SJS. Original Research Article. M. Manninen 1, T. Karjalainen 2, J. Määttä 1, T. Flinkkilä 1
|
|
- Meredith Murphy
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 665544SJS / Epidemiology of flexor tendon injuriesm. Manninen, et al. research-article2016 Original Research Article SJS SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY Epidemiology of Flexor Tendon Injuries of the Hand in a Northern Finnish Population M. Manninen 1, T. Karjalainen 2, J. Määttä 1, T. Flinkkilä 1 1 Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland 2 Department of Surgery, Central Hospital of Central Finland, Jyväskylä, Finland Abstract Background: Flexor tendon injuries cause significant morbidity in working-age population. The epidemiology of these injuries in adult population is not well known. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of flexor tendon injuries in a Northern Finnish population. Material and Methods: Data on flexor tendon injuries, from 2004 to 2010, were retrieved from patient records from four hospitals, which offer surgical repair of the flexor tendon injuries in a well-defined area in Northern Finland. The incidence of flexor tendon injury as well as the gender-specific incidence rates was calculated. Mechanism of injury, concomitant nerve injuries, and re-operations were also recorded. Results: The incidence rate of flexor tendon injury was 7.0/100,000 person-years. The incidence was higher in men and inversely related to age. The most common finger to be affected was the fifth digit. In 37% of injuries also digital nerve was affected. The most common finger to have simultaneous digital nerve injury was the thumb. Conclusion: Flexor tendon laceration is a relatively rare injury. It predominantly affects working-aged young males and frequently includes a nerve injury, which requires microsurgical skills from the surgeon performing the repair. This study describes epidemiology of flexor tendon injuries and therefore helps planning the surgical and rehabilitation services needed to address this entity. Key words: Epidemiology; hand; incidence; tendon injuries; trauma Introduction The epidemiology of flexor tendon injuries of the hand is poorly studied in adult patients. The primary treatment is surgery in the majority of cases and obtaining good results remains a challenge to hand Correspondence: Teemu Karjalainen Department of Surgery Central Hospital of Central Finland Keskussairaalantie Jyväskylä Finland teemu.karjalainen@ksshp.fi Scandinavian Journal of Surgery 2017, Vol. 106(3) The Finnish Surgical Society 2016 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalspermissions.nav DOI: journals.sagepub.com/home/sjs
2 Epidemiology of flexor tendon injuries 279 surgeons despite developments in repair materials and techniques (1). In addition, the post-operative rehabilitation requires both resources and expertise, and secondary expenses are substantial due to the long convalescence of working-aged patients Therefore, the economic burden of these injuries is significant to the society (2 3). Previously, an incidence of 4.8/100,000 has been reported in a study on musculoskeletal tendinous and ligamentous injuries of a well-defined adult population of Edinburgh Orthopaedic Trauma Unit (4). In the United Kingdom, a review of 4867 emergency patients with upper extremity traumas included only five flexor tendon injuries (5). In Finnish population, an epidemiological study revealed an annual incidence of 3.6/100,000 in pediatric patients (6). In the United States, an incidence of 33/100,000 personyears was found in all hand tendon injuries between 2001 and 2010 (7). The purpose of this descriptive population-based cohort study was to investigate the epidemiology of flexor tendon injuries in a welldefined adult population in Northern Finland. We also recorded the incidence of concomitant nerve injuries, which required microsurgical repair as well as complications, which necessitated specialized hand surgical care. Material and Methods Data Collection This is a descriptive retrospective population-based cohort study. Oulu is a city of 145,000 inhabitants in the region of Northern Ostrobothnia and the largest city in the northern part of Finland. The population is employed mostly in services, commerce, and industry. Construction and transport provide moderate employment while farming, forestry, and mining employ a clear minority. Oulu University Hospital is the primary public referral hospital for flexor tendon injuries for the city population as well as 20 municipalities surrounding it. Only the municipalities that refer patients solely to Oulu University Hospital, as opposed to other regional hospitals, were included in the study. Patients living outside the defined population but operated in the hospital were excluded from the study. The population at risk during the study period was 1,517,228 according to the Statistics Finland website. The same source was used to determine the age and sex distributions of the population at risk. Data on flexor tendon injuries, which occurred between 2004 and 2010, were retrieved from hospital s computerized patient records using both the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) diagnosis codes and the registered procedure codes from the hospital s computerized patient administration system. In pilot data extraction, we noticed that some of the tendon injuries were coded as nerve injuries or hand wounds in the system. Therefore, to be able to catch all the potential cases for tendon injuries, the ICD-10 diagnosis codes included for the search were: S51.x and S61.x, (wounds of the hand and forearm), S56.x and S66.x (any sort of tendon injury in hand or forearm), S54 and S64.x (any sort of nerve injury in hand or forearm). X notes any possible number referring to different subcategories of injuries. The operation codes were NDLxx (xx noting any possible number combination for different tendon repair subcategories), ACC19, and ACC29 (peripheral nerve repairs). The search by operative codes was subtracted from the search by diagnosis codes to remove duplicates. During the time period, there were also three private clinics providing consulting and operative services in hand surgery. To obtain reliable and accurate epidemiological data on flexor tendon injuries, the patient records from these three private hospitals were recorded by similar patient administration system searches. The case files were then reviewed to identify flexor tendon injuries. Demographic data, mechanism of injury, the repair method, rehabilitation, and complications were recorded from patient files. Inclusion criteria for admittance for the study were age of 15 years or older with a simple flexor tendon injury of one or several flexor tendons with or without injury to digital nerves. Patients with partial lacerations, fractures, and critical arterial injuries requiring microsurgical repair were excluded. In the post-operative rehabilitation of flexor tendon injuries, the modified Kleinert s early controlled motion protocol was used. The wrist was supported with a dorsal blocking splint in 30 of volar flexion, the metacarpophalangeal joints in flexion, and the interphalangeal joints straight. Rubber band traction was used for passive flexion. Four weeks post-operatively, a dorsal blocking splint was modified to hold the wrist in neutral position and was used only at night as a protective splint. The wrist was mobilized during the day and rubber band traction was used with a wrist band. Normal activities were allowed weeks after the repair. In the case of simultaneous digital nerve injury, the affected finger was immobilized for 3 weeks. A major complication was defined as either a rupture of a repaired tendon or if the patient was offered secondary surgery because of adhesions. These complications in most cases lead to re-operation, but there were also exceptions when patients declined further surgery. Infections and other miscellaneous complications including skin scar contracture and post-operative pain syndromes were recorded as well. The crude and gender-specific incidences were calculated per 100,000 person-years for the study period. The age-specific incidence was calculated using 10-year intervals. The 95% confidence intervals were calculated with CIA (Confidence Interval Analysis for Windows). Permission to use patient records for the study was received from the hospital administration of the Oulu University Hospital. For private hospitals, permission to use patient administration data was received from the National Institute for Health and Welfare. Results There were 106 patients, 88 males (83%) and 18 females (17%), with flexor tendon injuries between the years 2004 and The population at risk was 1,517,228;
3 280 M. Manninen, et al. Fig. 1. The annual incidence rates and 95% confidence intervals of flexor tendon injuries per 100,000 person-years. thus, the incidence of flexor tendon injury was 7.0/100,000 person-years (95% confidence interval (CI), ). The gender-specific incidence rates for flexor tendon injuries were 11.6/100,000 person-years (95% CI, ) for men and 2.4/100,000 person-years (95% CI, ) for women. The mean age of the patients was 39 (standard deviation (SD), 16; range 15 72) years. The mean age for women was 44 (SD, 14; range 19 72) years and for men was 32 (SD, 6; range, 15 67) years. The annual incidence was decreasing during the study period (Fig. 1). The incidence rate was higher in men in all age groups for every year of the study period. The peak incidence rate was observed in the 15- to 19-year-old age group and was 16.1/100,000 person-years (95% CI, ). The incidence was inversely related to age (Fig. 2). There were 22 (20%) complications in this study. The most common complication was the development of adhesions in 12 cases (11%), followed by a re-rupture of a repaired flexor tendon in six cases (5.6%). There were two infections (1.9%). The two other complications were limited motion due to scar contracture. Five patients with no useful flexion after rehabilitation declined secondary surgery for adhesions. Thus, the rate of re-operation was 16%. Majority of the injuries were inflicted by a knife (41/106, 39%), broken glass (15/106, 14%), or other sharp object (26/106, 25%). Injury by blunt trauma was relatively rare (9/106, 8.5%). In all, 11 patients (10%) were reported to be under the influence of alcohol during the injury and the injury was work-related in 14 patients (13%). There were 59 (56%) injuries of the right hand and 47 (44%) of the left. The most common finger to be affected was the fifth digit (Table 1). In nine cases (8%), there was a simultaneous flexor tendon injury of two Fig. 2. The annual incidence rate of a flexor tendon injury per 100,000 person-years, according to age group. digits, and in two cases (2%), there was a simultaneous injury of three digits. In 39 patients (37%), there was simultaneous injury to either or both of the digital nerves (Table 1). In all, 35 (33%) of the tendons were lacerated in zone I, 59 (56%) in zone II, 1 (0.9%) in zone III, 3 (2.8%) in zone IV, and 7 (6.6%) in zone V. In one patient, the zone could not be defined reliably from the case notes. The repair technique could be defined in 102/106 cases. During the whole study period, there were 42 (40%) two-strand repairs, 32 (30%) four-strand repairs, 11 (10%) bone anchors or pull-out sutures, and 17 (16%) reconstructions. The frequency of two-strand repairs decreased and four-strand repairs increased
4 Epidemiology of flexor tendon injuries 281 Table 1 Flexor tendon injuries of the hand according to digit. Ray I II III IV V Tendons affected FPL 19 FDS 2 FDS 2 FDS 2 FDS 4 FDP 13 FDP 14 FDP 6 FDP 18 FDS + FDP 7 FDS + FDP 0 FDS + FDP 7 FDS + FDP 25 Digital nerve injuries NDR 3 NDU 4 Both 1 NDR 5 NDU 4 NDR 2 NDU 0 NDR 2 NDU 2 Digital nerve injuries (%) NDR 7 NDU 8 Both 1 FPL: flexor pollicis longus; FDS: flexor digitorum superficialis; FDP: flexor digitorum profundus; NDR: nervus digitalis radialis; NDU: nervus digitalis ulnaris. during the study period. In all, 68 (64%) of the injuries were repaired by a hand surgeon and 35 (33%) by hand surgery residents. Three injuries (2.8%) were repaired by consultant surgeons or surgical residents with no previous formal training in hand surgery. Discussion Our data show that the incidence of flexor tendon injury was 7.0/100,000 person-years (95% CI, ). The incidence of flexor tendon injury was highest among young men, and in all, a flexor tendon injury was rare among females. We also found that injuries decreased with increasing age. Based on the cumulative incidence calculated in this study, the estimation for annual number of flexor tendon injuries in the Finnish population over 15 years of age is 314 using the population data from the year The incidence had a decreasing trend during the study period. Our data do not explain the reasons for this. The mechanisms of injuries remained similar during the study period. We postulate that the decreasing trend might reflect improvement in occupational safety and automatization of industrial processes as well as shift toward more urban lifestyle and leisure time activities. There has been one previous population-based study, which reported all the tendon injuries in hand or wrist in a defined population in the United States (7). The authors found an incidence of 33/100,000 person-years, of which 43% were flexor tendon and 57% extensor tendon injuries. Our data collection period completely overlapped theirs. The incidence of flexor tendon injuries in our study was lower. This suggests that there are cultural differences in the incidence of flexor tendon injuries. A ratio of 1:5 between female and male patients was similar in both studies as was the proportion of alcohol-related injuries (10% vs 7%). Similar to us, they also found slightly decreasing trend in the overall incidence during the study period. The difference between genders in the incidence of flexor tendon injury is probably connected to the cause of injury. The most common injury mechanism was a knife cut or other sharp injury. The use of sharp tools is more common in predominately male professions and leisure activities. Our data doesn t explain why injuries are more common in younger population, but we assume that the reason could be higher exposure time and less cautious attitude toward sharp objects or both. According to the case notes, the patient was reported to be under the influence of alcohol during the injury in 11 cases out of 106 (10%). It is common practice that use of alcohol is not always reported in medical records unless its role affects the treatment. Therefore, the observed rate could slightly underestimate the involvement of alcohol in flexor tendon injuries. The distribution of injuries reflects the vulnerability of the outermost fingers of the hand. The most common fingers to be affected were the fifth digit and the second digit. Only 10% of the cases were multifinger injuries. Flexor tendon injuries are commonly seen in crush injuries as well, but crush injuries are a different entity and were excluded from this study. Digital nerve was affected in 39% of the injuries. Adequate repair of the digital nerve requires microsurgical skills and equipment. Therefore, we feel that the repairs should be performed only by those care providers who can offer microsurgical service. Our re-operation rate was higher than in previous studies (8 9) as well as the recent meta-analysis by Dy et al. (10). However, also similar rates of re-operation have been reported (11 12). When it comes to the rerupture rate of repaired flexor tendon, which was 5.6% of the tendons repaired, our results were similar to those from a recent review concerning flexor tendon repair and its complications (10). The higher reoperation rate compared with previous results (10) can be attributed to the development of adhesions, as tenolysis was more common than could be anticipated from previous studies (10). A passive rehabilitation protocol with a Kleinert-type splint was used throughout the study period. A passive flexion protocol causes very little tension in the tendon juncture and the ruptures typically occur only when the hand is used without the splint, against instructions (13). We suspect that the amount of adhesions in this study reflects an overly cautious post-operative protocol. The theoretical mechanical advantage of multi-strand repairs nowadays commonly used might be lost in passive protocols and result in adhesions. In addition, indications to perform tenolysis are not as easily defined compared to a re-rupture of a repaired tendon. The indication for tenolysis depends greatly on the demands and expectations of the patient as well as the surgeon. Furthermore, cultural and socio-economic factors probably play an important role too.
5 282 M. Manninen, et al. We acknowledge that the retrospective data collection is a limitation of this study. Injury mechanisms were mostly reported in sufficient detail, and the repair techniques were reported uniformly when hand surgeons repaired the tendon. The specific details of the rehabilitation are impossible to verify retrospectively from patient records. We are aware that not all patients who suffer a flexor tendon injury seek medical advice. However, the cost of the operation is covered by public health insurance in Finland, and therefore, we expect very low rate of completely neglected injuries. Furthermore, some of the population at risk might have injured themselves while traveling abroad. However, a simple flexor tendon injury without fracture or vascular injury is seldom considered a medical emergency, and often the definitive treatment apart from closing the wound is delayed until the patient returns home. Patients who injure themselves in another city in Finland are consistently referred to their own healthcare district to receive treatment. Our data, collected from a Northern Finnish population, are probably also valid for the rest of the Finnish population. We surveyed the National Hospital Discharge Register and found our estimate of 314 injuries annually in the Finnish population aged 15 years or older to correspond to the 345 flexor tendon repairs reported for all age groups in the registry. Therefore, we feel the incidence rates of this study reflect the current incidence of these injuries in the Finnish population. Our study had the strength of collecting also the cases, which were incorrectly recorded under nerve repairs, which national registry based data collection would fail to do. However, as the numbers in the national register corresponds acceptably well with our results, the registrybased data collection can be justified in future studies. In the last decade, the increase in costs has drawn more attention to economic considerations of healthcare, and in a recent study by de Putter et al. (3), hand and wrist injuries were ranked the most expensive types of injuries. Increased knowledge of the epidemiology of this injury type provided by our study helps to estimate the resources needed for the repair and rehabilitation of flexor tendon injuries. Our study provides much needed knowledge of persons at risk and the causes of injury. The treatment, especially of complications, is expensive (2). Consequently, in addition to optimizing the surgical repair, a future aim should be to identify ways to prevent these injuries. This study provides information for optimizing the national surgical and rehabilitation services for caring of flexor tendon injuries of the hand. Declaration of Conflicting Interests The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. Funding The author(s) received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. References 1. Strickland JW: Development of flexor tendon surgery: Twentyfive years of progress. J Hand Surg Am 2000;25A: Rosberg HE, Carlsson KS, Höjgård S et al: What determines the costs of repair and rehabilitation of flexor tendon injuries in zone II? A multiple regression analysis of data from southern Sweden. J Hand Surg Br 2003;28(2): De Putter CE, Selles RW, Polinder S et al: Economic impact of hand and wrist injuries: Health-care costs and productivity costs in a population-based study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2012;94(9):e Clayton RA, Court-Brown CM: The epidemiology of musculoskeletal tendinous and ligamentous injuries. Injury 2008;39(12): Hill C, Riaz M, Mozzam A et al: A regional audit of hand and wrist injuries. A study of 4873 injuries. J Hand Surg Br 1998;23(2): Nietosvaara Y, Lindfors NC, Palmu S et al: Flexor tendon injuries in pediatric patients. J Hand Surg Am 2007;32(10): De Jong JP, Nguyen JT, Sonnema AJ et al: The incidence of acute traumatic tendon injuries in the hand and wrist: A 10-year population-based study. Clin Orthop Surg 2014;6(2): Elliot D, Moiemen NS, Flemming AF et al: The rupture rate of acute flexor tendon repairs mobilized by the controlled active motion regimen. J Hand Surg 1994;19B: Hung LK, Pang KW, Yeung PL et al: Active mobilisation after flexor tendon repair: Comparison of results following injuries in zone 2 and other zones. J Orthop Surg (HongKong) 2005;13: Dy CJ, Hernandez-Soria A, Ma Y et al: Complications after flexor tendon repair: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hand Surg Am 2012;37(3): Tang JB: Clinical outcomes associated with flexor tendon repair. Hand Clin 2005;21: Hatanaka H, Kojima T, Mizoguchi T et al: Aggressive active mobilization following zone II flexor tendon repair using a two-strand heavy-gauge locking loop technique. J Orthop Sci 2002;(7) Harris SB, Harris D, Foster AJ et al: The aetiology of acute rupture of flexor tendon repairs in zones 1 and 2 of the fingers during early mobilization. J Hand Surg 1999;24B: Received: March 13, 2016 Accepted: July 15, 2016
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE MANAGEMENT OF THE FLEXOR TENDON INJURIES IN THE HAND
Basrah Journal of Surgery FACTORS INFLUENCING THE MANAGEMENT OF THE FLEXOR TENDON INJURIES IN THE HAND Avadis F.I.C.M.S. Lecturer in Orthopaedic, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, and specialist
More informationInteresting Case Series. Zone I Flexor Tendon Injuries
Interesting Case Series Zone I Flexor Tendon Injuries Evgenios Evgeniou, MBBS, MRCS, a and Harriet Walker, MBBS, MRCS b a North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom, b Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust,
More informationSPECIAL ARTICLE. Missed tendon injuries INTRODUCTION
Archives of Emergency Medicine, 1991, 8, 87-91 SPECIAL ARTICLE Missed tendon injuries H. R. GULY Consultant in A & E, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth INTRODUCTION The timing of the repair of divided tendons
More informationClinical Orthopaedic Rehabilitation Volume 1 and 2
Clinical Orthopaedic Rehabilitation Volume 1 and 2 COURSE DESCRIPTION This program is a practical, clinical guide that provides guidance on the evaluation, differential diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation
More informationHand injuries. The metacarpal bones may fracture through the base, shaft or the neck.
Hand injuries Metacarpal injuries The metacarpal bones may fracture through the base, shaft or the neck. Shaft fractures; these are caused by direct trauma which may cause transverse # of one or more metacarpal
More information11/13/2017. Complications of Flexor Tendon Repair. Brandon E. Earp, M.D. How do we best get there?
Complications of Flexor Tendon Repair Brandon E. Earp, M.D. Chief of Orthopaedic Surgery Brigham and Women s Faulkner Hospital Vice-Chair of Clinical Operations Brigham and Women s Hospital Frontiers in
More informationThe Incidence of Acute Traumatic Tendon Injuries in the Hand and Wrist: A 10-Year Population-based Study
Original Article Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery 2014;6:196-202 http://dx.doi.org/10.4055/cios.2014.6.2.196 The Incidence of Acute Traumatic Tendon Injuries in the Hand and Wrist: A 10-Year Population-based
More informationEmile N. Brown, MD, and Scott D. Lifchez, MD
Flexor Pollicis Longus Tendon Rupture After Volar Plating of a Distal Radius Fracture: Pronator Quadratus Plate Coverage May Not Adequately Protect Tendons Emile N. Brown, MD, and Scott D. Lifchez, MD
More informationAcute Rupture of Flexor Tendons as a Complication of Distal Radius Fracture
60 pissn : 1226-2102, eissn : 2005-8918 Case Report J Korean Orthop Assoc 2015;50: 60-65 http://dx.doi.org/10.4055/jkoa.2015.50.1.60 www.jkoa.org Acute Rupture of Flexor Tendons as a Complication of Distal
More informationFlexor Tenorrhaphy Using Absorbable Suture Materials
Flexor Tenorrhaphy Using Absorbable Suture Materials Hyung Joo Kang, Dong Chul Lee, Jin Soo Kim, Sae Hwi Ki, Si Young Roh, Jae Won Yang Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kwang-Myung Sung-Ae
More informationClassification of Established Volkmann s Ischemic Contracture and the Program for Its Treatment
10 Classification of Established Volkmann s Ischemic Contracture and the Program for Its Treatment In spite of the advances made in preventive treatment of muscular ischemia at the forearm and hand, there
More informationIntroduction to Ultrasound Examination of the Hand and upper
Introduction to Ultrasound Examination of the Hand and upper Emil Dionysian, M.D. Ultrasound of upper ext. Upside Convenient Opens another exam dimension Can be like a stethoscope Helps 3-D D visualization
More informationAROM of DIP flex/ext, 10 reps hourly.
BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL A Teaching Affiliate of Harvard Medical School 75 Francis St. Boston, Massachusetts 02115 Department of Rehabilitation Services Physical Therapy The intent of this protocol
More informationInteresting Case Series. Swan-Neck Deformity in Cerebral Palsy
Interesting Case Series Swan-Neck Deformity in Cerebral Palsy Leyu Chiu, BA, a Nicholas S. Adams, MD, a,b and Paul A. Luce, MD, a,b,c a Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids,
More informationHand Therapy Protocols
Hand Therapy Protocols Post Repair Therapy Protocols Page 1 of 10 Following are representative protocols for each of the three basic approaches to flexor tendon post repair management: immobilization,
More informationFINGER INJURIES. Chapter 24, pgs ,
FINGER INJURIES Chapter 24, pgs 727 730, 741 743 1. Demonstrate mastery of anatomical references to the hand and fingers. 2. Compare and contrast Mallet Finger, Swan Neck Deformity and Boutonnière Deformity.
More informationThe Effects of Early Active Motion Rehabilitation after Teno Fixrm Tendon Repair in Zone 11 Flexor Tendon Lacerations of the Hand
The Effects of Early Active Motion Rehabilitation after Teno Fixrm Tendon Repair in Zone 11 Flexor Tendon Lacerations of the Hand Lan Chen A. Study purpose and Rationale The purpose of this study is to
More informationFlexor Tendons. Get a Grip on Flexor Tendons. 1) Click the arrows on the navigation panel at the bottom of the PDF page
www. treatment2go. com & www. handtherapy. com Flexor Tendons Get a Grip on Flexor Tendons This course has active links. The index is linked so you can just click and go (page 5). To access a website click
More informationMain Menu. Wrist and Hand Joints click here. The Power is in Your Hands
1 The Wrist and Hand Joints click here Main Menu K.5 http://www.handsonlineeducation.com/classes/k5/k5entry.htm[3/23/18, 1:40:40 PM] Bones 29 bones, including radius and ulna 8 carpal bones in 2 rows of
More informationClinical Policy: Mechanical Stretching Devices for Joint Stiffness and Contracture
Clinical Policy: Mechanical Stretching Devices for Joint Stiffness and Contracture Reference Number: PA.CP.MP.144 Last Review Date: 09/18 Effective Date: 09/18 Coding Implications Revision Log Description
More informationIntegra Use of TenoGlide Tendon Protector Sheet to Protect an Extensor Tendon Repair of the Thumb CASE STUDY
Integra Use of TenoGlide Tendon Protector Sheet to Protect an Extensor Tendon Repair of the Thumb 1 CASE STUDY Use of Integra TenoGlide Tendon Protector Sheet to Protect an Extensor Tendon Repair of the
More informationFunctional results following surgical repair of post-traumatic hand tendon injuries
Functional results following surgical repair of post-traumatic hand tendon injuries Abstract Introduction: The study aims to determine whether early physical therapy following hand tendon repair gives
More informationHand Replantation. Presented by: Vicki Hofmann. BSc.OT (UCT) Case Study Written by: Wendy Young
Hand Replantation and Rehabilitation Presented by: Vicki Hofmann BSc.OT (UCT) Case Study Written by: Wendy Young B. O.T. (UKZN), P.G. Dip. Hand Ther (UP), Certified Hand Therapist Journal of Hand Therapy
More informationWrist and Hand Complaints
Wrist and Hand Complaints Charles S. Day, M.D., M.B.A. Chief, Hand & Upper Extremity Surgery St. Elizabeth s Medical Center Tufts University School of Medicine Primary Care Internal Medicine 2018 Outline
More informationWe perform the vast majority of our flexor HAND/PERIPHERAL NERVE
HAND/PERIPHERAL NERVE Avoiding Flexor Tendon Repair Rupture with Intraoperative Total Active Movement Examination Amanda Higgins, B.Sc.O.T. Donald H. Lalonde, M.D. Michael Bell, M.D. Daniel McKee, B.Sc.
More informationFlexor Tendon Lacerations
Flexor Tendon Lacerations When a Flexor Tendon Is Cut Tendons are cordlike fibers that connect muscle to bone. The flexor tendons attach muscles in the forearm to bones on the palm side of the fingers.
More informationAndrew B. Stein, MD Boston University Medical Center May 2 & 3, 2016
Andrew B. Stein, MD Boston University Medical Center andrew.stein@bmc.org Work Related Workshop WorkInjuries Related Injuries Workshop Tendon injuries may be obvious or subtle History (mechanism of injury)
More informationNerves of Upper limb. Dr. Brijendra Singh Professor & Head Department of Anatomy AIIMS Rishikesh
Nerves of Upper limb Dr. Brijendra Singh Professor & Head Department of Anatomy AIIMS Rishikesh 1 Objectives Origin, course & relation of median & ulnar nerves. Motor & sensory distribution Carpal tunnel
More informationRevisiting the Curtis Procedure for Boutonniere Deformity Correction
180 Letter to Editor Revisiting the Curtis Procedure for Boutonniere Deformity Correction Lee Seng Khoo*, Vasco Senna-Fernandes Ivo Pitanguy Institute, Rua Dona Mariana 65, Botafogo, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
More informationCurrent Practice in Tendon Management
Current Practice in Tendon Management Handout www.indianahandtoshoulder.com Click on Therapy Flexor Tendons Denver Nancy M. Cannon, OTR, CHT Director Hand to Shoulder Therapy Center Indianapolis, Indiana
More informationClinical examination of the wrist, thumb and hand
Clinical examination of the wrist, thumb and hand 20 CHAPTER CONTENTS Referred pain 319 History 319 Inspection 320 Functional examination 320 The distal radioulnar joint.............. 320 The wrist.......................
More informationRehabilitation Protocol: Primary Flexor Tendon Repair LHMC Protocol for Zone 1 & 2
Rehabilitation Protocol: Primary Flexor Tendon Repair LHMC Protocol for Zone 1 & 2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington 781-744-8650 Lahey Outpatient Center, Lexington
More informationExtensor Tendon Repair Zones II, III, IV
Zones II, III, IV D. WATTS, MD Indications Lacerations to the central slip, lateral bends and/or triangular ligament Rupture of the central slip in association with a PIP joint volar dislocation Avulsion
More informationHAND SURGERY- GUIDELINES for POST-OP TREATMENT and REFERRAL to HAND THERAPY
HAND SURGERY- GUIDELINES for POST-OP TREATMENT and REFERRAL to HAND THERAPY Please use the specific hand therapy referral form. Always give at least one telephone number for the patient so that there is
More informationManagement of Hand Palsies in Isolated C7 to T1 or C8, T1 Root Avulsions
12(3):156 160, 2008 T E C H N I Q U E Management of Hand Palsies in Isolated C7 to T1 or C8, T1 Root Avulsions Jean-Noel Goubier, PhD and Frédéric Teboul, MD Centre International de Chirurgie de la Main
More information8 Recovering From HAND FRACTURE SURGERY
8 Recovering From HAND FRACTURE SURGERY Hand fractures are caused by trauma and result in breaking (fracturing) the phalanges or metacarpals. Surgery involves achieving acceptable alignment and providing
More informationTendon and Neurovascular Bundle Displacement in the Palm With Hand Flexion and Extension: An MRI and Gross Anatomy Correlative Study
JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING 23:742 746 (2006) Clinical Note Tendon and Neurovascular Bundle Displacement in the Palm With Hand Flexion and Extension: An MRI and Gross Anatomy Correlative Study
More informationBiomechanical Modelling and Animating Human Hand Movements
Biomechanical Modelling and Animating Human Hand Movements O.A. Kuchar and J.N. Scrimger School of Computer Science, Technical University of Nova Scotia, Halifax, N.S., Canada, B3J 2X4 Abstract A different
More informationDr. Brian Klika Sagittal Band Repair / EDC Recentralization Phase 1- Early Protective Phase (Day 1 2 weeks)
Goals for phase 1 Protect sagittal band repair with constant splinting Minimize scar adhesions and post-operative edema Other Considerations: It is important to prevent full MP joint flexion of the involved
More informationLigaments of Elbow hinge: sagittal plane so need lateral and medial ligaments
Ligaments of Elbow hinge: sagittal plane so need lateral and medial ligaments Ulnar Collateral ligament on medial side; arising from medial epicondyle and stops excess valgus movement (lateral movement)
More informationFlexor Tendon Case Conundrums
Flexor Tendon Case Conundrums Philly Meeting 2018 Rowena McBeath, MD, PhD Jeffrey A. Greenberg, MD Nancy M. Cannon, OTR, CHT Faculty Rowena McBeath, MD, PhD Yale molecular biochemistry & biophysics John
More informationMetacarpophalangeal Joint Implant Arthroplasty REHABILITATION PROTOCOL
Andrew McNamara, MD The Orthopaedic and Fracture Clinic 1431 Premier Drive Mankato, MN 56001 507-386-6600 Metacarpophalangeal Joint Implant Arthroplasty REHABILITATION PROTOCOL Patient Name: Date: Diagnosis:
More informationIn Vivo Flexor Tendon Forces Increase with Finger and Wrist Flexion during Active Finger Flexion and Extension
In Vivo Flexor Tendon Forces Increase with Finger and Wrist Flexion during Active Finger Flexion and Extension Katarzyna Kursa, 1 Lisa Lattanza, 2 Edward Diao, 2 David Rempel 3 1 Department of Bioengineering,
More informationWrist & Hand Ultrasonography 대구가톨릭대학교병원재활의학과 권동락
Wrist & Hand Ultrasonography 대구가톨릭대학교병원재활의학과 권동락 Dorsal Wrist Evaluation (1 st Compartment) EPB APL Transverse View APL, abductor pollicis longus; EPB, extensor pollicis brevis Dorsal Wrist Evaluation
More informationCommon. Common Hand Problems in Elite Athletes
Common Hand Problems in Elite Athletes Fred Corley M.D. Dept. of Orthopaedic Surgery UTHSCSA I have no disclosures concerning this talk. The University of Texas Health Science Center @ San Antonio - Orthopaedics
More informationLecture 9: Forearm bones and muscles
Lecture 9: Forearm bones and muscles Remember, the region between the shoulder and the elbow = brachium/arm, between elbow and wrist = antebrachium/forearm. Forearm bones : Humerus (distal ends) Radius
More informationPhysical therapy of the wrist and hand
Physical therapy of the wrist and hand Functional anatomy wrist and hand The wrist includes distal radius, scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate. The hand includes
More informationKinesiology of The Wrist and Hand. Cuneyt Mirzanli Istanbul Gelisim University
Kinesiology of The Wrist and Hand Cuneyt Mirzanli Istanbul Gelisim University Bones The wrist and hand contain 29 bones including the radius and ulna. There are eight carpal bones in two rows of four to
More informationMR: Finger and Thumb Injuries
MR: Finger and Thumb Injuries Laura W. Bancroft, M.D. Professor of Radiology University of Central Florida Florida State University Outline Normal anatomy of the fingers and thumb MR imaging protocols
More informationMULTIMEDIA ARTICLES. Mary C. Burns & Brian Derby & Michael W. Neumeister
HAND (2013) 8:17 22 DOI 10.1007/s11552-012-9488-z MULTIMEDIA ARTICLES Wyndell merritt immediate controlled active motion (ICAM) protocol following extensor tendon repairs in zone IV VII: review of literature,
More informationStenosing flexor tenosynovitis (trigger finger) is
An Original Study Recalcitrant Trigger Finger Managed With Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Resection Sohail N. Husain, MD, Sylvan E. Clarke, MD, Glenn A. Buterbaugh, MD, and Joseph E. Imbriglia, MD Abstract
More informationComparison of Roll Stitch Technique and Core Suture Technique for Extensor Tendon Repair at the Metacarpophalangeal Joint level
Trauma Mon. 2016 February; 21(1): e24563. Published online 2016 February 6. doi: 10.5812/traumamon.24563 Research Article Comparison of Roll Stitch Technique and Core Suture Technique for Extensor Tendon
More informationUlnar Collateral Ligament Injuries of the Thumb Game Keeper s Thumb A Patient's Guide to Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injuries of the Thumb
Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injuries of the Thumb Game Keeper s Thumb A Patient's Guide to Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injuries of the Thumb 1 Introduction Injury to the ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb
More informationA Patient s Guide to Adult Finger Fractures
A Patient s Guide to Adult Finger Fractures 2350 Royal Boulevard Suite 200 Elgin, IL 60123 Phone: 847.931.5300 Fax: 847.931.9072 1 DISCLAIMER: The information in this booklet is compiled from a variety
More informationSAUDI BOARD RESIDENCY TRAINING PROGRAM
SAUDI BOARD RESIDENCY TRAINING PROGRAM Final Written Examination of (PLASTIC SURGERY) 2017 Objectives: Determine the quantity and quality of specialty knowledge base ranked as competent, so that the individual
More informationReversing PIP Joint Contractures:
Reversing PIP Joint Contractures: Applicability of the Digit Widget External Fixation System John M. Agee M.D. Reversing PIP Joint Contractures: Applicability of the Digit Widget External Fixation System
More information5/8/2017. Finger Injuries in Football. Tendon Injuries of the Hand and Wrist in Football Steve Kronlage, MD Andrews Institute Gulf Breeze, Florida
Finger Injuries in Football Tendon Injuries of the Hand and Wrist in Football Steve Kronlage, MD Andrews Institute Gulf Breeze, Florida A jammed finger is an injury (at very least a torn ligament) A swollen
More informationIntrinsic muscles palsies of the hand Management of Thumb Opposition with BURKHALTER s Procedure
Intrinsic muscles palsies of the hand Management of Thumb Opposition with BURKHALTER s Procedure TRUONG LE DAO, MD, IFAAD 1 Burkhalter W.E, Cristhensen R.C, Brown P.W, Extensor Indicis Proprius opponensplasty
More informationA New Examination Method for Anatomical Variations of the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis in the Little Finger
Original Article Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery 2013;5:138-144 http://dx.doi.org/10.4055/cios.2013.5.2.138 A New Examination Method for Anatomical Variations of the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis in the
More informationFlexor tendon injuries of the hand treated with TenoFix TM : mid-term results
J Orthopaed Traumatol (2008) 9:201 208 DOI 10.1007/s10195-008-0016-4 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Flexor tendon injuries of the hand treated with TenoFix TM : mid-term results Lorenzo Rocchi Æ Antonio Merolli Æ Andrea
More informationCommon Hand Conditions Criteria Based Access Protocol Supporting people in Dorset to lead healthier lives
NHS Dorset Clinical Commissioning Group Common Hand Conditions Criteria Based Access Protocol Supporting people in Dorset to lead healthier lives POLICY TRAIL AND VERSION CONTROL SHEET: Policy Reference:
More informationSPORTS RELATED HAND INJURIES
HKJOT 2010;20(1):13 18 ORIGINAL ARTICLE SPORTS RELATED HAND INJURIES IN HONG KONG Hercy C.K. Li 1 and Cecilia W.P. Li-Tsang 2 Objective: This study attempted to review the incidence of sports related hand
More informationKey Points for Success:
SELF WRIST & HAND 1 2 All of the stretches described in this chapter are detailed to stretch the right side. Key Points for Success: Sit comfortably in a position where you can straighten or fully extend
More informationObjectives. Anatomy Review FDP and FDS Interrelationship. Keys to Successful Treatment
Flexor Tendon Rehabilitation Joanne Mimm, MPT, CHT University of California, Irvine Irvine, CA February 9-11, 2018 Objectives Understand tendon healing/repair Tensile strength Controlled Stress Rehabilitation
More informationTrapezium is by the thumb, Trapezoid is inside
Trapezium is by the thumb, Trapezoid is inside Intercarpal Jt Radiocarpal Jt Distal Middle Proximal DIP PIP Interphalangeal Jts Metacarpalphalangeal (MCP) Jt Metacarpal Carpometacarpal (CMC) Jt Trapezium
More informationGeneral Data: Chief Complaint: History of the Present Illness: Case Presentation and Discussion on Extremity Trauma
Case Presentation and on Extremity Trauma General Data: By: Roderick S. Mujer MD. 2 nd year Resident Department of Surgery Ospital ng Maynila Medical Center M. P., 25- year- old, male from Tondo Manila.
More informationInstitute of Reconstructive Surgery, Sofia, Bulgaria
TRANSPOSITION OF THE LATERAL SLIPS OF THE APONEUROSIS IN TREATMENT OF LONG-STANDING " BOUTONNIERE DEFORMITY " OF THE FINGERS By IVAN MATEV Institute of Reconstructive Surgery, Sofia, Bulgaria RUPTURE of
More informationTendon Transfers Around Wrist in Cases of Obstetric Brachial Plexus Injury
Med. J. Cairo Univ., Vol. 86, No. 3, June: 1415-1419, 2018 www.medicaljournalofcairouniversity.net Tendon Transfers Around Wrist in Cases of Obstetric Brachial Plexus Injury MOHAMMED A. MOHAMMED, M.Sc.;
More information10/10/2014. Structure and Function of the Hand. The Hand. Osteology of the Hand
Structure and Function of the Hand 19 bones and 19 joints are necessary to produce all the motions of the hand The Hand Dorsal aspect Palmar aspect The digits are numbered 1-5 Thumb = #1 Little finger
More informationRecurrent and Chronic Elbow Instability
Recurrent and Chronic Elbow Instability Elbow instability is a looseness in the elbow joint that may cause the joint to catch, pop, or slide out of place during certain arm movements. It most often occurs
More informationLunate and Perilunate Dislocations: Our Experience
ISPUB.COM The Internet Journal of Orthopedic Surgery Volume 8 Number 1 Lunate and Perilunate Dislocations: Our Experience J Ogunlusi, S St. Rose, T Davids Citation J Ogunlusi, S St. Rose, T Davids. Lunate
More informationMCQWeek2. All arise from the common flexor origin. The posterior aspect of the medial epicondyle is the common flexor origin.
MCQWeek2. 1. Regarding superficial muscles of anterior compartment of the forearm: All arise from the common flexor origin. The posterior aspect of the medial epicondyle is the common flexor origin. Flexor
More informationOccupational therapy guidelines for conditions in which the metacarpophalangeal joints could be splinted in extension
Occupational therapy guidelines for conditions in which the metacarpophalangeal joints could be splinted in extension Elani Muller Corrianne van Velze Tania Buys 24 May 2018 Introduction MP joints should
More informationFailed Extensor Indicis Proprius Tendon Transfer for Extensor Pollicis Longus Tendon Rupture after Distal Radial Fracture
CASE REPORT pissn 1598-3889 eissn 2234-0998 J Korean Soc Surg Hand 2015;20(1):23-27. http://dx.doi.org/10.12790/jkssh.2015.20.1.23 JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY FOR SURGERY OF THE HAND Failed Extensor
More informationSwan-Neck Deformity. Introduction. Anatomy
Swan-Neck Deformity Introduction Normal finger position and movement occur from the balanced actions of many important structures. Ligaments support the finger joints. Muscles hold and move the fingers.
More informationTendon Injuries of the Hand in Kirikkale, Turkey
160 Short communication Tendon Injuries of the Hand in Kirikkale, Turkey Elif Sari* Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
More informationA Patient s Guide to Adult Thumb Metacarpal Fractures
A Patient s Guide to Adult Thumb Metacarpal Fractures Suite 11-13/14/15 Mount Elizabeth Medical Center 3 Mount Elizabeth Singapore, 228510 Phone: (65) 6738 2628 Fax: (65) 6738 2629 1 DISCLAIMER: The information
More informationA Patient s Guide to Ganglions of the Wrist
A Patient s Guide to Ganglions of the Wrist 20295 NE 29th Place, Ste 300 Aventura, FL 33180 Phone: (786) 629-0910 Fax: (786) 629-0920 admin@instituteofsports.com DISCLAIMER: The information in this booklet
More informationVolar Plate Avulsion Fractures
Journal of the Accident and Medical Practitioners Association (JAMPA) 2006; Vol. 3 (No. 1) Accident and Medical Practitioners Association, New Zealand Volar Plate Avulsion Fractures Sarah Cooper, MBChB
More informationTENDINOSIS: TRIGGER FINGER DE QUERVAIN S TENOSYNOVITIS. Renita Sirisena Mark Puhaindran
TENDINOSIS: TRIGGER FINGER DE QUERVAIN S TENOSYNOVITIS Renita Sirisena Mark Puhaindran Tendinosis vs Tendinitis Tendinosis: Degeneration of the tendon s collagen Related to chronic use Tendinitis Tendon
More informationDr Klika Proximal & Middle Phalanx Fracture with CRPP
Dr Klika Proximal & Middle Phalanx Fracture with CRPP Phase 1- Early Protective Phase (0-2 or 3 weeks) Goals for phase 1 Protect healing fracture and surgical fixation Reduce pain & swelling Promote motion
More informationJuggerKnot Soft Anchor 1.0 mm Mini
JuggerKnot Soft Anchor 1.0 mm Mini Ulnar Collateral Ligament (UCL) Repair of the Thumb Surgical Technique Surgical Protocols by Mark Rekant, M.D. A. Lee Osterman, M.D. One Surgeon. One Patient. Over 1
More informationExam of the Injured Hand and Wrist. Christina M. Ward, MD Regions Hospital TRIA Woodbury
Exam of the Injured Hand and Wrist Christina M. Ward, MD Regions Hospital TRIA Woodbury Disclosures We have no disclosures that are pertinent to this presentation Terminology Ring Long Index Small Thumb
More informationResearch Article How Early Can We Mobilise 4 th And 5 th Metacarpal Shaft Fractures? A Retrospective Study
Cronicon OPEN ACCESS ORTHOPAEDICS Research Article How Early Can We Mobilise 4 th And 5 th Metacarpal Shaft Fractures? A Retrospective Study Mohammed KM Ali 1, Abid Hussain 1, CA Mbah 1, Alaa Mustafa 1,
More informationIntrasynovial flexor tendon injuries and repair
Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine 1307 Intrasynovial flexor tendon injuries and repair SARA EDSFELDT ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS UPPSALA 2017 ISSN
More informationNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR CLINICAL EXCELLENCE INTERVENTIONAL PROCEDURES PROGRAMME
NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR CLINICAL EXCELLENCE INTERVENTIONAL PROCEDURES PROGRAMME Introduction Interventional procedures overview of needle fasciotomy for Dupuytren s contracture This overview has been prepared
More informationProspective Morphologic and Dynamic Assessment of Deep Flexor Tendon Healing in Zone II by High-Frequency Ultrasound: Preliminary Experience
Musculoskeletal Imaging Original Research Puippe et al. High-Frequency Ultrasound ssessment of Deep Flexor Tendon Musculoskeletal Imaging Original Research Prospective Morphologic and Dynamic ssessment
More informationClient centered approach to distal radius fracture management. Jared Rasmussen OTR
Client centered approach to distal radius fracture management Jared Rasmussen OTR Disclosures Sadly, no financial disclosures Objectives Review of anatomy, common fractures of the distal radius, fixation
More informationCoding and Reimbursement Guide for TenoGlide Tendon Protector Sheet 2018
Coding and Reimbursement Guide for TenoGlide Protector Sheet 2018 Effective October 1, 2015, the Centers for & Medicaid Services (CMS) is implementing International Classification of Diseases, 10 th Revision
More informationAchilles Tendon Rupture
43 Thames Street, St Albans, Christchurch 8013 Phone: (03) 356 1353 Website: philip-bayliss.com Achilles Tendon Rupture Summary Achilles tendon ruptures commonly occur in athletic individuals in their
More informationCARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME
CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME Carpal tunnel syndrome results from the pinching or entrapping of the median nerve in the underside of the wrist. The actual pathology in most cases is due to either a decrease in
More informationPhase 1 Maximum Protection 0-4 Weeks
Dr. Schmidt CMC Arthroplasty When conservative treatment of thumb osteoarthritis fails to control pain surgical treatment may be indicated. The most common surgical technique involves complete resection
More informationMuscles of the hand Prof. Abdulameer Al-Nuaimi
Muscles of the hand Prof. Abdulameer Al-Nuaimi a.alnuaimi@sheffield.ac.uk abdulameerh@yahoo.com Thenar Muscles Thenar muscles are three short muscles located at base of the thumb. All are innervated by
More informationNerve Injury. 1) Upper Lesions of the Brachial Plexus called Erb- Duchene Palsy or syndrome.
Nerve Injury - Every nerve goes to muscle or skin so if the nerve is injured this will cause paralysis in the muscle supplied from that nerve (paralysis means loss of function) then other muscles and other
More informationThe Rheumatoid Hand Deformities & Management. Dr. Anirudh Sharma Resident Department of Orthopedics
+ The Rheumatoid Hand Deformities & Management Dr. Anirudh Sharma Resident Department of Orthopedics + Why is Rheumatoid Arthritis important? + RA is a very debilitating disease median life expectancy
More informationTrigger Finger and Trigger Thumb A Patient's Guide to Trigger Finger & Trigger Thumb
Trigger Finger and Trigger Thumb A Patient's Guide to Trigger Finger & Trigger Thumb Introduction Trigger finger and trigger thumb are conditions affecting the movement of the tendons as they bend the
More informationCertificate for Advanced Practice in Hand Therapy
Certificate for Advanced Practice in Hand Therapy Curriculum Effective: March 2016 EBP 6100 Evidence-based Practice I (15 hours/1 credit) ONLINE SELF-PACED, SELF-STUDY This course is designed to improve
More information