Item 2.2 Household definition

Transcription

1 EUROPEAN COMMISSION EUROSTAT Directorate F: Social statistics Doc. DSSB/2016/Jun/2.2 Item 2.2 Household definition MEETING OF THE BOARD OF THE EUROPEAN DIRECTORS OF SOCIAL STATISTICS LUXEMBOURG, 28 AND 29 JUNE 2016 BECH BUILDING, ROOM B2/464

2 1. PURPOSE OF THIS DOCUMENT The objective of this paper is to inform the DSS board on the on-going project aiming at harmonising the concepts of household and residence across both countries and data sources for social statistics. This project follows a two-stage approach: the first stage consists in making an inventory of the current national practices while the second stage will try to single out similarities in order to propose some harmonisation of the concepts. This document, focusing on the first stage of the project, is structured in three parts. Firstly, the background with the context and objectives are recalled. Then the first results of written consultations conducted in May/June 2016 are presented, drawing up the inventory of the current situation in all countries. The next steps are finally described before concluding. 2. BACKGROUND Within the scope of the IESS Framework Regulation, Eurostat is willing to harmonise the concepts of residence across the main EU data collections (LFS, SILC, HBS, AES, EHIS, ICT-HH and TUS) and household in those data collections where the household is a key component of the survey (either for implementation or analysis purposes, those concerned being the LFS, SILC, HBS and TUS). This harmonising project can be split in two stages: a) inventory of current national situations The first stage consists in drawing up an inventory of the current situation across countries. To reach the harmonising goal more efficiently and especially in order to make a sound proposal Eurostat collected information through written consultations of countries at a technical level about the current national practices and drew up an inventory as regards the concepts of household and residence used in the three data collections (LFS, SILC and HBS). The results of this consultation are given in the section 3 1. After the DSS Board, the inventory will be completed for the other four surveys before a written consultation of all DSS members is launched. In this context, collecting information on national practices for the population census is also useful. b) proposal for harmonisation of the concepts The proposal for harmonising in the context of the IESS Framework Regulation will come afterwards as a second stage. On the basis of the results from the written consultation just mentioned above, common elements will be singled out, which will be used to draft a proposal for harmonisation. The aim is double as harmonisation is sought for these concepts across both countries and data sources. There are three main axes for harmonising: the household definition, the residence definition and the special cases. These are briefly described below (see table 1). 1 At the time of drafting, the current paper not all countries had replied yet. A more comprehensive summary will be presented on the day of the meeting. 1

3 Table 1: Main axes for harmonising Household Residence Special cases (for the residence) Currently two options are possible: dwelling concept versus housekeeping concept. Currently two options are possible: usual residence versus legal/registered residence. Also the reference period for the stay in the residence can vary from one country/source to another (ranging from a few months up until a year). There are plenty of special cases for accounting for the 'members' of a given household (students, armed forces or military service, child with divorced parents, etc ). This document concerns the first stage of the project. 3. FIRST RESULTS OF THE WRITTEN CONSULTATION At the time of drafting the paper, replies from 30 countries (all EU Member States plus CH and NO) have been received in the context of the written consultation. More detailed information has been provided for the LFS compared to SILC and HBS. Tables in annex 1 present the first results of this written consultation along each of the three main axes for harmonising, as previously described in table 1. For the household concept, information from the 2011 Census Hub has been added in Table A Household (first axis for harmonising): The following can be noticed: Very few countries (five) collect data on institutional households for the LFS; the information was even never filled neither for SILC nor HBS data collections. The housekeeping concept seems to be used in a majority of cases and for all three data collections, namely LFS, SILC and HBS. o It is especially true for SILC and HBS (it is imposed by regulation for SILC). o It is however to be noted that for the LFS, the dwelling is used as the only concept for seven Member States (plus CH and NO) and in combination with the housekeeping for three. o Finally, out of the 27 Member States (plus CH and NO) for which information is available, the same concept is used for both census and LFS in 18 Member States (four and fourteen with dwelling and housekeeping concept respectively) (plus CH and NO). More in-depth analysis of the housekeeping concept is required given that the housekeeping concept can be based on different criteria including (1) Sharing a room; (2) Sharing of expenditures including joint provision of living essentials; (3) Pooling of income and resources or (4) The existence of family or emotional ties. 2

4 Table 2: Percentage of countries using the housekeeping and dwelling household concepts Household concept Population and housing census LFS SILC HBS Housekeeping concept 63% (19/30) Dwelling concept 37% (11/30) Both housekeeping and dwelling concepts 59% (17/29) 31% (9/29) 10% (3/29) 86% (25/29) 3,5% (1/29) 10,5% (3/29) 86% (25/29) 14% (4/29) 3.2. Residence (second axis for harmonising): The usual residence is used in a majority of countries, especially for SILC and HBS. Preference is given to a 6-month reference period for SILC (like specified in the SILC legal basis) and HBS and to a 12-month reference for the duration of stay in the LFS (as mentioned in the census definition). Table 3: Percentage of countries using different options for the residence definition Concept Option used LFS SILC HBS Residence Usual residence concept (census definition) 83% (24/29) 96,5% (28/29) 93% (27/29) Legal (or registered) residence concept 17% (5/29) 3,5% (1/29) 7% (2/29) Duration of stay in the residence Reference equal to 12 months 71% (20/28) 11% (3/27) 31% (8/26) Reference equal to 6 months 14,5% (4/28) Other 14,5% (4/28) 70,5% (19/27) 18,5% (5/27) 42% (11/26) 27% (7/26) 3.3. Treatment of special cases (third axis for harmonising) in the different countries: In accordance with the 2011 Population and Housing Census recommendations, the following rules are to be applied: 2 Information extracted from the Census Hub 3

5 The majority of time criteria is to be used in case of multi-residence (a) as well as for children who alternate between 2 places of residence (in case of a divorce for example) (b); For students in primary and secondary schools the family home is to be the place of usual residence (c) while for tertiary students, it is the term-time address (d); Institutions (collective households) are considered as usual residence for residents that have spent (are likely to spend) 12 months or more (e); For persons doing military service/for members of the armed forces who live in military barracks or camps, the general rule of where most of the daily period of rest is spent is to be applied (f). Table 4 shows the number of countries where the treatment of special cases is in line with the census recommendations for the LFS, SILC and HBS. Table 4: Special cases: implementation of rules from the census recommendations Special case LFS SILC HBS (a) Multi-residence 61% (17/28) (b) Children who alternate between two places of residence 55% (16/29) (c) Students in primary and secondary schools 55% (16/29) (d) Tertiary students 41% (12/29) (e) Institutions (collective households) 58% (15/26) (f) Compulsory military service and armed forces 35% (6/17) 64% (18/28) 64% (18/28) 79% (22/28) 48% (13/27) 48% (11/23) 44% (8/18) 69% (20/29) 61% (17/28) 62% (18/29) 52% (15/29) 40% (10/25) 37% (7/19) A majority of countries implement, in the three surveys, the rules on multi-residence, on children who alternate between two places of residence and on students in primary and secondary schools. For tertiary students, the level of implementation is far below as for the institutions and compulsory military service and armed forces. But please note that for this last special case, 11 countries mentioned that this situation does not apply in their national context. 4. NEXT STEPS The written consultation was prepared in collaboration with one of the Task Forces in charge of the development of the implementing measure on the LFS. The LAMAS Working Group 4

6 was consulted in May and the ILC and HBS Working Groups in June The next steps are summarised in table 5 below. The target is to have a final discussion for approval by the DSS at the October 2016 DSS meeting. Table 5: Next steps Phase Discussion in the DSS Board Extension of the inventory to AES, EHIS, ICT and TUS with the Working Groups Written consultation of the DSS on the complete inventory of national situations (stage 1) Timetable 28/29 June 2016 July 2016 July 2016 More in-depth analysis of: the housekeeping concept the weights (sources of calibration; calibration margins) The impact of the household concept on the jobless household indicator from those countries using both dwelling and housekeeping concepts in LFS July-September 2016 DSS opinion on: the complete inventory of national situations (stage 1) October 2016 the proposal for harmonisation of the concepts (stage 2) The DSSB is invited: to take note of and comment on the inventory concerning the concepts of household and residence used in the LFS, SILC and HBS data collections presented in this document as a result of the written consultations at technical levels; to give their views and agree on the next steps. 5

7 Annex I Table A: Results about the household definition (first axis for harmonising) Concept Option used Population and housing LFS SILC HBS census Population Private households covered AT, BE, BG, CY, DE, DK, EE, EL, ES, FI, FR, HR, HU, IT, LT, LU, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, SI, SK, UK, SE, IE, RO, CZ, AT, BE, CY, DK, EE, EL, FI, FR, HR, HU, IT, LT, LU, LV, MT, NL, PT, SI, SK, IE, RO, CZ, DE, ES, PL, UK, BG, AT, BE, CY, DK, EE, EL, FI, FR, HR, HU, IT, LT, LU, LV, MT, NL, PT, SI, SK, IE, RO, CZ, DE, PL, SE, BG, UK, Institutional households covered DE, DK, EE, FI, SE Household Housekeeping concept BE, BG, CY, CZ, EE, HR, IE, IT, HU, LV, LT, LU, MT, PL, PT, RO, SI, SK, UK BE, BG, CY, DK, EL, FI, HU, LT, LV, NL, PL 4, SI, UK, IE, RO, CZ, SE AT, BE, CY, (DK), EL, FI, FR, HR, HU, LT, LU, LV, NL, PT, SI, IE, RO, CZ, DE, ES, PL, (UK), BG, AT, BE, CY, EL, FI, FR, HR, HU, IT, LT, LU, LV, NL, PT, SI, IE, RO, CZ, DE, PL, SE, BG, (UK), Dwelling concept DK, DE, EL, ES, FR, AT, NL, FI, SE, AT, ES, FR, HR, IT, LU, PT, IT Both housekeeping and dwelling concepts DE, MT, SK EE, MT, SK DK, EE, MT, SK 3 Information extracted from the Census Hub 4 Dwelling concept in the future 6

8 Table B: Results about the residence definition (second axis for harmonising) Concept Option used LFS SILC HBS Residence Usual residence concept (census definition) AT, BG, CY, (DE), DK, EE, EL, ES, FI, FR, HR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, SI, SK, UK, IE, RO, CZ AT, BE, CY, DK, EE, EL, FI, FR, HR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PT, SI, SK, IE, RO, CZ, DE, ES, PL, UK, BG, AT, CY, DK, EE, EL, FI, FR, HR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PT, SI, SK, IE, RO, CZ, DE, PL, SE, BG, UK, Legal (or registered) residence concept BE, (DE), LU, SE, LU BE, LU Duration of stay in the residence Reference equal to 12 months (BE), BG, CY, EE, EL, ES, FI, HR, HU, LT, LV, MT, PL, PT, SI, SK, SE, RO, CZ, CH CY, PT, RO (BE), CY, EE, (HR), PT, RO, PL, BG Reference equal to 6 months DK, UK, IE, NO AT, BE, EE, EL, HR, LT, LV, MT, IE, SI, SK, CZ, DE, ES, PL, UK, BG, CH, NO AT, EL, LT, MT, SI, SK, IE, SE, UK, Other AT, DE, (FR), IT DK, FI, (FR), HU, IT FI, (FR), HU, IT, LV, CZ, DE 7

9 Table C: Results about the special cases (third axis for harmonising) Special case LFS SILC HBS * Multi-residence: Does the 'majority of time' criterion apply?" AT, CY, DK, EL, ES, FR, HR, LT, LV, MT, PL, PT, SK, UK, IE, AT, BE, CY, EE, EL, HR, HU, LT, LV, MT, PT, SK, IE, ES, UK, PL, BG, NO AT, CY, DK, EE, EL, FR, HR, HU, LT, LV, MT, PT, SK, IE, DE, BG, SE, UK, * Students below tertiary: Is the usual residence for students below tertiary education that of the family? BG, CY, EL, ES, HR, HU, LT, LU, LV, MT, SK, UK, IE, RO, CZ, NO BE, CY, EE, EL, HR, HU, LT, LV, MT, PT, SI, SK, IE, RO, CZ, DE, ES, UK, PL, (BG), (CH), NO CY, DK, EE, EL, HR, HU, LT, LV, MT, PT, SI, IE, RO, CZ, PL, BG, SE, NO * Students in tertiary education: Is the usual residence for students in tertiary education is the term-time address? BG, CY, EE, EL, HR, LV, MT, SK, IE, CZ, EE, HU, LV, MT, PT, SI, SK, IE, CZ, (CH), (PL), BG, NO DK, EE, HU, LT, LV, MT, PT, SI, IE, CZ, (PL), BG, SE, * Institutions (collective households): If someone has spent 12 months or more in an institution, is it counted as his/her usual residence? BG, CY, DK, EE, FI, HR, LT, LV, NL, PL, PT, SI, IE, BE, CY, EL, (HR), HU, LT, LV, NL, IE, PL, NO CY, EL, HR, HU, LT, LV, NL, IE, SE, NO * Compulsory military service and armed forces: If this applies in your national context (military service, armed forces) does the 'majority of time' criterion apply? (this does not apply in BE, BG, HU, LV, PL, SI, MT, IE, RO, CZ) AT, CY, EE, ES, PT, SK AT, CY, EE, (EL), (HR), HU, PT, SK AT, CY, EE, (EL), HU, PT, CH * Homeless: Do you include homeless people in the survey? DK, FI, BE, SE FI, BE FI, BE * Child with divorced parents: In case a child's parents live separately, does the 'majority of time' criterion apply? AT, CY, EE, EL, ES, FI, HR, LT, LV, MT, PT, SK, UK, IE, CH, NO AT, CY, HR, HU, LT, LV, MT, SI, SK, IE, CZ, BE, DE, ES, UK, (CH), BG, NO AT, CY, DK, HR, HU, LT, LV, MT, SI, SK, IE, CZ, BG, SE, UK, 8

10 Annex II: Concepts definitions a) The following concepts are taken from the Census Regulations (Regulation of European Parliament and Council n 763/2008 and Commission Regulation n 1201/2009 see the section References below). Census Regulations are mostly based on recommendations made by the United Nations (UNECE) for harmonised data collections for censuses. Population population shall mean the national, regional and local population at its usual residence at the reference date 5. Residence usual residence shall mean the place where a person normally spends the daily period of rest, regardless of temporary absences for purposes of recreation, holidays, visits to friends and relatives, business, medical treatment or religious pilgrimage. The following persons alone shall be considered to be usual residents of the geographical area in question: (i) those who have lived in their place of usual residence for a continuous period of at least 12 months before the reference date; or (ii) those who arrived in their place of usual residence during the 12 months before the reference date with the intention of staying there for at least one year. Special cases for usual residence In applying the definition of usual residence given in Article 2(d) of Regulation (EC) No 763/2008, Member States shall treat special cases as follows: (a) Where a person regularly lives in more than one residence during the year, the residence where he/she spends the majority of the year shall be taken as his/her place of usual residence regardless of whether this is located elsewhere within the country or abroad. However, a person who works away from home during the week and who returns to the family home at weekends shall consider the family home to be his/her place of usual residence regardless of whether his/her place of work is elsewhere in the country or abroad. (b) Primary and secondary school pupils and students who are away from home during the school term shall consider their family home to be their place of usual residence regardless of whether they are pursuing their education elsewhere in the country or abroad. (c) Tertiary students who are away from home while at college or university shall consider their term-time address to be their place of usual residence regardless of whether this is an institution (such as a boarding school) or a private residence and regardless of whether they are pursuing their education elsewhere in the country or abroad. Exceptionally, where the place of education is within the country, the place of usual residence may be considered to be the family home. (d) An institution shall be taken as the place of usual residence of all its residents who at the time of the census have spent, or are likely to spend, 12 months or more living there. (e) The general rule in relation to where most of the daily period of rest is spent applies to persons doing compulsory military service and to members of the armed forces who live in military barracks or camps. (f) The place of enumeration shall be taken as the place of usual residence of homeless or 5 reference date shall mean the date to which the data of the respective Member State refer 9

11 roofless persons, nomads, vagrants and persons with no concept of usual residence; (g) A child who alternates between two places of residence (for instance if his or her parents are divorced) shall consider the one where he or she spends the majority of the time as his or her place of usual residence. Where an equal amount of time is spent with both parents the place of usual residence shall be the place where the child is found at the time on census night. b) The following definitions have been taken from the LFS explanatory notes. Household A private household (housekeeping unit concept) is either: a) a one-person household, i.e. a person who lives alone in a separate housing unit or who occupies, as a lodger, a separate room (or rooms) of a housing unit but does not join with any of the other occupants of the housing unit to form part of a multi-person household as defined below, or b) a multi-person household, i.e. a group of two or more persons who combine to occupy the whole or part of a housing unit and to provide themselves with food and possibly other essentials for living. Members of the group may pool their incomes to a greater or lesser extent. 10

12 Annex III: Excel questionnaire used for the sectorial working groups consultation COUNTRY : (please mention here the name of your country) Definitions and concepts used in your country for LFS Yes No MAIN CONCEPTS (please refer to the Census definitions in the legal texts) POPULATION HOUSEHOLD (these concepts should be mutually exclusive) Are private households covered? Are institutional households covered? Do you use the housekeeping concept? (household members provide themselves with food and possibly other essentials for living) When the housekeeping concept is used, do interviewers ask clear questions to single out households which share their budget? If yes, which questions? (please mind that if you answer 'No', we will then consider that there is no specific question and that interviewers assess the situation themselves instead, otherwise please comment) Concept (mutually exclusive) Do you use the dwelling concept? Do you use the usual residence concept? (census definition) Do you use the legal (or registered) residence concept? SPECIAL CASES for usual residence as described in the census (please refer to the Census definitions in the legal texts) RESIDENCE SAMPLE OF PERSONS OR SAMPLE OF HOUSEHOLDS Is the reference equal to 12 months? Duration of stay in the Is the reference equal to 6 months? residence used as reference Other reference (if so, then please state the duration in the comments column) Do you use a sample of households? (please mind that if you answer 'No', we will then consider that you use a sample of persons, otherwise please comment) a) Multi-residence Does the 'majority of time' criterion apply? b) Students below tertiary Is the usual residence for students below tertiary education that of the family? c) Students in tertiary education Is the usual residence for students in tertiary education is the term-time address? d) Institutions (collective households) If someone has spent 12 months or more in an institution, is it counted as his/her usual residence? e) Compulsory military service and armed forces If this applies in your national context (military service, armed forces) does the 'majority of time' criterion apply? f) Homeless Do you include homeless people in the survey? g) Child with divorced parents In case a child's parents live separately, does the 'majority of time' criterion apply? Do you use the total number of private households as calibration margin? Do you use the total number of people living in private households as calibration margin? CALIBRATION (private households only) From which source do you retrieve those margins? (if other, please indicate the source used) Census Population register Population estimates/projections Other source (if so, then please state the duration in the comments column) 11