevention and Control) Act details drug trafficking and related offenses. Article 19 establishes the prohibitions and criminality for assisting in retaining the benefits of drug trafficking activity. Article 35 (4b) and (6) and Article 47 establish and regulate how the State can seize assets and property that are forfeited in contravention of the law. Grenada s other main legal tools used to prevent and combat drug-related criminality include the Money Laundering (Prevention) Act of 1999 and the Proceeds of a Crime Act of 2003, along with their respective amendments. The Act on 33

35 money laundering was passed to strengthen Grenada s anti-laundering mechanisms. This includes Part II, which further elaborates on the offenses related to laundering, Part III, which establishes the State s powers of investigation, and other mechanisms. Part IV details Grenada s Anti-Money Laundering Supervisory Authority, the forerunner to the country s Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU), which was tasked with gathering information and coordinating with financial institutions as to monitor laundering activities. Other parts of Part IV include obligations of financial institutions, reporting requirements of suspicious transactions, mandatory injunctions and revocation of business licenses for non-compliance and search and tracking warrants. Article 24 makes laundering an etraditable offense and bank secrecy obligations may be overridden as stated by Article 25. The Proceeds of a Crime Act, which is also regulated by a statutory rules order from the Ministry of Finance, defines, in detail, acts and activities related to benefiting from a crime. Part I defines activities such as drug trafficking and criminal conduct, among other things. Part II details the practice and regulations regarding confiscating and asset forfeiture. Specifically Article 9 details confiscation orders for the offense of drug trafficking. Part III elaborates on the State s powers in enforcing confiscation orders. Part IV discuss the State s information gathering powers, including search warrants, disclosure of information, and sanctions for non-compliance or prejudicing matters of investigation. Part V detail offenses relating to money laundering or aiding in the concealment or transfer of illicitly obtained proceeds. Article 48 obliges financial institutions to maintain records of suspicious activity and Article 49 discusses the penalties for offenses of laundering. Article 50 details the State s prevention mechanism through the supervisory authority, which monitors laundering activity. Part VI details seizures of cash. The Financial Intelligence Unit Act of 2003 establishes Grenada s FIU as well as its organization, roles, and functions. International obligations Articles 54 to 56 of the Proceeds of a Crime Act detail elements of international cooperation in the form of foreign orders when other States request information, evidence, or seizure of suspected proceeds. In other regards of international obligations and cooperation, Grenada maintains the Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters Act of The Act details Grenada s role in requesting and offering legal assistance to designated countries, which include all Commonwealth and other States as decided by the government. In addition, Grenada maintains an Etradition Act of 1998, which details etraditable offenses, etradition arrangements and procedures, as well as regulations and denial. The Echange of Information Act of 2003 is used to help foreign regulatory authorities obtain information from Grenada. Under the Act the Finance Minister may provide information to foreign authorities if requested. 34

36 Stakeholders Map Oversight & Sponsors UNODC PAHO OAS/CICAD CARICOM RSS EU Network Partners and Service Providers Grenada Drug Information Network St. George s University Child Welfare Authority Red Cross Salvation Army Association of Social Workers Legal Aid & Counselling Clinic National Coalition on the Rights of the Child National Council on Drug Control Government Ministries/Departments Ministry of Ministry of National Security Ministry of Health Ministry of Education Ministry of Youth Ministry of Social Affairs Ministry of Legal Affairs Ministry of Foreign Affairs Ministry of Finance Policy Approval Cabinet Permanent Secretaries Customers and Users Schools Churches Families Communities Counsellors Researchers Interest Groups Media Legal Aid & Counselling Clinic Community Groups Sporting Organizations Trade Unions National Coalition on the Rights of the Child Grenada National Organization of Women Conference of Churches Churches 35

37 CHAPTER 4 ACTIONS 36

38 INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING 1 Goal To strengthen the institutional framework to enhance the control of drugs. Objectives Facilitate the co-operation of all stakeholders involved in drug control. Develop the technical capacity to design and conduct drug control programmes. Institutional Strengthening Personnel and Equipment Action/Strategy Timeline Responsible Ministry/Institution Increase the staff of the Drug Control 2012 Ministry of National Secretariat by three Officers Security Upgrade eisting equipment at the Ministry of National Drug Control Secretariat Establish a desk at the Ministry of Carriacou and Petite Martinique Affairs responsible for implementation of drug prevention programs in Carriacou and Petite Martinique Security 2013 Ministry of National Security; Ministry of Carriacou and Petite Martinique Affairs Performance Indicator Increased number of staff New equipment Establishment of Office in Carriacou and Petite Martinique Institutional Strengthening: Treaties, Conventions, Legislation, Policies Action/Strategy Timeline Responsible Ministry/Institution Accede to the United Nations Convention Against Corruption, Ministry of Legal Affairs Performance Indicator Accession to the Convention Establish Memorandum of Understanding, Bilateral Agreements, Treaties with regional and international Ministry of Foreign Affairs Ministry of National Security Establishment Memorandum Understanding, of of 1 Institutional Strengthening refers to the eistence of a National Anti-Drug Strategy which serves as the framework to guide all anti-drug activities, National Anti-Drug Council, and Treaties, Conventions, and Legislation enacted, and the eistence of data collection mechanisms. 37

39 countries to combat drug trafficking, and echange of information Ministry of Legal Affairs Bilateral Agreements, Treaties Amend the Liquor Dealers Licences, Cap 174, to prohibit the sale/distribution of intoicating liquor to persons who have not attained the age of eighteen years Amend the Liquor Dealers Licences, Cap 174, to provide for a comprehensive on all alcohol, promotions and sponsorship Amend the Liquor Dealers Licences, Cap 174, to prohibit the sale/distribution of intoicating liquor at school functions Ministry of Foreign Affairs 2013 Ministry of Legal Affairs 2013 Ministry of Legal Affairs 2013 Ministry of Legal Affairs Enact the Precursors Chemicals Bill 2013 Ministry of Legal Affairs Enact legislation to provide for 2014 Ministry of Legal alternative sentencing for young Affairs offenders who have not yet attained the age of eighteen years Mandatory enrolment of incarcerated persons in drug treatment programmes in prisons and at the community level post release Enact legislation to provide for comprehensive ban on all tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship in relation to the Framework Convention on Tobacco Enact legislation to provide for mandatory intervention for all drunk drivers or those driving while under the influence of drugs 2014 Ministry of Legal Affairs 2014 Ministry of Legal Affairs 2015 Ministry of Legal Affairs Develop a drug-free workplace policy 2013 Ministry of Legal Affairs Develop a drug-free sports policy 2013 Ministry of Legal Affairs Amendment to current legislation Amendment to current legislation Amendment to current legislation Enact legislation Enact legislation In-prison programme established with the Department of Corrections Amendment to current legislation New legislation enacted Policy adopted Policy adopted 38

40 Goals i. To reduce drug use and its consequences. DEMAND REDUCTION 2 ii. iii. To epand treatment and rehabilitative capacity. To educate students and teachers on the linkage between drug use and HIV/AIDS Objectives i. Develop national facilities and policies, which would provide a continuum of care for persons who encounter problems due to the consumption of drugs. ii. Empower persons to make healthy lifestyle choices. Demand Reduction: Training Action/Strategy Timeline Responsible Ministry/Institution Train one hundred Youth, and Community Workers, health and Education Officials in the design and implementation of drug prevention at regional and international institutions Drug Control Secretariat Ministry of Youth Empowerment Performance Indicator A cadre of trained personnel Train thirty Facilitators per year using the Participatory Education Methodology to conduct communitybased drug prevention programs Train one hundred Pre-school and Kindergarten teachers on methodology to teach drug prevention education to pre-school and kindergarten students Specialized training for Guidance and Counselling Officers, Teachers at Ministry of Social Services Ministry of Health Ministry of Youth Empowerment Ministry of Education Ministry of Education A cadre of trained personnel A cadre of trained teachers A cadre of trained teachers 2 Demand Reduction includes drug abuse prevention programs for all cross sections of the general population and high-risk groups, as well as treatment and rehabilitation of drug addicts, and programs/measures to reduce harm to health caused by drugs. 39

41 Primary and Secondary Schools, in the area of drug identification and rehabilitation Develop and implement a pre-release training program for young offenders at the prisons Ministry of National Security Implementation Pre-release programme of Demand Reduction: Research, Data Collection Action/Strategy Timeline Responsible Ministry/Institution Increase the number of Indicators used by the Grenada Drug Information Network (GRENDIN) to measure the nature and etent of the drug situation in Grenada Conduct annual meetings of the Grenada Drug Information Network (GRENDIN) Conduct one quantitative research study on the prevalence of drug use among females 18 to 35 years Conduct a study on the socio-economic impact of drug use Conduct two drug use prevalence surveys in Secondary Schools Conduct one research study on the linkage between drug use and criminal activities Drug Control Secretariat Drug Control Secretariat 2014 Drug Control Secretariat 2017 Drug Control Secretariat 2013, 2016 Drug Control Secretariat 2015 Drug Control Secretariat Performance Indicator Design of New Indicators GRENDIN Meetings Annual Data on the prevalence of drug use among females 18 to 35 years Data on the prevalence of drug use Data on prevalence of drug use in Secondary Schools Data on the linkage between drug use and criminal activities 40

42 Demand Reduction: Public Awareness, Education Action/Strategy Timeline Responsible Ministry/Institution Conduct drug prevention and awareness campaigns through the use of print and electronic media Epand coverage of the drug prevention program in primary and secondary schools by fifty percent Epand dissemination of the Newsletter which is produced by the Drug Control Secretariat to local, regional and international institutions, Officials etc, by one hundred percent Collaborate the Ministry of Youth Empowerment to implement joint drug prevention programs. Collaborate with the Government Information Service to produce and broadcast two television programs per month on drug-related matters on the Government Information Service Television Epand coverage of Operation Safe Summer, to all parishes Epand and strengthen drug prevention programs in the workplace Conduct 5 three- day training workshops for teachers and students on drug abuse and HIV/AIDS prevention Establishment of a Peer support group through peer support programme training Drug Control Secretariat 2012 to to 2017 Drug Control Secretariat Ministry of Education Drug Control Secretariat Drug Control Secretariat Ministry of Youth Empowerment Drug Control Secretariat Government Information Service Drug Control Secretariat Drug Control Secretariat Ministry of Labour Drug Control secretariat and he Student support services Drug Control Secretariat and the Student support Performance Indicator Increased drug prevention programmes Epansion of drug prevention programmes in primary schools Increased distribution of The Newsletter Implementation of joint drug prevention programmes Production and broadcast of television programmes Epansion of Operation safe Summer Epansion of drug prevention programmes in the workplace A cadre of trained teachers and students in implementation of HIV/AIDS prevention programmes A cadre of trained students to provide peer support to their 41

43 Designate teachers as focal point persons in all secondary schools to provide information on Drug Abuse and HIV/AIDS through continuous training services Drug Control Secretariat and Student Support Services colleagues. Designation of Teachers as Focal Point in schools. 42

44 Demand Reduction: Treatment and Rehabilitation Action/Strategy Timeline Responsible Ministry/Institution Employ one Occupational Therapist at the Carlton House Drug Treatment and Rehabilitation Centre Train Community Health Workers and health professionals at Health Clinics island-wide to provide basic care to persons who suffer with health problems related to the consumption of drugs Adopt the Minimum Standards of Care, formulated by CARICOM for treatment Develop treatment options covering a variety of psychosocial and pharmacological approaches to be available and correspond to demand for treatment Establish strategies and guidelines for increasing availability of services for drug users not reached by eisting services adolescent specific services Improve and increase access to treatment programme for adolescents Improve access to and coverage of social rehabilitation and reintegration programmes Develop alternatives to prison for drug addicts who commit drug related offences Performance Indicator 2014 Ministry of Health Employment of an Occupational Therapist Ministry of Health A cadre of trained Community Health Workers and health professionals 2012 Ministry of Health Adoption of guidelines/regulations on minimum standards for drug treatment 2012 to 2017 Ministry of Health Epansion of drug treatment options Ministry of Health Establishment of strategies to epand treatment services for drug users Ministry of Health Increased access to treatment programme for adolescents Ministry of Health Increased access to social rehabilitation and reintegration programmes 2015 Ministry of Health Implementation of Ministry of Legal Affairs alternative sentences 43

45 Develop prevention and treatment services for people in prisons Develop reintegration services/supportive housing on release Develop methods to monitor/analyse drug use among prisoners Ministry of Health Ministry of Legal Affairs Her Majesty s Prisons Ministry of Health Ministry of Legal Affairs Her Majesty s Prisons Ministry of Health Ministry of Legal Affairs Implementation of treatment and reintegration services for inmates Implementation of treatment and reintegration services for inmates Implementation of treatment and reintegration services for inmates Establish a formalized drunk driving counseling and rehabilitation programme Train laboratory technicians to determine drug-related mortality Her Majesty s Prisons 2015 Ministry of Health Eistence of programme number Royal Grenada of drivers Police Force counselled/treated; drunk driving statistics 2015 Ministry of Health Trained personnel 44

46 SUPPLY REDUCTION 3 Goal To disrupt and dismantle drug production and distribution networks. Objectives i. Develop appropriate mechanisms which would strengthen the capacity of law enforcement officers and other Officials to implement drug supply reduction initiatives. ii. iii. Develop and conduct specialized training for law enforcement and the judiciary to address illicit drug trafficking. Implement alternative and sustainable development programmes geared toward reduction of drug production and trafficking Supply Reduction: Training Action/Strategy Timeline Responsible Ministry/Institution Conduct research and training activities related to the prevention and control of illicit traffic of pharmaceutical products and other drugs via the internet, which will enable the country to identify its regulatory and operative needs Establish civil and administrative sanctions for the diversion of controlled chemical substances Develop a system to facilitate the secure and efficient handling of information on the control of the diversion of chemical substances Develop/seek training courses for law enforcement officers specifically related to combating drug trafficking, money laundering Ministry of National Security Ministry of Health 2013 Ministry of Health Ministry of Legal Affairs 2013 Ministry of Health Ministry of Legal Affairs Ministry of National Security Royal Grenada Police Force Performance Indicator Research and training programmes conducted Establishment of sanctions Establishment of system Training courses conducted 3 Supply Reduction refers to activities focused on reducing the availability of illicit drugs. This involves law enforcement, regulatory control and interdiction activities carried out by Police, and Customs. 45