Proceedings of the World Small Animal Veterinary Association Sydney, Australia 2007
|
|
- Carmella McGee
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Proceedings of the World Small Animal Sydney, Australia 2007 Hosted by: Next WSAVA Congress
2 DRY EYE IN VETERINARY OPHTHALMOLOGY Dr Cameron Whittaker BVSc, DVCS, Dip ACVO 64 Atchison St, Crows Nest, NSW Liverpool Rd, South Strathfield, NSW and Dr Robin G Stanley BVSc, FACVSc 181 Darling Rd, East Malvern, VIC What is the normal physiology and anatomy of the tear film? Tears are a trilaminar structure which when produced in adequate quantity and quality enable the cornea to stay clear. The tear film has three layers, an innermost mucin layer, a middle aqueous layer and an outer lipid layer. The mucin and lipid layer constitute about 30% of the tear film, while the aqueous component constitutes about 70 % of the tear film. The mucin layer is produced by conjunctival goblet cells. The aqueous component is primarily produced by the dorsolaterally placed lacrimal gland, with a smaller amount, about 30%, produced from the gland of the third eyelid. The lipid component is derived from Meibomian glands. This lipid component is called Meibum, a form of modified sebum. Each of the layers of the trilaminar tear film plays an essential role in normal corneal health. The mucin acts to smooth out the epithelial surface, as well as binding the aqueous component of the tear film to the hydrophobic epithelium. The aqueous component of the tear film maintains ocular health by amongst other things purging the cornea of debris, and also providing various antibacterial substances such as secretory IgA and lactoferrin. The outermost component of the tear film is the lipid layer or Meibum. This fatty layer provides a slick coating over the aqueous layer to minimize the amount of dehydration of the tears. What is dry eye? Dry eye or keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), is a condition in which there is not enough tears produced in the eye. Usually when referring to KCS we are in fact referring to a lack of the aqueous component of the tear film. This is termed a quantitative tear film deficiency. A deficiency of either of the other components of the tear film, i.e the mucin or lipid layer may also affect corneal health, and is termed a qualitative tear film deficiency. There are situations in which whilst there may be adequate tear production, and quality, the tear film itself is poorly distributed across the cornea. The end result is still the same as a quantitative dry eye i.e there are parts of the cornea with inadequate tear coverage and protection. The most common situation that this is seen in is with brachycephalic type dogs. In these dogs the horizontal axis of the cornea is inadequately covered by the eyelids. This results in pathology of the
3 cornea such as keratitis and pigmentation typically seen with KCS due to a lack of tear production itself. Other causes of poor tear film coverage may include facial nerve paralysis, tick paralysis and animals under ketamine anaesthesia. How does the cornea react to damage caused by KCS? The first stage of dry eye is dehydration and subsequent hypertonicity of the corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells. The anterior surface of the cornea rapidly becomes hypoxic. The lack of ocular lubrication causes frictional damage by the eyelids and the third eyelid as they slide over the corneal and conjunctival surfaces. Metabolites from the cornea and conjunctiva can build up and these may further cause injury to these tissues. The inflammatory process can cause squamous metaplasia of the conjunctival epithelium, which causes loss of the mucin producing goblet cells, and ends up causing further tear quality problems. The cornea reacts in a fairly predictable way for an epithelialised structure. Initially there is oedema, then with chronicity blood vessel ingrowth and subsequent pigmentation occur. These changes are typical of the damage seen with KCS. What causes KCS? The vast majority of KCS cases are caused by the body s own immune system i.e an autoimmune disease directed against the lacrimal gland. Work done in the early 1980s showed that there was a strong mononuclear cell infiltrate of lymphocytes and plasma cells into the lacrimal gland suggesting an autoimmune basis. There also seems to be a strong breed predilection for dry eye. Breeds predisposed include Bull terriers, Cocker Spaniels, English Bull dogs, Cavalier King Charles Spaniels. Lhasa Apsos, Shih Tzus and West Highland White Terriers amongst other breeds. Other causes of dry eye include: Blepharitis Canine Distemper Virus Congenital gland hypoplasia / aplasia Conjunctivitis chronic Drug induced, such as with sulpha drugs Tribrissen, Salizopyrines Topical Atropine Endocrine Hypothyroidism Diabetes Cushings disease Facial Nerve paralysis Immune mediated disease against the lacrimal glands most common cause Neurogenic
4 Orbital disease Third eyelid gland prolapse with surgical excision of a cherry eye or failure to treat a cherry eye Trigeminal Nerve paralysis What are the clinical signs of KCS? The clinical signs of KCS include squinting, copious amounts of thick discharge from one or both eyes (often both are affected), conjunctivitis, corneal oedema, keratitis, and pigmentation and blindness. In some cases having a dry nose can also be seen too. Diagnosis of dry eye? The Schirmer Tear Test (STT) remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of KCS. There are 2 types of STT. The STT 1 test is done without local anaesthetic, and therefore measures both the basal and reflex components of the tear film. In the STT II test topical anaesthetic is applied so the STT II will only measure the basal component of the tear film. The STT I and the STT II in the dog are quite different. For nearly all cases the STT I is performed in Veterinary Practice. In veterinary practice, Schirmer Tear Test strips can be used to measure tear production. STT strips that are printed with millimeters on them, and are impregnated with a blue dye so it stains the tears as they advance up to the STT strip. This greatly facilitates tear measurement. Evaluating the STT As a general rule of thumb, normal STT values should be mm/minute. It has been suggested that mm/min is suggestive of early KCS, while 6-10 mm/min is moderate KCS and less than 5 mm/minute is severe KCS. In my opinion these values have to be interpreted in light of other clinical signs. For example, animals that have 10 mm/min in the absence of clinical signs may not need treatment but at the very least should be monitored. Treatment of KCS Treatment for dry eye can be either medical or surgical. Fortunately most animals respond well to medical therapy. The basis for treatment involves stimulating any remaining lacrimal tissue, using tear substitutes until such time as the tear production returns to normal if in fact it does, and control of the secondary changes associated with KCS such as overgrowth of flora and the accumulation of mucopurulent discharge.
5 Cyclosporine is one of a number of drugs now used to combat the autoimmune component of KCS. It may work in two ways one is hormonal related and occurs in the first few days. The other is immune related and works by changing the ratio of T helper to T suppressor cells in the lacrimal glands. This effect may take 2-3 months to occur. Other similar drugs now being used include tacrolimus and pimecrolimus. Therefore treatment with cyclosporine should continue for at least 3 months before deciding on its efficacy or otherwise. At that time I tend to use tacrolimus in cases unresponsive to cyclosporine. There are 3 basic categories of artificial tears, polyvinyl alcohols which adhere well to the cornea, cellulose derivatives which are more viscous than other preparations, and linear polymers. These polymers are often combined with cellulose products. They are useful as they have mucinomimetic properties, and with the cellulose are useful to treat both quantative as well as qualitative dry eye conditions. Probably the important thing to remember with using these medications is that at best they will stay on the cornea for 1-2 hours, with some of the less viscous products only staying on for a few minutes. Therefore frequent application is required. Other medical treatments that have been used in the past include oral pilocarpine for its parasympathomimetic effects and topical corticosteroids in the absence of corneal ulceration. In my experience both of these therapies can be used as an adjunct to the abovementioned medications. In addition basic ocular hygiene should not be forgotten, such as keeping the hair short around the eyes, and bathing the eyes 2-3 times daily with a warm water compress to remove crusts that may accumulate. Surgical options may sometimes be pursued. For cases due to a failure of tear distribution, such as in brachycephalics, surgical intervention is needed to decrease corneal exposure. This may include some form of temporary or permanent tarsorrhaphy. In other cases of KCS refractory to medical therapy a parotid duct transposition can be considered. Parotid ducts transpositions may improve the clinical signs of pain in about 80% of cases (Robin Stanley pers. comm.), but in certain circumstances further surgery to decrease the amount of fluid produced may be necessary. References Veterinary Ophthalmology, 4 th Ed, Edited by Dr Kirk Gelatt.
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca in canines diagnostic methods and routine testing
Vet Times The website for the veterinary profession https://www.vettimes.co.uk Keratoconjunctivitis sicca in canines diagnostic methods and routine testing Author : JAMES OLIVER Categories : Vets Date
More informationKeratoconjunctivitis Sicca (KCS) Dry Eye in Dogs
Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca (KCS) Dry Eye in Dogs The eyes of dogs are beautiful orbs with intricate parts functioning together to enable each of us to see the incredible world surrounding us. Their eyes,
More informationProceedings of the Southern European Veterinary Conference and Congreso Nacional de AVEPA
www.ivis.org Proceedings of the Southern European Veterinary Conference and Congreso Nacional de AVEPA Oct. 18-21, 2012 - Barcelona, Spain Next Conference: Oct. 17-19, 2013 - Barcelona, Spain Reprinted
More informationDry Eye and Related Corneal Issues. Outline. Dry Eye Syndrome (DES)
Dry Eye and Related Corneal Issues Brad Graham DVM, MS, DACVO Definitions Evaluation for dry eye Dog Cat Treatment Medication Surgery Future Outline Dry Eye Syndrome (DES) Inadequate production or enhanced
More informationNon-ulcerative corneal disorders in the dog and cat
Natasha Mitchell MVB DVOphthal MRCVS Non-ulcerative corneal disorders in the dog and cat Abstract: Non-ulcerative corneal disorders include any conditions of the cornea which do not uptake fluorescein
More informationKerato-Conjunctivitis Sicca or Dry Eye
Kerato-Conjunctivitis Sicca or Dry Eye Keratoconjunctivitis sicca, usually abbreviated to KCS, is a condition of the eye, where insufficient tears are produced. The result is an eye that is dry, hence
More informationNonulcerative Keratitis (Type of Inflammation of the Cornea) Basics
Nonulcerative Keratitis (Type of Inflammation of the Cornea) Basics OVERVIEW Keratitis is inflammation of the cornea; the cornea is the clear outer layer of the front of the eye The corneal epithelium
More informationNonulcerative Keratitis (Type of Inflammation of the Cornea) Basics
Nonulcerative Keratitis (Type of Inflammation of the Cornea) Basics OVERVIEW Keratitis is inflammation of the cornea; the cornea is the clear outer layer of the front of the eye The corneal epithelium
More informationUlcerative Keratitis (Type of Inflammation of the Cornea) Basics
Ulcerative Keratitis (Type of Inflammation of the Cornea) Basics OVERVIEW Keratitis is inflammation of the cornea; the cornea is the clear outer layer of the front of the eye The corneal epithelium is
More informationAnatomy and physiology Lacrimal gland gland of the third eyelid accessorial lacrimal glands preocular tear film
THE LACRIMAL SYSTEM Anatomy and physiology Lacrimal gland gland of the third eyelid accessorial lacrimal glands preocular tear film Lacrimal punctas canaliculi lacrimal sac nasolacrimal duct brachicephalic
More informationProceedings of the World Small Animal Veterinary Association Sydney, Australia 2007
Proceedings of the World Small Animal Sydney, Australia 2007 Hosted by: Next WSAVA Congress MANAGEMENT OF CORNEAL ULCERS IN SMALL ANIMALS Robin G Stanley, BVSc(Hons), FACVSc-Ophthalmology Animal Eye Care
More informationINDOLENT ULCER IN BOXER. Dr n. wet. Przemysław K. Bryla Przychodnia weterynaryjna w Warszawie INTRODUCTION
Dr n. wet. Przemysław K. Bryla Przychodnia weterynaryjna w Warszawie brylapik@wp.pl SUMMARY A case of indolent ulcer in a Boxer is described. An indolent ulcer is a ulcer which fails to heal in the expected
More informationOphthalmic Immunomodulators Prior Authorization with Quantity Limit Program Summary
Ophthalmic Immunomodulators Prior Authorization with Quantity Limit Program Summary FDA APPROVED INDICATIONS DOSAGE 1,4 Agent Indication Dosage and Administration Restasis (cyclosporine ophthalmic emulsion)
More informationTable of Contents 1 Orbit 3 2 Eyelids 7
Table of Contents Preface, x List of abbreviations xi Glossary xii Section I Atlas 1 1 Orbit 3 Clinical signs associated with orbital neoplasia 3 Clinical signs associated with orbital cellulitis 3 Enophthalmos
More informationMeibomian Gland Dysfunction: What Does It Mean James P. McCulley, MD, FACS, FRCOph(UK)
Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: What Does It Mean James P. McCulley, MD, FACS, FRCOph(UK) David Bruton, Jr. Professor of Ophthalmology Chairman, Department of Ophthalmology The University of Texas Southwestern
More informationTitle: Keeping Step with DEWS2: Clinical Applications Lecturer: Scott G. Hauswirth, OD
Title: Keeping Step with DEWS2: Clinical Applications Lecturer: Scott G. Hauswirth, OD Course Description: The Dry Eye Workshop 2 was an assemblage of experts in dry eye disease from around the world,
More informationImmunohistochemical evaluation of lymphocyte populations in the nictitans glands of normal dogs and dogs with keratoconjunctivitis sicca
Open Veterinary Journal, (2018), Vol. 8(1): 47-52 ISSN: 2226-4485 (Print) ISSN: 2218-6050 (Online) Original Article DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ovj.v8i1.8 Submitted: 30/07/2017 Accepted: 24/01/2018
More informationCONJUNCTIVITIS IN SMALL ANIMALS: DIAGNOSING AND TREATING CASES
Vet Times The website for the veterinary profession https://www.vettimes.co.uk CONJUNCTIVITIS IN SMALL ANIMALS: DIAGNOSING AND TREATING CASES Author : James Oliver Categories : Vets Date : April 23, 2012
More informationTear film lacritin concentrations in dogs with keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Julia L. Disney
Tear film lacritin concentrations in dogs with keratoconjunctivitis sicca Julia L. Disney Thesis submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment
More informationDry eye syndrome. Lacrimal gland. Tear duct into nose. 1 of 6
Dry eye syndrome The aim of this information sheet is to answer any questions you may have about dry eye syndrome. If you have any further questions or concerns, please ask a doctor or nurse caring for
More informationAround The Globe in 60 Minutes
Around The Globe in 60 Minutes Around the GLOBE in Sixty Minutes Basic Ocular Anatomy, Examination, and Diagnostic Techniques Introduction Focusing on canine and feline ocular anatomy and basic examination
More informationConjunctivitis in Cats
Customer Name, Street Address, City, State, Zip code Phone number, Alt. phone number, Fax number, e-mail address, web site Conjunctivitis in Cats (Inflammation of the Moist Tissues of the Eye) Basics OVERVIEW
More informationEye conditions in Samoyeds
Eye conditions in Samoyeds Information for breeders and pet owners Melbourne EyeVet Mulgrave Essendon Bundoora Frankston Geelong Bendigo Wodonga Traralgon Darwin Extra eyelashes/distichiasis Distichia
More informationSpecialist Referral Service Willows Information Sheets. Recurrent corneal erosions (indolent ulcers)
Specialist Referral Service Willows Information Sheets Recurrent corneal erosions (indolent ulcers) A rabbit s cornea undergoing debridement under topical anaesthesia Recurrent corneal erosions (indolent
More informationConjunctivitis in Dogs
Customer Name, Street Address, City, State, Zip code Phone number, Alt. phone number, Fax number, e-mail address, web site Conjunctivitis in Dogs (Inflammation of the Moist Tissues of the Eye) Basics OVERVIEW
More informationDry Eye Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Pearls from the Trenches (2 hours) Mile Brujic, O.D Kensington Blvd. Bowling Green, OH 43402
Dry Eye Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Pearls from the Trenches (2 hours) Mile Brujic, O.D. 1409 Kensington Blvd. Bowling Green, OH 43402 Summary As our understanding of dry eye disease has evolved, so
More informationAffections of eyelids in animals
Affections of eyelids in animals Anatomy and physiology; Consists of movable folds of skin, loose connective tissue, muscular tissue, tarsus and conjunctiva. Dorsal and ventral folds form palpebral fissure.
More informationMANAGING MELTING EYE ULCERS
Vet Times The website for the veterinary profession https://www.vettimes.co.uk MANAGING MELTING EYE ULCERS Author : Anna Jennings Categories : Vets Date : January 18, 2010 Anna Jennings details effective
More informationCorneal Ulceration. Client Information Sheet Copyright Bilton Veterinary Centre All rights Reserved. What is the cornea?
What is the cornea? Corneal Ulceration The cornea is the central clear part of the eye that is surrounded by the white of the eye called the Sclera. Looking through the cornea, you can see the coloured
More informationCOMPARATIVE CLINICAL EVALUATION OF TACROLIMUS AND CYCLOSPORINE EYE DROPS FOR THE TREATMENT OF CANINE KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS SICCA
Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 64 (3), pp. 313 329 (2016) DOI: 10.1556/004.2016.030 COMPARATIVE CLINICAL EVALUATION OF TACROLIMUS AND CYCLOSPORINE EYE DROPS FOR THE TREATMENT OF CANINE KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS
More informationSelected Diseases of the Cornea Dick Dubielzig July 20 th, 2009
Selected Diseases of the Cornea Dick Dubielzig July 20 th, 2009 Canine Collagenolytic Keratitis Canine Collagenolytic Keratitis 270 cases (1.5%) Usually associated with suppurative keratitis Collagenolytic
More informationDry Eye Syndrome (DES)
Dry Eye Syndrome (DES) (1) What is Dry eye syndrome (DES)? (2) What causes dry eye syndrome? (3) What are the features of dry eye syndrome? (ii) Irritation and dry eyes This occurs because without adequate
More informationAlert signs of ocular diseases in pets
Alert signs of ocular diseases in pets Some ocular diseases can progress very quickly and lead to the loss of the vision and/or the loss of the eye. This document reviews the signs that should be an alert
More informationOCULAR SURFACE DISEASE SYNDROMES WAYNE ISAEFF, MD LOMA LINDA UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
OCULAR SURFACE DISEASE SYNDROMES WAYNE ISAEFF, MD LOMA LINDA UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF OPHTHALMOLOGY SURFACE DISEASE DRY EYE DYSFUNCTIONAL TEARS SYND ALLERGIC DISORDERS MEIBOMIAN GLAND PROBLEMS OCULAR IMMUNE
More informationSURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF BILATERAL PROLAPSE OF THE THIRD EYELID GLANDS IN A NORWICH TERRIER
2218 SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF BILATERAL PROLAPSE OF THE THIRD EYELID GLANDS IN A NORWICH TERRIER NNAJI, Theophilus,UDEGBUNAM, Sunday, OGBANYA, Kenneth and OFFOR, Gregory Department of Veterinary Surgery,
More informationEye Care for Animals Micki Armour VMD DACVO THE CORNEA
Eye Care for Animals Micki Armour VMD DACVO THE CORNEA ANATOMY 0.5-0.6mm thick 4 primary layers Epithelium (5-7 cell layers) Stroma (90% total thickness) Descemet s membrane Endothelium (1 layer) ANATOMY-
More informationTHE WEBINAR VET. K9 Ulcers: Drops, Cut or Refer. Guy Clare MA BVSc CertVOphthal E: 8/11/2016
THE WEBINAR VET K9 Ulcers: Drops, Cut or Refer Guy Clare MA BVSc CertVOphthal E: info@ncvs.net.au 8/11/2016 Corneal anatomy; Corneal Ulcer Diagnosis; Corneal Ulcer Aetiology; The Boston Terrier; Indolent
More informationDr. Najah طب بغداد. Lecture: 14
2015 2016 The lacrimal apparatus The lacrimal system consists of: Lecture: 14 Dr. Najah طب بغداد 1- Secretory portion: Comprises the following: a- The lacrimal gland: Which is divided into palpebral (Aqueoussecretion)
More informationThe Orbit. The Orbit OCULAR ANATOMY AND DISSECTION 9/25/2014. The eye is a 23 mm organ...how difficult can this be? Openings in the orbit
The eye is a 23 mm organ...how difficult can this be? OCULAR ANATOMY AND DISSECTION JEFFREY M. GAMBLE, OD COLUMBIA EYE CONSULTANTS OPTOMETRY & UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI DEPARTMENT OF OPHTHALMOLOGY CLINICAL
More informationOphthalmology Times Case Study Yasmin Mali, MD. Case Study
Ophthalmology Times Case Study Yasmin Mali, MD Case Study A 57 year old female with presented with ocular irritation and discomfort in both eyes for several months. Patient was previously started on a
More informationCORRELATION BETWEEN DURATION OF GAS ANESTHESIA WITH ISOFLURANE AND THE REDUCTION OF TEAR PRODUCTION IN GERIATRIC PATIENTS
Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine. Vol. LXIII (1) ISSN 2065-1295; ISSN 2343-9394 (CD-ROM); ISSN 2067-3663 (Online); ISSN-L 2065-1295 CORRELATION BETWEEN DURATION OF GAS ANESTHESIA WITH ISOFLURANE
More informationTear ferning in normal dogs and dogs with keratoconjunctivitis sicca
Open Veterinary Journal, (2017), Vol. 7(3): 268-272 ISSN: 2226-4485 (Print) ISSN: 2218-6050 (Online) Original Article DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ovj.v7i3.11 Submitted: 29/05/2017 Accepted: 25/08/2017
More informationSpecialist Referral Service Willows Information Sheets. Corneal sequestrum
Specialist Referral Service Willows Information Sheets Corneal sequestrum A large sequestrum in a Persian cat s left eye. There are blood vessels invading the cornea around it Corneal sequestrum What is
More informationOverview & pathophysiology of Dry Eye and the use of cyclosporine eye drops in dry eye...
Overview & pathophysiology of Dry Eye and the use of cyclosporine eye drops in dry eye... This Allergan sponsored session was held on July 24, 2005, Hotel Satya Ashoka, Jabalpur. The session was followed
More informationCANINE EXTRAOCULAR DISEASE. By Terri Baldwin, DVM, MS Diplomate ACVO
CANINE EXTRAOCULAR DISEASE By Terri Baldwin, DVM, MS Diplomate ACVO Eyelid Eyelid diseases can be congenital or inherited, secondary to trauma, inflammatory, or neoplastic. When eyelid diseases occur,
More informationUnderstanding the Role of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction in Dry Eyes
Understanding the Role of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction in Dry Eyes The International Dry Eye Workshop separated dry eyes into two main categories in 2007. Aqueous Deficient Dry Eyes as defined by an inability
More informationDry Eyes The mucin layer
Dry Eyes Your doctor thinks you may have dry eyes. The tear film is a complex mixture of water and chemicals that moisturize and protect the eye. The tear film also acts as a focusing surface for the eye.
More informationHypothyroidism (Low Levels of Thyroid Hormone) Basics
Glendale Animal Hospital 623-934-7243 www.familyvet.com Hypothyroidism (Low Levels of Thyroid Hormone) Basics OVERVIEW Clinical condition that results from inadequate production and release of thyroid
More informationDemodex canis mites living within the skin layers and producing an immunodeficiency syndrome. Fold dermatitis An inflammation of skin folds
ENGLISH BULLDOG HEALTH ISSUES AND INFORMATION Listed are some health concerns for your Bulldog, note that these diseases and conditions do not pertain only to the Bulldog. Entropion An abnormal rolling
More informationSpecialist Referral Service Willows Information Sheets. Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS)
Specialist Referral Service Willows Information Sheets Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS) Brachycephalic breeds include those breeds of dog and cat that have an obvious, characteristic short
More informationWhen Hairs Meet the Eye
Volume 9, Issue 1 October 2010 A Quarterly Publication for the Veterinary Community from When Hairs Meet the Eye Nicholas J. Millichamp, BVetMed, PhD, DVOphthal, DECVO, MRCVS, DACVO In this article we
More informationEYE CARE PROTOCOL FOR PATIENTS IN ITU
EYE CARE PROTOCOL FOR PATIENTS IN ITU Back to contents Developed by SUE LIGHTMAN PROFESSOR OF CLINICAL OPHTHALMOLOGY/CONSULTANT OPHTHALMOLOGIST MOORFIELDS EYE HOSPITAL Amended for UCLU ICU by Caroline
More informationIPL for the management of MGD/DED. Dr. Jeffrey Judelson, FRCSC
IPL for the management of MGD/DED Dr. Jeffrey Judelson, FRCSC IPL presentation Introduction to IPL Clinical evaluation of DED/MGD Overview of management multifaceted approach DED/MGD basics Prevalence
More informationCORNEAL CONDITIONS CORNEAL TRANSPLANTATION
GENERAL INFORMATION CORNEAL CONDITIONS CORNEAL TRANSPLANTATION WHAT ARE CORNEAL CONDITIONS? The cornea is the clear outer layer of the eye. Shaped like a dome, it helps to protect the eye from foreign
More informationOCULAR DISORDERS REPORT BOSTON TERRIER
OCULAR DISORDERS REPORT BOSTON TERRIER 1991-1999 2000-2009 2010-2012 TOTAL DOGS EXAMINED 2723 6803 2004 Diagnostic Name # % # % # % GLOBE 0.110 microphthalmia 1 0.0% 1 0.0% 0 EYELIDS 20.140 ectopic cilia
More informationPrevalence of dry eye disease in type 2 diabetic patients and its co-relation with the duration, glycemic control and retinopathy
Al Am een J Med Sci 2015; 8(3):225-229 US National Library of Medicine enlisted journal ISSN 0974-1143 SHORT COMM UN ICAT ION C O D E N : A A J MB G Prevalence of dry eye disease in type 2 diabetic patients
More informationDry Eye Prescribing Guidelines
Dry Eye Prescribing Guidelines Amendment History VERSION DATE AMENDMENT HISTORY V1.0 2011 Comments V1.1 2013 Updated V1.1 2017 Draft Updated Thealoz Duo replaces carmellose Optive in severe dry eye on
More informationOOGZIEKTEN VOOR DE HUISARTS F. GOES, JR.
OOGZIEKTEN VOOR DE HUISARTS F. GOES, JR. HET RODE OOG F. GOES, JR. Condition Signs Symptoms Causes Conjunctivitis Viral Normal vision, normal pupil size Mild to no pain, diffuse Adenovirus (most common),
More informationConjunctivitis in dogs
Conjunctivitis in dogs Overview Conjunctivitis means inflammation (swelling) of the conjunctiva and can be caused by many different conditions. The conjunctiva is a very thin layer of tissue that covers
More informationGlaucoma Basics OVERVIEW GENETICS SIGNALMENT/DESCRIPTION OF PET
Glaucoma Basics OVERVIEW Glaucoma is a disease of the eye, in which the pressure within the eye is increased (pressure within the eye is known as intraocular pressure or IOP) High intraocular pressure
More informationDry Eye. A Closer Look
Dry Eye. A Closer Look What is dry eye? Normally, the eye constantly bathes itself in tears. By producing tears at a slow and steady rate, the eye stays moist and comfortable. Sometimes people do not produce
More informationDifferential diagnosis of the red eye. Carol Slight Nurse Practitioner Ophthalmology
Differential diagnosis of the red eye Carol Slight Nurse Practitioner Ophthalmology The red eye Conjunctivitis HSV Keratitis Acute angle closure glaucoma Anterior Uveitis Red eye Scleritis Subconjunctival
More informationEye Examination Techniques in Horses
Eye Examination Techniques in Horses Dennis E. Brooks DVM, PhD Dip ACVO University of Florida brooksd@mail.vetmed.ufl.edu Basic Instruments How to tell the potential of vision? PLRs (retina, CN 2, chiasm,
More information02/03/2014. Average Length: 23mm (Infant ~16mm) Approximately the size of a quarter Volume: ~5mL
Identify the anatomy of the eye. Explain the basic physiology of the parts of the eye. Briefly discuss various surgeries related to different parts of the anatomy. Average Length: 23mm (Infant ~16mm) Approximately
More informationDr.Sushil Kumar Tripathi
Rabamipide:360 Benefits in Dry eye syndrome Dr.Sushil Kumar Tripathi Prevalence of Dry Eye Syndrome: vone in four patients attending ophthalmic clinics report symptoms of dry eye. vprevalence of dry eye
More informationDry Eye Assessment and Management Study ELIGIBILITY OCULAR EVALUATION FORM
Page 1 of 13 BEFORE COMPLETING THE OCULAR EXAMINATION, YOU MUST BE ABLE TO ANSWER YES TO THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS: Have you done MMP9? (SVonly) The Following are done at Baseline: Have you done Tear Osmolarity?
More informationImmunology and Pathophysiology of Dry Eye
Immunology and Pathophysiology of Dry Eye Associate Prof. Banu Bozkurt, MD, FEBO MSc in Immunology Selcuk University Medical Faculty, Konya, Turkey 47th PanHellenic Ophthalmology Congress 28-31 May 2014,
More informationLACRIMOMIMETIC EFFECT OF TOPICAL CYCLOSPORINE A IN CANINE KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS
Braz- J. vet. Res. an ini. Sci., São Paulo, v.30, p.233-4!, 1993. Suplemento. LACRIMOMIMETIC EFFECT OF TOPICAL CYCLOSPORINE A IN CANINE KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS EFEITO LACRIMOMIMÉTICO DA CICLOSPORINA A TÓPICA
More information1998 DESCRIPTION Evaluation of Subjective and Objective tests for diagnosing tear-film disorders known to cause ocular irritation.
DEWS DRY EYE: DIAGNOSTIC TEST TEMPLATE RAPPORTEUR A.J.Bron 18 th Oct 2004 TEST Mixed tests TO Ocular Irritation / Dry Eye REFERENCES DIAGNOSE VERSION of TEST Multiple tests DESCRIPTION Evaluation of Subjective
More informationDry eye syndrome in diabetic children
European Journal of Ophthalmology / Vol. 17 no. 6, 2007 / pp. 873-878 Dry eye syndrome in diabetic children A. AKINCI 1, E. CETINKAYA 2, Z. AYCAN 2 1 Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology 2 Department
More informationDr Rachael Neiderer. Ophthalmologist Auckland. 8:35-8:50 Managing Allergic Conjunctivitis & Why Sodium Chromoglycate is Out
Dr Rachael Neiderer Ophthalmologist Auckland 8:35-8:50 Managing Allergic Conjunctivitis & Why Sodium Chromoglycate is Out Allergic conjunctivitis Rachael Niederer Greenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland Case
More informationDry Eye Disease Update
Dry Eye Disease Update Feb 2013 Dr. Samuel Kim Director of Physician Training earscience, Inc. skim@tearscience.com Iconoclasts The Dr. Who Drank Infectious Broth, Gave Himself an Ulcer, and Solved a Medical
More informationa.superficial (adenoid layer).contain lymphoid tissue.
Conjunctiva Dr. saifalshamarti Anatomy Microscopic: 1.Epithelium (non keratinized,includes goblet cell). 2.Epithelial basement membrane. 3.Stroma : a.superficial (adenoid layer).contain lymphoid tissue.
More informationOphthalmology Wet Lab Notes - Kimberly Hsu, DVM, MSc, DACVO
Ophthalmology Wet Lab Notes - Kimberly Hsu, DVM, MSc, DACVO If you have questions, please do not hesitate to call Dr. Hsu at Eye Care for Animals, St. Charles at 630-444-0393 or email at stcharlesinfo@eyecareforanimals.com
More informationChildhood corneal neovascularization
Miltos Balidis PhD, FEBOphth, ICOphth Sotiria Palioura MD,PhD Childhood corneal neovascularization Opacities Cornea clarity is essential for optimal vision at any age. In childhood, loss of corneal transparency
More informationEyelids & Adnexa Diseases & Surgery
The Rule of Eyelid Surgery Eyelids & Adnexa Diseases & Surgery! K! I! S! S David A. Wilkie DVM, MS, Diplomate ACVO Professor Department Chair The Ohio State University Wilkie.1@osu.edu The Rule of Eyelid
More informationJMSCR Vol 05 Issue 06 Page June 2017
www.jmscr.igmpublication.org Impact Factor 5.84 Index Copernicus Value: 83.27 ISSN (e)-2347-176x ISSN (p) 2455-0450 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i6.141 Pterygium and Dry Eye- A Clinical Correlation
More informationBreaking the Cycle. Yijie (Brittany) Lin, MD, MBA, Reena Garg, MD New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai
Lin, Garg Ophthalmology Times 1 Breaking the Cycle Yijie (Brittany) Lin, MD, MBA, Reena Garg, MD New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai Abstract A 32 year-old female with a history of LASIK surgery
More informationLearning Objectives. Disclosures 2/2/ BMT Pharmacists Conference Bandage Contact Lens Therapy for Severe Ocular GVHD
2015 BMT Pharmacists Conference Bandage Contact Lens Therapy for Severe Ocular GVHD Tueng T. Shen, M.D., Ph.D. Professor of Ophthalmology Adjunct, Bioengineering and Global Health Feb. 13 th, 2015 Learning
More informationBlepharitis. (Inflammation of the Eyelids) Basics OVERVIEW SIGNALMENT/DESCRIPTION OF PET SIGNS/OBSERVED CHANGES IN THE PET
Glendale Animal Hospital 623-934-7243 www.familyvet.com Blepharitis (Inflammation of the Eyelids) Basics OVERVIEW Inflammation of the outer (skin) and middle portion (muscle, connective tissue, and glands)
More informationLearn Connect Succeed. JCAHPO Regional Meetings 2017
Learn Connect Succeed JCAHPO Regional Meetings 2017 Unveiling Dry Eye Evaluation LOOKING AT DRY EYE DIFFERENTLY: GAINING KNOWLEDGE AND SKILL BY MARTHA TELLO, COMT,OSC, BGS JCAHPO MIAMI, FLORIDA CONTINUING
More informationOptimizing the Ocular Surface. Presentation Title. Charlene M. Grice, Carolina Eyecare Physicians, LLC
Optimizing the Ocular Surface Presentation Title Presenter Charlene M. Grice, Name MD Carolina Eyecare Physicians, LLC Financial Disclosures I have no financial disclosures. I will discuss off label use
More informationOcular Surface Disease. Advanced Treatment in Ocular Surface Disease. Disclosures. Revenue Potential. Chronic Dry Eye Should I Treat It
Advanced Treatment in Ocular Surface Disease Douglas K. Devries, O.D. Eye Care Associates of Nevada Douglas K. Devries Consultant or Speakers Bureau for Allergan AMO TearLab NicOx BVI B&L Disclosures Chronic
More informationA Non-Randomised, Patient Completed Questionnaire Report.
Vismed Gel (Non-Preserved Sodium Hyaluronate eye drops) for the Treatment of Symptoms of Ocular Dryness and Discomfort in Patients with Sjögren's Syndrome. A Non-Randomised, Patient Completed Questionnaire
More informationOcular Allergy. Phil Lieberman, MD
Ocular Allergy Phil Lieberman, MD Disclosure Consultant/Advisory Board: Genentech, Meda, Mylan, Teva Speaker: Genentech, Meda, Merck, Mylan, Teva Learning Objectives Upon completion of this session, participants
More informationPRODUCTION ANIMAL AND EQUINE OPHTHALMOLOGY
REF. NO. TITLE: C-VO.2 PRODUCTION ANIMAL AND EQUINE OPHTHALMOLOGY VALUE: 10 CREDITS NOTIONAL STUDY HOURS: 100 This module is intended to cover the theoretical knowledge of both Production Animal and Equine
More informationProceedings of the 36th World Small Animal Veterinary Congress WSAVA
www.ivis.org Proceedings of the 36th World Small Animal Veterinary Congress WSAVA Oct. 14-17, 2011 Jeju, Korea Next Congress: Reprinted in IVIS with the permission of WSAVA http://www.ivis.org 14(Fri)
More informationOcular Anatomy for the Paraoptometric
Ocular Anatomy for the Paraoptometric Minnesota Optometric Association Paraoptometric CE Friday September 30, 2016 Lindsay A. Sicks, OD, FAAO Assistant Professor, Illinois College of Optometry lsicks@ico.edu
More informationStrategies for Anterior Segment Disease Management Mile Brujic, OD, FAAO 1409 Kensington Blvd Bowling Green, OH
Strategies for Anterior Segment Disease Management Mile Brujic, OD, FAAO 1409 Kensington Blvd Bowling Green, OH 43402 brujic@prodigy.net 419-261-9161 Summary As optometry s scope of practice continues
More informationQuestion 1: Discuss your further examination of this patient with respect to her current symptoms
CASE 10 Patient history 70 year old Asian female Presents to you with persistent irritation, burning, and foreign body sensation in both eyes of several months duration, gradually worsening in severity.
More informationSupplementary Online Content
Supplementary Online Content Uchino Y, Uchino M, Yokoi N, et al. Alteration of tear mucin 5AC in office workers using visual display terminals: the Osaka Study. JAMA Ophthalmol. Published online June 5,
More informationWorld Journal of Pharmaceutical Research SJIF Impact Factor 5.045
SJIF Impact Factor.4 Volume 4, Issue 4, 66-669. Research Article ISSN 2277 7 Article Received on 22 Jan 2, STUDY OF EFFICACY OF ERANDTAIL (CASTOR OIL) ASHCHOTANA (EYE DROPS) IN DRY EYE SYNDROME. *Dr.Chandana
More informationOriginally trained to find live game, their temperament makes them an ideal family dog
Originally trained to find live game, their temperament makes them an ideal family dog Labrador Retriever Lifetime costs: 20,648 Annual costs: 2,332.85 Purchase price: 681 Feeding costs: 537.37 Insurance:
More informationMINIMS AMETHOCAINE EYE DROPS
MINIMS AMETHOCAINE EYE DROPS NAME OF THE MEDICINE Amethocaine hydrochloride Synonyms: Tetracaine hydrochloride Structural formula: Chemical name: 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl 4-(butylamino)benzoate hydrochloride
More informationDifferential Staining of Ocular Goblet Cells
Eye (1989) 3, 840--844 Differential Staining of Ocular Goblet Cells G. G. W. ADAMS and P. N. DILLY London Summary Millipore filters were used to obtain sheets of cells from the ocular surface. Using Periodic
More informationn Corneal epithelium is derived from surface ectoderm n Composed of stratified squamous epith. n 5% of total corneal thickness (50-90micro m thick)
Cornea overview Dr. Sarita Tuladhar MD, Ophthalmology Gandaki Medical College Embryology CORNEA: n Corneal epithelium is derived from surface ectoderm n Corneal stroma, descement memb, bowman s layer,
More informationNo Conflict of Interest to Report Charles Stockwell, O.D
OH MY!!! DRY EYE!!! No Conflict of Interest to Report Charles Stockwell, O.D Charles.stockwell@ttuhsc.edu The Problem 1 Filamentary Keratitis Keratoconjunctivitis sicca, or dry eye syndrome, is the most
More informationAnatomy: There are 6 muscles that move your eye.
Thyroid Eye Disease Your doctor thinks you have thyroid orbitopathy. This is an autoimmune condition where your body's immune system is producing factors that stimulate enlargement of the muscles that
More informationDNB Question Paper. December
DNB Question Paper December PAPER - I 1. Discuss clinical features, pathogenesis and management of normal tension glaucoma. (3+3+4) 2. Describe clinical manifestations, pathology, differential diagnosis
More informationCase 2:15-cv WCB Document 523 Filed 10/16/17 Page 1 of 135 PageID #: 26028
Case 2:15-cv-01455-WCB Document 523 Filed 10/16/17 Page 1 of 135 PageID #: 26028 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF TEXAS MARSHALL DIVISION ALLERGAN, INC., and THE SAINT REGIS
More information