Fact Sheet #2 Sexual Health Knowledge

Transcription

1 Strengthening and Building Sexual Health of Aboriginal Youth and Young Adults PHASE II: Differences Fact Sheet #2 Sexual Health Knowledge Researchers: Mary Hampton (U of R), Bonnie Jeffery (U of R), Barb McWatters (Planned Parenthood Regina,) Sherry Farrell Racette (First Nations Univ. of Canada) Research Assistants: Kim McKay-McNabb (U of R), Pat McNabb (First Nations Univ. of Canada), Krista Fogel (U of R), Lyndsay Foster (U of R), Danielle O Byrne (U of R), Michelle Pratt (U of R) Community Agencies (from Regina, Saskatchewan): Elder Norma Jean Byrd, Aboriginal Family Services, AIDS Programs South Saskatchewan, All Nations Hope, Cornwall Alternative School, Indian Metis Christian Fellowship (I.M.C.F.), Mobile Crisis Unit/Safety Services, Peyakowak, Rainbow Youth Centre, Regina Friendship Centre, Street Culture Kidz, and Street Workers Advocacy Project (S.W.A.P.) SEXUALITY describes many things about people: whether we're female or male, how we look, how we feel about ourselves, who we're attracted to, our sexual feelings and choices, our relationships with others, our body image, self-esteem, our sexual behaviours and consequences. SEXUAL HEALTH is a state of physical, emotional, mental and social well-being related to sexuality; it is not merely the absence of disease, dysfunction or infirmity. Sexual health requires a positive and respectful approach to sexuality and sexual relationships, as well as the possibility of having pleasurable and safe sexual experiences, free of coercion, discrimination and violence. For sexual health to be attained and maintained, the sexual rights of all persons must be respected, protected and fulfilled (WHO, 2002). *Note: N varies from question to question because it represents the number of youth who actually responded to each question. Otherwise, the totals = 201 Youth; 241 High School Aboriginal Youth; 1875 High School Non-Aboriginal Youth. Refer to FACT SHEET #1 for background information. Page 1

2 Right now, how much do you feel you know about the following topics? OVERVIEW: How Much Do You Know About... A. Healthy Dating Relationships B. Unplanned Pregnancy Youth Youth Youth s s s s s s C. Chlamydia D. Genital Herpes/Warts E. Gonorrhea F. Preventing Pregnancy G. Preventing STDs H. Hepatitis C 3.1 I. Hepatitis B 3.1 J. Pap Smear/Pap Test = Nothing; 2 = A little; 3 = In between; 4 = A lot; 5 = Nearly everything *Note: shaded areas show significant gender differences DETAILS: How Much Do You Know About... A. Healthy Relationships s report knowing more about Healthy Relationships than males (p<.05) s report knowing slightly more than "a lot," while males report knowing slightly less. (n = 1132) (n = 1141) s = 4 (avg) s = 3.81 (avg) H. S. Non-Aboriginal H. S. Aboriginal *Note: 1 = Nothing; 2 = A little; Page 2

3 3 = In between; 4 = A lot; 5 = Nearly everything How Much Do You Know About... B. Unplanned Pregnancy s report knowing more about Unplanned Pregnancy than males (p<.01) (n = 1130) (n = 1139) s report knowing slightly more than "a lot," while males report knowing slightly less. s = 4.25 (avg) s = 3.91 (avg) *Note: 1 = Nothing; 2 = A little; 3 = In between; 4 = A lot; 5 = Nearly everything How Much Do You Know About... C. Chlamydia Both females and males report knowing just less than in between about Chlamydia s = 2.90 (avg) s = 2.77 (avg) (n = 1122) (n = 1118) *Note: 1 = Nothing; 2 = A little; 3 = In between; 4 = A lot; 5 = Nearly everything Page 3

4 How Much Do You Know About... D. Genital Herpes/Warts s and males both report knowing just more than in between about Genital Herpes/Warts. (n = 1130) (n = 1138) s = 3.25 (avg) s = 3.21 (avg) *Note: 1 = Nothing; 2 = A little; 3 = In between; 4 = A lot; 5 = Nearly everything How Much Do You Know About... E. Gonorrhea s and males both report knowing in between about Gonorrhea s = 2.98 (avg) s = 3 (avg) (n = 1118) (n = 1125) *Note: 1 = Nothing; 2 = A little; 3 = In between; 4 = A lot; 5 = Nearly everything Page 4

5 How Much Do You Know About... F. Preventing Pregnancy s report knowing more about preventing pregnancy than males (p<.01). s report knowing in between a lot and nearly everything, while males report knowing just over a lot. (n = 1131) (n = 1139) s = 4.47 (avg) s = 4.17 (avg) *Note: 1 = Nothing; 2 = A little; 3 = In between; 4 = A lot; 5 = Nearly everything How Much Do You Know About... G. Preventing STDs (n = 1132) (n = 1140) s report knowing more about Preventing STDs than males (p<.05). The difference in how much females and males report knowing is greatest amongst Youth, where males report knowing less (p<.05). s = 4.28 (avg) s = 4.18 (avg) *Note: 1 = Nothing; 2 = A little; 3 = In between; 4 = A lot; 5 = Nearly everything To Summarize Knowledge of STDs, Pregnancy and Healthy Relationships Page 5

6 s tend to report being most informed on about Healthy Relationships, Unplanned Pregnancy, Preventing Pregnancy and Preventing STDs, but report being just as informed as males about GONORRHEA, GENITAL HERPES/WARTS and CHLAMYDIA. The next 3 facts about knowledge do not offer a comparison because these questions were not asked in the survey of the High School Youth. How Much Do You Know About... H. Hepatitis C s report knowing more than males about Hepatitis C (p<.05). s report that they know just under a lot, while males report knowing in between. (n = 80) 3.1 (n = 104) s = 4 (avg) s = 3.13 (avg) *Note: 1 = Nothing; 2 = A little; 3 = In between; 4 = A lot; 5 = Nearly everything How Much Do You Know About... I. Hepatitis B s report knowing more than males about Hepatitis B (p<.05). 3.1 s report that they know just under a lot, while males report knowing in between. (n = 78) (n = 105) s = 3.47 (avg) s = 8 (avg) *Note: 1 = Nothing; 2 = A little; 3 = In between; 4 = A lot; 5 = Nearly everything Page 6

7 How Much Do You Know About... J. Pap Smears/ Pap Tests s report knowing more about Pap Smears / Pap Tests than males (p<.01). 3.4 (n= 68) 2.4 (n = 78) s report knowing just over in between, while males report knowing just over a little. s = 3.37 (avg) s = 2.37 (avg) *Note: 1 = Nothing; 2 = A little; 3 = In between; 4 = A lot; 5 = Nearly everything How well do you think each method works for preventing PREGNANCY? A. Pill *s rate it higher than males B. Condom *s rate it higher than females C. Emergency Contraception Pill ( morning after pill ) *s rate it higher than males D. Depo-Provera ( the needle ) *s rate it higher E. Foam, Cream, or Jelly *Community and females rate it higher than males of the same groups, and males rate it higher than females of the same group F. Withdrawal/Pulling Out *s rate it higher OVERVIEW: Youth High School Aboriginal Youth High School Non- Aboriginal Youth s s s s s s = Very poor; 2 = Somewhat poor; Page 7

8 *Note: bold font shows significant gender differences All females rate the PILL, ECP, DEPO-PROVERA as more effective for pregnancy prevention than do males (p<.05). All males rate the CONDOM and WITHDRAWAL as more effective for pregnancy prevention than do females (p<.05). They do, however, recognize that WITHDRAWAL is not that effective. s know less about effective pregnancy prevention methods. DETAILS: For Pregnancy Prevention, How Effective Is... A. The Pill (n = 1096) (n = 1094) H. S. Aboriginal H. S. Non-Aboriginal According to their self-report, females believe that the Pill is a more effective method of pregnancy prevention than males (p<.05). Both females and males report that the Pill is a somewhat good method of prevention, but females give it a slightly higher rating. 51% of females and 41% of males report that the Pill is a very good method of pregnancy prevention. s = 4.36 (avg) s = 4.21 (avg) Page 8

9 For Pregnancy Prevention, How Effective Is... B. The Condom According to their self-report, males believe that the Condom is a more effective method of pregnancy prevention than females (p<.05) Both females and males report that the Condom is a somewhat good method of prevention, but males give it a slightly higher rating. (n = 1108) (n = 1117) 27% of females and 39% of males report that the report that the Condom is a very good method of pregnancy prevention. s = 1 (avg) s = 4.19 (avg) For Pregnancy Prevention, How Effective Is... C. Emergency Contraceptive Pill ("Morning After") *Note: = Very poor; 2 = Somewhat poor; (n = 821) (n = 743) Page 9 s report that ECP (morning after pill) is a more effective method of pregnancy prevention than males (p<.05). 53% of females report that ECP is either a somewhat good or very good method of pregnancy prevention compared to 32% of Community Aboriginal males (p<.05). 69% of females report that ECP is either a somewhat good or very good method of pregnancy

10 prevention, compared to 47% of H.S. Aboriginal males (p<.05). For Pregnancy Prevention, How Effective Is... D. Depo-Provera ("The Needle") s report thinking that Depo-Provera is a more effective method of pregnancy prevention than males (p<.01) % of females believe that Depo-Provera is either a somewhat good or very good method, compared to 47% of males. (n = 630) (n = 481) For Pregnancy Prevention, How Effective Is... E. Foam, Cream, or Jelly Participant Groups (n = 812) (n = 777) and females report thinking that Foam, Cream or Jelly is more effective for pregnancy prevention than males of the same groups (p<.05). 18% of females and 40% of females think that Foam, Cream or jelly is a very good or somewhat good method, compared to 13% of males and 38% of males. *Note: 1 = Very poor; 2 = Somewhat poor; In the group, males give Foam, Cream or Jelly higher ratings of effectiveness than females. 32% of males think that it is a somewhat good or very good method of prevention, compared to 29% of females (p<.05). Page 10

11 For Pregnancy Prevention, How Effective Is... F. Withdrawal/Pulling Out s report thinking that Withdrawal / Pulling Out is a more effective method of pregnancy prevention than females (p<.01). The majority of females (71%) believe that Withdrawal is a very poor method, compared to 54% of males (n = 998) (n = 1026) 18% of males, 14% of males, and 6% of H.S. Non-Aboriginal males think that Withdrawal is a very good method. Participant Groups To Summarize Pregnancy Prevention Knowledge s give each method of pregnancy prevention a higher rating of effectiveness than males, except for the CONDOM and WITHDRAWAL / PULLING OUT, which males rate as a more effective method. How well do you think each method works for preventing STDs? OVERVIEW: Youth B. Condom *s rate it higher than females. C. Emergency Contraception Pill ( morning after pill ) D. Depo-Provera ( the needle ) *H.S. males rate it higher than H.S. Page 11 High School Aboriginal Youth High School Non- Aboriginal Youth s s s s s s A. Pill

12 females. E. Foam, Cream, or Jelly F. Withdrawal/Pulling Out *s rate it higher than females = Very poor; 2 = Somewhat poor; *Note: shaded areas show significant gender differences All methods are rated equally by females and males, except males rate the CONDOM higher (p<.05). However, males also rate WITHDRAWAL higher (p<.01). Furthermore, the H.S. Aboriginal and males report thinking that DEPO-PROVERA is more effective for STD prevention than do females of the same group (p<.01). s and males both have limited knowledge about effective STD prevention methods. Two of the following facts about methods of STD prevention do not offer a comparison because those questions were not asked in the survey of the High School Youth. DETAILS: For STD Prevention, How Effective Is... A. The Pill s and males give the Pill an average rating of somewhat poor for STD prevention. Although the average rating given is somewhat poor, the majority of females (60%) and males (59%) report that the Pill is a very poor method of STD prevention. 1.9 (n = 68) 1.9 (n = 83) Page 12

13 For STD Prevention, How Effective Is... B. The Condom s report that the Condom is a more effective method of STD prevention than females (p<.05). 77% of females report that the Condom is either a somewhat good or very good method, compared to 82% of males. (n = 1090) (n = 1106) For STD Prevention, How Effective Is... C. Emergency Contraceptive Pill ('Morning After') Both females and males give ECP an average rating of somewhat poor as a method of STD prevention. 61% of females and 64% of males rate ECP as either somewhat poor or very poor as a method of STD prevention. 2.1 (n = 62) (n = 72) Page 13

14 For STD Prevention, How Effective Is... D. Depo-Provera ("The Needle") s report that Depo-Provera is a more effective method of STD prevention than females (p<.01) (n = 632) (n = 493) In the and H.S. Non- Aboriginal groups, males give Depo-Provera a higher rating of effectiveness than do females (p<.05). 13% of H.S. females think Depo-Provera is a very good or somewhat good method of STD prevention, compared to 23% of males. However, both females and males report thinking that Depo-Provera is a somewhat poor method of STD prevention. For STD Prevention, How Effective Is... E. Foam, Cream, or Jelly Both females and males report thinking that Foam, Cream, or Jelly is a somewhat poor method of STD prevention (n = 834) (n = 778) 72% of females and 63% of males report thinking that Foam, Cream, or Jelly is a somewhat poor or very poor method. Page 14

15 For STD Prevention, How Effective Is... F. Withdrawal / Pulling Out Although both genders report that Withdrawal is a poor method of STD prevention, males rate it as a more effective method than do females (p<.01) H.S Non-Aboriginal (n = 1024) (n = 1022) A greater proportion of males (10%) rate Withdrawal as very good or somewhat good, compared to 6% of females. To Summarize STD Prevention Knowledge Although both females and males equally recognize the ineffectiveness of the PILL, ECP, DEPO-PROVERA, FOAM/CREAM/JELLY and WITHDRAWAL for STD prevention, a greater proportion of males rate WITHDRAWAL and DEPO-PROVERA as more effective than do females. Although both females and males recognize the effectiveness of the CONDOM for STD prevention, a greater proportion of males rate it as more effective than do females. True / False Knowledge Questions Page 15

16 This question refers to Youth being informed about sexual health KNOWLEDGE. "You can get an STD without having intercourse" (TRUE) "You can get an STD without having intercourse" (TRUE) FEMALES (n = 1126) MALES (n = 1147) Participant Groups Participant Groups Percent 0 Correct Incorrect Percent 0 Correct Incorrect There is a difference between females and males within each High School group (p<.01). A greater % of males in both High School Aboriginal and High School Non-Aboriginal groups answered incorrectly to the statement you can get an STD without having intercourse. A greater % of and High School Aboriginal males than High School Non- Aboriginal males answered incorrectly (p<.01). 51% of males and 43% of High School Aboriginal males answered incorrectly compared to 29% of High School Non- Aboriginal males. A greater % of females answered incorrectly (51%) than High School Non-Aboriginal females (23%) (p<.01). This question refers to Youth being informed about ACCESS for sexual health care services. Page 16

17 "Need permission to talk with Dr. about pregnancy or STD prevention" (FALSE) "Need permission to talk with Dr. about pregnancy or STD prevention" (FALSE) FEMALES (n = 1137) MALES (n = 1151) Percent Incorrect Correct Percent Incorrect Correct A greater % of females than and females answered incorrectly (p<.01). 16% of females were incorrect compared to 4% and 2% of and females. Similarly, a greater % of males than and H.S. Non- Aboriginal males answered incorrectly (p<.01). 23% of males were incorrect compared to 8% and 3% of and males. This question refers to Youth being informed about ACCESS for sexual health care services. "A young person of any age can get condoms without someone's permission." (TRUE) "A young person of any age can get condoms without someone's permission." (TRUE) FEMALES (n = 1135) MALES (n = 1150) Participant Groups 40 Participant Groups Percent 20 0 Correct Incorrect 7 Percent 20 0 Correct Incorrect 7 Page 17

18 A greater % of males answered incorrectly (28%) to the statement a young person of any age can get condoms without someone s permission, compared to females (12% incorrect) (p<.05). A greater % of females and males answered incorrectly compared to females (6.6%) and males (6.8%) (p<.05) This question refers to Youth being informed about ACCESS for sexual health care services. "Young people can get tested/treated for STDs "Young people can get tested/treated for STDs without someone's permission" (TRUE) without someone's permission" (TRUE) FEMALES (n = 1118) MALES (n = 1141) Percent Correct Incorrect 25 Participant Groups Percent 20 0 Correct Incorrect 29 Participant Groups s and males in all groups answered similarly to each other on the statement: Young people can get tested/treated for STDs without someone s permission, in which nearly ¾ of both genders answered correctly. To Summarize Accessing Sexual Health Care Knowledge males are less knowledgeable than females about getting condoms without permission. males are less knowledgeable than High School Aboriginal and High School Non-Aboriginal males to questions about talking to a Dr. about safe sex practices without permission. Page 18

19 STD Contraction Knowledge s from the High School Aboriginal and High School Non-Aboriginal groups are less knowledgeable than High School Aboriginal and High School Non-Aboriginal females about getting an STD without having intercourse. SCALES 1. The AIDS Knowledge Scale is an 11-item instrument with scores ranging from 0 to 11. It covers True/False questions about HIV/AIDS/STD-related knowledge. The total score reflects how much youth know. A higher score reflects greater knowledge. There is no difference between the way females and males score on this scale. On average, females score 7.4 out of 11 (n = 87) and males score 7.3 (n = 113). In other words, they both got approximately 67% of the questions correct. This is just less than a 7 th grade baseline average of 7.9 out of 11, where 72% of the questions are answered correctly (CAPS Instruments, 2002). Page 19