Size doesn t matter! Even small-medium sized zoos can build BIG relationships that lead to comprehensive foreign animal disease outbreak preparedness
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- Edwin Bishop
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1 Size doesn t matter! Even small-medium sized zoos can build BIG relationships that lead to comprehensive foreign animal disease outbreak preparedness Julie Barnes, Director of Animal Health Rachel Ritchason, Curator of Birds/Registrar Sheri Horiszny, Director of Animal Care
2 HPAI OUTBREAK Late H2N5 outbreak in poultry farms in BC, Canada Early H5N8 & H5N2 detected in wild birds and back yard poultry flocks in Washington, Oregon and California Jan H5N8 positive detection in a wild duck in Butte County, CA (approx. 500 miles from Santa Barbara) Jan H5N8 outbreak in commercial turkey flock in Stanislaus County, CA (approx. 300 miles from Santa Barbara) Feb H5N8 outbreak in commercial poultry in Kings County, CA (approx. 200 miles from Santa Barbara)
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4 SB Zoo risk factors Zoo adjacent to a wetlands bird refuge owned by the city Coastal zoo is across the road from the beach Control of wild birds in the zoo, particularly waterfowl Poultry farms within the county (within 100 mile radius) but not within city limits Backyard poultry close to the zoo Use of poultry products in animal diets
5 SB Zoo
6 Santa Barbara Zoo HPAI biosecurity plan Zoo s risk factors Prioritize species in the zoo according to conservation value and risk Trigger points developed to activate increasing levels of biosecurity Biosecurity protocols Many useful online resources available through AZA/ZAHP & USDA for developing a plan for biosecurity, disease preparedness, containment, recovery USDA/AZA HPAI outbreak management plan ZAHP HPAI preparedness checklist
7 AZA-ZAHP* conference calls with zoos about HPAI strongly recommended working with your respective State Animal Health Officers State animal health officer would have final decision on what happens if an outbreak occurs near or within a zoo *ZAHP = Zoo and Aquarium All Hazards Preparedness Response and Recovery Fusion Center managed by the AZA under a cooperative agreement with USDA APHIS Animal Care
8 Timeline: 1. April sent our HPAI biosecurity plan to CA state veterinarian 2. State Veterinarian sent the plan to CDFA lead poultry vet for the state Lead poultry vet assigned by the State Veterinarian & Branch Chief for Animal Health (CDFA) as the Zoo lead to work on zoo HPAI preparedness- liaise with zoos & aquaria in CA, USDA and ZAHP 3. June Site visit by USDA & CDFA CDFA poultry lead vet USDA- APHIS area in charge veterinarian 2 X CDFA veterinarians from the regional office 4. July 2015 USDA wildlife services site visit for wildlife mitigation 5. Further developed our HPAI biosecurity plan and the budget was approved
9 After USDA wildlife services site visit: Established an updated list of veterinarians from each zoo and aquarium in California Established a designated vet from that list as the point of contact for weekly notifications (or more often) of results of wild bird surveillance in California from USDA APHIS wildlife services. This is then disseminated by the point of contact to other vets on the Californian list for timely notifications of positive detections.
10 Other useful USDA websites: The national table of HPAI positive wildlife detections (updated weekly) can be found here: nimal_diseases/ai/july2015- june2016wildbirdpositivehpaicasesintheus.pdf Information on the most recent HPAI in U.S. commercial poultry can be found at: imal-disease-information/avian-influenzadisease/sa_detections_by_states/ai-2016-map
11 Zoo HPAI CONOPS exercise - Oct 2015 Asked to participate in the zoo HPAI CONOPS exercise in Oct 2015 Scope: Internet based table top exercise involving pre-selected zoos and State agencies Participants: Santa Barbara Zoo San Diego Zoo Global Cheyenne Mountain Zoo Denver Zoo Disney Animal Kingdom State Animal Health and Public Health agencies in CA, CO, FL USDA APHIS AZA/ZAHP Fusion Center
12 Zoo HPAI CONOPS exercise - Oct 2015 Scenario: Each zoo had a different scenario of increased threat levels followed by onsite HPAI infection, with the concern of zoonotic potential Objectives: Zoos and regulatory agencies were required to demonstrate the response structures and key strategies for responding to HPAI in your zoo
13 Zoo HPAI CONOPS exercise outcomes Allowed us to test our biosecurity plan in a virtual scenario Strengths Prevention strategies but changed trigger points Messaging strategies Deficiencies Containment & recovery strategies Inadequate respiratory protection program Need to develop a contingency budget for containment & recovery cost of PPE, cleaning/disinfection, biohazard disposal, overtime staffing, surveillance testing
14 PUBLIC HEALTH - ZOONOTIC CONCERNS The potential of zoonotic transmission of any influenza virus is of significant public health concern and actions to protect staff and the public are under the scope of public health authorities, rather than animal health authorities State public health officials are very concerned about the zoonotic potential of avian influenza Tabletop meeting with our local public health department after the Zoo HPAI CONOPS exercise highlighted their concern about zoonotic potential of any influenza viruses Ability to quarantine exposed people Ability to protect people from becoming exposed
15 Most zoos participating in the Zoo HPAI CONOPS exercise found their respiratory protection program to be deficient in some way If public health officials deem there is inadequate respiratory protection for your animal care staff who is going to look after your animals??
16 Respiratory Protection Program Steps Identify staff Medical clearance Fit testing Training Written program Cost of implementing program ( $5,000 for approx. 26 staff if done in-house) Annual recertification & program maintenance It takes time to develop this program, so very difficult to do once the outbreak occurs Need to prove to public health officer that you can adequately protect staff and the public when there is a disease in your facility with zoonotic potential
17 SUMMARY Built strong relationships with regulatory agencies that would be working with us if there was an outbreak near or in our zoo CDFA USDA APHIS CDPH Santa Barbara Public Health Historically the value and uniqueness of zoos has not always been considered in the face of a foreign animal disease outbreak, but in recent years through the efforts of AZA, USDA and state animal health agencies have recognized that zoos need to be included in response plans In 2016, zoos added to CDFA HPAI response plans The critical importance of a respiratory protection program in your biosecurity & disease preparedness plans when there is zoonotic potential to ensure adequate disease response and business continuity
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