STANDARDIZATION HALAL FOOD ISSUES AND CHALLENGES FOR OIC COUNTRIES

Transcription

1 STANDARDIZATION HALAL FOOD ISSUES AND CHALLENGES FOR OIC COUNTRIES DR. Muhammad Yanis Musdja, M.SC Chairman of Indonesian Halal Products Foundation Dean (Former) Faculty of Pharmacy, Muhammadiyah, Indonesia OBJECTIVE Take the standardization of FAO & WHO book (Codex Alimentarius) and WHO book (International Pharmacopoeia) with make classification of materials that halal, mubaah, makruh & haram and add (Addendum) halal standardization (one halal logo and one halal standard ) for OIC countries & non OIC countries Halalan-thayyiban is for muslim and non muslim (mankind) QURAN ALBAQORAH 168. O mankind, eat of that which is lawful and good (HALALANTHAYYIBAN) on the earth 1

2 Islamic Teachings for Food Management HALALANTHAYYIBAN (Halal Food Safety) Standardizzation (Kullu Wasrobu walatusriphu) HOMEOSTATIS (Balancing Chemical) Healthy concept in Islam Shumu tashihu FASTING (For Healthy) 3 PHILOSOPHY OF HALALANTHAYYIBAN STANDARDIZATION Quran, Surah Al A raaf Verse 31: O Children of Adam, take your adornment at every place of worship, and eat, and drink, but do not overdoses. Certainly, He (Allah) loves not the extravagant. Eat, and drink, but do not overdoses = Standardization 2

3 PHILOSOPHY cont... Quran surah Al Baqarah verse 172 O you who believe, eat of the thayyib (good) things that We have provided you with, and be grateful to Allah if it is (indeed) Him you worship. Allah asks the believers, to eat good food (thayyib) PHILOSOPHY cont... Quran Surah Al Mutaffifin (Those Who Deal in Adulteration & Fraud) 1. Woe to those who give less in weight. 2. Those who, when they take by measure from people, take in full. 3. And when they give by measure or weigh for them, they cause loss. 4. Do such (people) not think that they will be raised again. To destroy the group mutaffifin, there should be standardization for halalanthayyiban 3

4 Halal Food Safety CONTRA Mutaffifin group That the determined the era of free trade in the world since Most countries (153 Countries) in the world are members of the World Trade Organization, has led to food circulating in the world should be checked carefully about halal food safety (HALALAN- THAYYIBAN). Moreover, to the advancement of technology, many of these illicit substances that used as raw materials and food additives in a variety of processed products. Finally that of halal and that haram becomes unclear, jumbled and many doubtful (vague, unclear its legal). OIC Global Export-Import Issues For Halalan-thayyiban Food Few countries made information available Export-Imported food HALALANTHAYYIBAN requirements were not known Export-Import requirements were different Inadequate communications amongst countries Exporting Countries lack control measures Confusing Certificates for HALAL food That concept of Halalanthayyiban is just sources from the Quran and hadith. It should be only one kind halal standard and one logo halal in the whole world 4

5 Codex Alimentarius of FAO & WHO (Standart for Food that using by all countries in the wold) * The Codex Alimentarius, or the food code, has become the global reference point for consumers, food producers and processors, national food control agencies and the international food trade. The code has had an enormous impact on the thinking of food producers and processors as well as on the awareness of the end users the consumers. Its influence extends to every continent, and its contribution to the protection of public health and fair practices in the food trade is immeasurable Codex standards have become the benchmarks against which national food. * Codex standards have become the benchmarks against which national food measures and regulations are evaluated within the legal parameters of the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreements. The Codex Alimentarius Commission established by FAO and WHO in 1963 develops harmonised international food standards, guidelines and codes of practice to protect the health of the consumers and ensure fair practices in the food trade. The Commission also promotes coordination of all food standards work undertaken by international governmental and non-governmental organizations 5

6 Codex Objectives To protect the health of consumers To ensure fair practices in the food trade To coordinate all food standards work Milestones in the evolution of food standards, EARLY 1800s Canning is invented MID-1800s Bananas are first shipped to Europe from the tropics EARLY 1900s Food trade associations attempt to facilitate world trade through the use of harmonized standards 1945 FAO is founded, with responsibilities covering nutrition and associated international food standards 1950 Joint FAO/WHO expert meetings begin on nutrition, food additives and related areas 6

7 Achievements of Codex 237 Food Standards 43 Codes of Practice 33 Guidelines 197 Pesticides evaluated 3274 Limits for pesticides residues 25 Guideline limits for contaminants 54 Veterinary drugs evaluated 289 Limits of veterinary drug residues 1300 Food additives evaluated At this time in the codex, already just exists about GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR USE OF THE TERM HALAL which contains : 1 SCOPE 2 DEFINITION 3 CRITERIA FOR USE OF THE TERM HALAL 4 ADDITIONAL LABELLING REQUIREMENTS 4.1 When a claim is made that a food is halal, the word halal or equivalent terms should appear on the label. 4.2 In accordance with the Codex General Guidelines on Claims, claims on halal should not be used in ways which could give rise to doubt about the safety of similar food or claims that halal foods are nutritionally superior to, or healthier than, other foods. 7

8 Advantages of using standard FAO and WHO by adding halal standards for Halalanthayyiban -OIC countries can integrated halal with thayyiban become Halalanthayyiban - Easy for certification or registration of HALAL FOODS -International acceptance of standards used globally -Economic benefits -Social benefits -Trade liberalization -Food quality, food safety and Halal food Al Quran Surah Al Baqrah Verse 168. O mankind, eat of that which is lawful and good on the earth, and follow not the footsteps of the devil. Indeed, he is an open enemy to you. NOT SO DIFFICULT TO MAKE CLASSIFICATION OF HARAM, MUBAH, MAKRUH AND HALAL FOR CODEX ALIMANTARIUS BOOK (FAO & WHO) Halal Food Halal (lawful) ALL FOOD are considered halal in Islam EXCEPT the list under haram Haram (unlawful) Pork and its byproducts Animals improperly slaughtered Animals killed in the name of anyone other than Allah. Alcohol and intoxicants and its byproducts Carnivorous animals and birds of prey Blood and blood byproducts 8

9 EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL WAS WRITTEN ON WIKIPIDIA, IS IT TRUE????? Quran Surah Al Baqaroh Verse 219 (Harmful & benefit of alcohol) 219. They ask you (O Muhammad) about wine and gambling. Say: In them is great sin, and (some) benefit for people. And the sin of them is greater than their benefit. And they ask you what they should spend. Say: That which is beyond your needs. Thus Allah makes clear to you (His) verses that you might give thought. Wa mana piu linnas = (alcohol) give some benefit for people 9

10 Codex Commission Developed Codex in 1962 Subsidiary of Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), United Nations (UN)and World Health Organization (WHO) Joint venture between FAO and WHO to formulate internationally accepted food safety standards for protection of human health and to ensure fair trade practices 19 Codex Alemantorius Commission Coordination of all food standards Initiation and supervision of draft standards Finalization of food standards Publication of standards worldwide Amend standards in face of new technology 20 10

11 General Subject Committees of Codex General Principles (France) Food Additives & Contaminants (Netherlands) Food Labelling (Canada) Food Hygiene (USA) Pesticide Residues (Netherlands) Methods of Analysis & Sampling (Hungary) Food Import and Export Inspection and Certification Systems (Australia) Residues of Veterinary Drugs in Foods (USA) Nutrition & Foods for Special Dietary Uses (Germany) Codex Commodity Committees Processed Fruits and Vegetables (USA) Fresh Fruits and Vegetables (Mexico) Milk and Milk Products (New Zealand) Fats and Oils (UK) Fish and Fishery Products (Norway) Natural Mineral Waters (Switzerland) Cocoa Products and Chocolate (Switzerland) Sugars (UK) 11

12 STANDARD SOURCES OF DRUG INFORMATION (PHARMACOPOEIAS & FORMULARIES, CODEX, EXTRA PHARMACOPOEIAS, DRUG MANUAL, DRUG DIRECTORIES ETC.) PHARMACOPOEIAS Standard reference book for drugs Official book; Information about useful drugs; molecule formula, Structural formula, method of preparation, actions, uses and adverse effects Publish and revised after every 5 years by legal authority of Goverment. New manufactured & sold drug must take confirmation from pharmacopeias There is national & International pharmacopeia 12

13 International Pharmacopoeia A collection of monographs and requirements for: Drug standarts Excipients Finished dosage forms General methods and requirements: dosage forms, e.g. tablets, liquid preparation for oral use dissolution testing Supplementary information, e.g. General Guidelines for Chemical Reference Substances Infrared reference spectra PHAMACOPOEIA and its derivatives PHAMACOPOEIA OFFICIAL DRUGS PHAMACOPOEIA CODEX OFFICIAL+UNOFFICIAL DRUGS EXTRAPHARACOPOEIA DETAILED INFORMATION OF OFFICIAL + UN-OFFICIAL DRUGS FORMULARY REGISTERED DRUGS FOR MARKETING 13

14 VARIOUS OF PHARMACOPOEIAS 1) BRITISH PHARMACOPOEIA (B.P) UK, PAK, other countries Published by GMC Dose range i.e. dose of morphine mg 2) UNITED STATES PHARMACOPOEIA (U.S.P.) 3) EUROPIAN PHARMACOPOEIA (E.P.) 4) INTERNATIONAL PHARMACOPOEIA (P.I.) 5) BRITISH PHARMACEUTICAL CODEX (BPC) Council of pharmaceutical society of UK publishes official and non-official drugs 6) EXTRA-PHARMACOPOEIA (EP) Council of Pharmaceutical Society Details (trade names, actions, uses and adverse effects) of official and non official drugs 7). And almost every country has pharmacopoei in the world, such as INDONESIA PHARMACOPOEI, etc. 14

15 STANDARD SOURCES OF DRUG INFORMATION THAT VERY OFTEN IS USED BY PHARMACIST AND MEDICAL DOCTOR IN THE WORLD National Pharmacopeias A- United States Pharmacopoiea (USP): - It is the official pharmacopoeia of the United States and many other nations. - It is a compendium of quality control tests for drugs and excipients to be introduced into a medicinal formulation, and includes methods for, identification, assay, and purity determination of a drug substance or excipient. 15

16 National Pharmacopeias (Cont.): B- National Formulary: - It is a manual containing a list of medicines that are approved for prescription throughout the country. It includes key information on the composition, description, selection, prescribing, dispensing and administration of medicines. National Pharmacopeias (Cont.): C- United States Pharmacopoeia-National Formulary (USP-NF): -It is a book of public pharmacopeial standards. It contains standards for medicines, dosage forms, drug substances, excipients, medical devices, and dietary supplements. -It is a single volume combination of two official compendia, the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) and the National Formulary (NF). 16

17 National Pharmacopeias (Cont.): D- British Pharmacopoeia (BP): -It is a collection of quality standards for UK medicinal substances. - It consists of two parts, both in alphabetical order. - Part I, listed monographs for the therapeutic agents, giving details of material sources, characteristics, relevant preparations containing the substance in question and chemical tests. - Part II, listed preparations and compounds considered to be of therapeutic importance. Collected appendices contained details of information required in the practice of pharmacy, including symbols, weights and measures and substances and equipment used in medicines preparations and analysis. National Pharmacopeias (Cont.): E- British Pharmaceutical Codex (BPC): -It was first published in 1907, to supplement the British Pharmacopoeia which although extensive, did not cover all the medicinal items that a pharmacist might require in their daily work. - It contains monographs on medicinal substances of chemical, vegetable and animal origin. Details of these substances, including sources, histology and chemical composition, details for tests, information on mechanisms of action and uses, formulae for preparations are included. Surgical dressings are included in a separate section. -The text was arranged with substances in alphabetical order. 17

18 F- Merck Index: -The Merck Index is an encyclopedia of chemicals, drugs and biologicals with over 10,000 monographs on single substances or groups of related compounds. It also includes an appendix with monographs on organic name reactions. -It is published by the United States pharmaceutical company Merck & Co. G- Martindale: The complete drug reference: - It contains information on drugs in clinical use worldwide, disease treatment reviews, as well as selected investigational and veterinary drugs, herbal and complementary medicines, pharmaceutical excipients, vitamins and nutritional agents, vaccines, radiopharmaceuticals, contrast media and diagnostic agents, medicinal gases, drugs of abuse and toxic substances, disinfectants, and pesticides. - It provides a useful source of information for patients arriving from abroad to identify their existing medication. 18

19 CONCLUSION 1. Halalanthayyiban food (Halal Food Safety) is the best food for all mankind, but to obtain the necessary the standardization that eligible. 2. At this time, standardization the best in the world for foods, drugs and cosmetics are made by FAO and WHO. besides that there are also sources quite well, such as, the US Pharmacopoeia, Merck Index, Martindale, etc 3. The provisions halalanthayyiban in Islam when in Integrate with the standardization of drugs, foods and cosmetics made by FAO and WHO will provide the best products halalanthayyiban for mankind. 4. OIC countries have to be made as soon as possible to create a kind of attachment or addition to the the standardization books were made by FAO and WHO which contains about clarification, halal, mubaah, makruh and haram and additional standardization based on the provisions of Islam, etc. 5. Therefore, this work is hard work, then countries OIC (SMIIC) should form a permanent committee for this work. Or by handing out a special section to the OIC certain countries, as was done by FAO and WHO. STANDARDIZATION HALAL FOOD ISSUES AND CHALLENGES FOR OIC MEMBER STATES Dr. Muhammad Yanis Musdja, M.Sc Chairman of Indonesian Halal Products Foundation ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Halalan thayyiban is a concept for halal food safety in Islam. Halalan thayyiban composed of 2 pieces of words that come from Arabic, namely; Halal and Thayyib. Halal has meaning "lawful" or "permissible" and Thayyib has meaning Wholesome (safety, cleanliness, nutritious, quality, authentic). The term of halalan thayyiban not only covers food, drink, drug and cosmetic but also to all matters of daily life. Therefore, the teaching of Islam is a mercy for all people. As it is said in two of the verses in the Quran, namely the surah Al Baqarah verse 168, O All people, eat the food halalan thayyiban on the earth Then on Surah Al Araf verse 31, Eat and drink, but be not excessive. Indeed, He (Allah) likes not those who commit excess. As it is known, that the concept of halalan thayyiban and Standardization are very good for Muslim and non-muslim. OBJECTIVE: To obtain an agreement in order to making one halal logo and uniform standard for food halalan thayyiban around the world. ANALYSIS OF ISSUES AND CHALLENGE, When the observation is based on the analysis of SWOT (Strength, Weaknes, Opportunity and Threaten). Strength The source for standardization only from Quran and hadith, therefore it is very easy to make one halal logo and a standard provision for the whole world Weaknes At this time, There are too many halal symbols and data standardization that created by various organizations around the world, it has confused a lot of people in the world Opportunity At this time, there have been standardization thayyiban for food, drug and cosmetic that have been made by FAO and WHO for the whole world. It would be very easy for Muslim intellectuals to evaluate and review the materials of FAO and WHO in order to establish halalan thayyiban products. For this, there must be an agency or a standing committee under the umbrella of the OIC or by means of strengthening SMIIC, namely by obliging all members of the OIC to become a member of SMIIC Threaten There are several various religious sects in Islam will lead to various interpretations and disagreements in the making of standardization around the world, but for this is expected the role of Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) to unify the opinions, so could be made the book standardization for food, drug and cosmetic, as well as could be agreed one halal logo for international. CONCLUSION: Required there are legislation in accordance with the law Syar'i (Islamic religious law) and fits with sciences, muslim and non muslim needs. Required to prepare an organization or agency that consists of Ulema, food expert, pharmacist, cosmetics specialists and other experts to make one halal logo International and a standardization halalan thayyiban for food, drug and cosmetic that work under the umbrella of Organisation of Islamic Cooperation or Standards and Metrology Institute for Islamic Countries. (OIC/SMIIC) Key Words: Standardization & Metrology Halalanthayyiban, One halal logo, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) 19