The kidney. (Pseudo) Practical questions. The kidneys are all about keeping the body s homeostasis. for questions Ella
|
|
- Prudence Dennis
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 The kidney (Pseudo) Practical questions for questions Ella The kidneys are all about keeping the body s homeostasis Ingestion Product of metabolism H 2 O Ca ++ Cl - K + Na + H 2 O H 2 O Mg ++ Excretion metabolism = Ingested + Product of metabolism Excreted + Metabolized 1
2 Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) GFR is the volume of fluid filtered out of the plasma through glomerular capillary walls into Bowman's capsules per unit of time. GFR It is also the best estimate of kidney function for diagnosis of kidney disease. The normal range of GFR for males and females is: (depending on age, race, etc.) Males: 97 to 137 ml/min. ( L/day!) Females: 88 to 128 ml/min. Kidney function assessment Assessing GFR? GFR is best assessed by computing the Renal clearance (C) Renal clearance - The volume of plasma completely cleared of a specific compound per unit time (units ml/min) Most accurate assessment is by computing Inulin clearance it is are freely filtered but not secreted or reabsorbed second most accurate is computing creatinine clearance 2
3 Kidney function assessment You wish to evaluate kidney function in a 65 year old male and ask him to collect his urine over a 24 hours period. He returns to you 4.32 L of urine, collected over the preceding 24 hours. The clinical lab returns the following results from analysis of his urine and plasma samples: Plasma creatinine: 0.03 mg/ml Urine creatinine: 0.3 mg/ml Plasma potassium: mmol/ml Urine potassium: 0.01 mmol/ml What is this man s s GFR? Plasma creatinine: 0.03 mg/ml Urine creatinine: 0.3 mg/ml Plasma potassium: mmol/ml Urine potassium: 0.01 mmol/ml Cs = Us V Ps U s V P s = the substance s concentration in the urine = the volume of urine collected per time unit = the substance s concentration in the plasma C cr = (0.3 mg/ml * 4320 ml/day) 0.03 mg/ml = ml/day = 30 ml/min So his GFR is lower than normal (97 to 137 ml/min) implying kidney disease 3
4 Plasma creatinine: 0.03 mg/ml Urine creatinine: 0.3 mg/ml Plasma potassium: mmol/ml Urine potassium: 0.01 mmol/ml What is the Renal clearance of K? C K = (0.01 mmol/ml * 4320 ml/day) mmol/ml = 8640 ml/day = 6 ml/min As C K < GFR, K is reabsorbed (NET reabsorbed!) What is the renal reabsorption rate of potassium (K) in this patient? K + excretion = K + filtered K + reabsorbed + K + secreted Computing the difference between how much is filtered and how much is excreted gives total reabsorption rate. Plasma creatinine: 0.03 mg/ml Urine creatinine: 0.3 mg/ml Plasma potassium: mmol/ml Urine potassium: 0.01 mmol/ml Assuming that K is freely filtered, it would be filtered at a rate of GFR * plasma concentration (this is the Filtered load) FL K = GFR x P K = 30 ml/min * mmol/ml = 0.15 mmol/min the difference, or reabsorption rate, is therefore: FL K U K V = 0.15 mmol/min 0.01 mmol/ml * 4320 ml/day = 0.15 mmol/min 0.01 mmol/ml * 3 ml/min = 0.12 mmol/min 4
5 Therefore most of the K is reabsorbed How is this achieved? K is freely filtered, it is mostly reabsorbed and later secreted. The regulation is only for secretion K + Reabsorption Not regulated! In the proximal tube and thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle Absorption of ~90% of K + K + Secretion Coupled to Na + reabsorption Regulation of K + secretion is by aldosterone that drive increased uptake by the Na + /K + ATPase 5
6 Hydrogen ion regulation ph PH=7.4 ph [H + ] Acidosis [H + ] Alkalosis Lung regulation CO 2 + H 2 O H 2 CO 3 H + + HCO - 3 Kidney regulation The clinical laboratory returns the following arterial blood values for a patient: ph: 7.31 (normal - ph ) plasma HCO 3- : 32 mmol/l (normal mmol/l) plasma PCO 2 : 65 mmhg (normal mmhg) what is this patient s -base disorder? osis/alkalosis? respiratory or metabolic based? 6
7 ph: 7.31 (normal - ph ) plasma HCO - 3 : 32 mmole/l (normal mmol/l) plasma PCO 2 : 65 mmhg (normal mmhg) ph is lower than normal, therefore: Acidosis What is the origin of the osis? Increased PCO 2 implies that it is respiratory based (not clearing out enough CO 2 ) How do the kidneys compensate for osis? CO + H 2 2 O H CO 2 3 HCO H + Bicarbonate reabsorption H + ATPase pumps Na + /H + countertransporters CO + H 2 2 O H CO 2 3 HCO H + 7
8 Bicarbonate creation CO + H 2 2 O H CO 2 3 HCO H + Bicarbonate creation CO + H 2 2 O H CO 2 3 HCO H + NH 3 + H + -> NH 4 + 8
9 ph: 7.31 (normal - ph ) plasma HCO - 3 : 32 mmole/l (normal mmol/l) plasma PCO 2 : 65 mmhg (normal mmhg) Therefore we expect to find in this patient with respiratory osis: Higher plasma HCO 3- (we don t see it! Perhaps the kidneys are not handling this osis well) elevated urine NH 4 + lowered urine ph reduced urine excretion of HCO 3-9
RENAL SYSTEM 2 TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF NEPHRON SEGMENTS Emma Jakoi, Ph.D.
RENAL SYSTEM 2 TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF NEPHRON SEGMENTS Emma Jakoi, Ph.D. Learning Objectives 1. Identify the region of the renal tubule in which reabsorption and secretion occur. 2. Describe the cellular
More information014 Chapter 14 Created: 9:25:14 PM CST
014 Chapter 14 Created: 9:25:14 PM CST Student: 1. Functions of the kidneys include A. the regulation of body salt and water balance. B. hydrogen ion homeostasis. C. the regulation of blood glucose concentration.
More informationPhysio 12 -Summer 02 - Renal Physiology - Page 1
Physiology 12 Kidney and Fluid regulation Guyton Ch 20, 21,22,23 Roles of the Kidney Regulation of body fluid osmolarity and electrolytes Regulation of acid-base balance (ph) Excretion of natural wastes
More informationMODULE 8: URINALYSIS AND ACID BASE BALANCE
MODULE 8: URINALYSIS AND ACID BASE BALANCE This lab involves a tutorial that teaches you how to analyze a urine reagent strip. If you are taking the lab on campus, you will be given the opportunity to
More informationLECTURE 25: FILTRATION AND CLEARANCE NEPHRON FILTRATION
LECTURE 25: FILTRATION AND CLEARANCE NEPHRON FILTRATION 1. Everything in the plasma is filtered except large proteins and red blood cells. The filtrate in Bowman s capsule is an isosmotic fluid that is
More informationHuman Physiology - Problem Drill 17: The Kidneys and Nephronal Physiology
Human Physiology - Problem Drill 17: The Kidneys and Nephronal Physiology Question No. 1 of 10 Instructions: (1) Read the problem statement and answer choices carefully, (2) Work the problems on paper
More informationNephron Function and Urine Formation. Ms. Kula December 1, 2014 Biology 30S
Nephron Function and Urine Formation Ms. Kula December 1, 2014 Biology 30S The Role of the Nephron In order for the body to properly function and maintain homeostasis, the amount of dissolved substances
More informationPhysiology questions review
Physiology questions review 1- The consumption of O2 by the kidney: a- decrease as blood flow increases b- regulated by erythropoiten c- remains constant as blood flow increase d- direct reflects the level
More informationExcretion Chapter 29. The Mammalian Excretory System consists of. The Kidney. The Nephron: the basic unit of the kidney.
Excretion Chapter 29 The Mammalian Excretory System consists of The Kidney 1. Vertebrate kidneys perform A. Ion balance B. Osmotic balance C. Blood pressure D. ph balance E. Excretion F. Hormone production
More informationBCH 450 Biochemistry of Specialized Tissues
BCH 450 Biochemistry of Specialized Tissues VII. Renal Structure, Function & Regulation Kidney Function 1. Regulate Extracellular fluid (ECF) (plasma and interstitial fluid) through formation of urine.
More informationChapter 19 The Urinary System Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
Chapter 19 The Urinary System Fluid and Electrolyte Balance Chapter Outline The Concept of Balance Water Balance Sodium Balance Potassium Balance Calcium Balance Interactions between Fluid and Electrolyte
More informationThe principal functions of the kidneys
Renal physiology The principal functions of the kidneys Formation and excretion of urine Excretion of waste products, drugs, and toxins Regulation of body water and mineral content of the body Maintenance
More informationNephron Structure inside Kidney:
In-Depth on Kidney Nephron Structure inside Kidney: - Each nephron has two capillary regions in close proximity to the nephron tubule, the first capillary bed for fluid exchange is called the glomerulus,
More informationFunctional morphology of kidneys Clearance
Functional morphology of kidneys Clearance Assoc. Prof. MUDr. Markéta Bébarová, Ph.D. Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University This presentation includes only the most important
More information1. remove: waste products: urea, creatinine, and uric acid foreign chemicals: drugs, water soluble vitamins, and food additives, etc.
Making Water! OR is it really Just Water Just Ask the Nephron!! Author: Patricia L. Ostlund ostlundp@faytechcc.edu (910) 678-9892 Fayetteville Technical Community College Fayetteville, NC 28303 Its just
More informationRenal physiology II. Basic renal processes. Dr Alida Koorts BMS
Renal physiology II Basic renal processes Dr Alida Koorts BMS 7-12 012 319 2921 akoorts@medic.up.ac.za Basic renal processes 1. filtration 2. reabsorption 3. secretion Glomerular filtration The filtration
More informationChapter 21. Diuretic Agents. Mosby items and derived items 2008, 2002 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Chapter 21 Diuretic Agents Renal Structure and Function Kidneys at level of umbilicus Each weighs 160 to 175 g and is 10 to 12 cm long Most blood flow per gram of weight in body 22% of cardiac output (CO)
More informationHomeostatic Regulation
Homeostatic Regulation A hormone is :a Water-soluble hormones: Composed of amino acids and bind a receptor protein on the of the target cell. This starts a signal cascade inside the cell and the signal
More informationRenal Physiology II Tubular functions
Renal Physiology II Tubular functions LO. 42, 43 Dr. Kékesi Gabriella Basic points of renal physiology 1. Glomerular filtration (GF) a) Ultrafiltration 2. Tubular functions active and passive a) Reabsorption
More informationRENAL PHYSIOLOGY, HOMEOSTASIS OF FLUID COMPARTMENTS
RENAL PHYSIOLOGY, HOMEOSTASIS OF FLUID COMPARTMENTS (2) Dr. Attila Nagy 2017 TUBULAR FUNCTIONS (Learning objectives 54-57) 1 Tubular Transport About 99% of filtrated water and more than 90% of the filtrated
More informationIntroduction to the kidney: regulation of sodium & glucose. Dr Nick Ashton Senior Lecturer in Renal Physiology Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health
Introduction to the kidney: regulation of sodium & glucose Dr Nick Ashton Senior Lecturer in Renal Physiology Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health Objectives Overview of kidney structure & function Glomerular
More informationVertebrates possess kidneys: internal organs which are vital to ion and water balance and excretion.
The Kidney Vertebrates possess kidneys: internal organs which are vital to ion and water balance and excretion. The kidney has 6 roles in the maintenance of homeostasis. 6 Main Functions 1. Ion Balance
More informationRENAL FUNCTION An Overview
RENAL FUNCTION An Overview UNIVERSITY OF PNG SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES DIVISION OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES DISCIPLINE OF BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY PBL MBBS II SEMINAR VJ. Temple 1 Kidneys
More informationNa + Transport 1 and 2 Linda Costanzo, Ph.D.
Na + Transport 1 and 2 Linda Costanzo, Ph.D. OBJECTIVES: After studying this lecture, the student should understand: 1. The terminology applied to single nephron function, including the meaning of TF/P
More information** TMP mean page 340 in 12 th edition. Questions 1 and 2 Use the following clinical laboratory test results for questions 1 and 2:
QUESTION Questions 1 and 2 Use the following clinical laboratory test results for questions 1 and 2: Urine flow rate = 1 ml/min Urine inulin concentration = 100 mg/ml Plasma inulin concentration = 2 mg/ml
More informationRenal System Dr. Naim Kittana Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences An-Najah National University
Renal System Dr. Naim Kittana Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences An-Najah National University Declaration The content and the figures of this seminar were directly
More informationLab 19 The Urinary System
Lab 19 The Urinary System Laboratory Objectives Identify and describe the micro- and macroscopic anatomy of the kidney. Track the blood flow in and out of the kidney. Compare blood, glomerular filtrate,
More informationUrinary System. Dr. ZHANG Xiong. Dept. of Physiology. ZJU School of Medicine. QUESTION 6
Urinary System Dr. ZHANG Xiong Dept. of Physiology ZJU School of Medicine http://10.71.121.158 Copyright@ Xiong Zhang QUESTION 6 How is the filtrate reabsorbed in tubular system? Copyright@ Xiong Zhang
More informationKidney and urine formation
Kidney and urine formation Renal structure & function Urine formation Urinary y concentration and dilution Regulation of urine formation 1 Kidney and urine formation 1.Renal structure & function 1)General
More informationExcretory Lecture Test Questions Set 1
Excretory Lecture Test Questions Set 1 1. The separation and ejection of metabolic wastes, usually in aqueous solution, is: a. reabsorption b. secretion c. filtration d. excretion e. endocrinology 2. Besides
More informationOsmoregulation and the Excretory System
Honors Biology Study Guide Chapter 25.4 25.10 Name Osmoregulation and the Excretory System FUNCTIONS OF THE EXCRETORY SYSTEM OSMOREGULATION Freshwater: Marine: Land Animals: Sources of Nitrogenous Wastes?
More informationThe Excretory System. Biology 20
The Excretory System Biology 20 Introduction Follow along on page 376 What dangers exist if your body is unable to regulate the fluid balance of your tissues? What challenged would the body have to respond
More informationRENAL PHYSIOLOGY. Physiology Unit 4
RENAL PHYSIOLOGY Physiology Unit 4 Renal Functions Primary Function is to regulate the chemistry of plasma through urine formation Additional Functions Regulate concentration of waste products Regulate
More informationRenal System and Excretion
Renal System and Excretion Biology 105 Lecture 19 Chapter 16 Outline Renal System I. Functions II. Organs of the renal system III. Kidneys 1. Structure 2. Function IV. Nephron 1. Structure 2. Function
More information11/05/1431. Urine Formation by the Kidneys Tubular Processing of the Glomerular Filtrate
Urine Formation by the Kidneys Tubular Processing of the Glomerular Filtrate Chapter 27 pages 327 347 1 OBJECTIVES At the end of this lecture you should be able to describe: Absorptive Characteristics
More informationPhysiology Lecture 2. What controls GFR?
Physiology Lecture 2 Too much blood is received by the glomerular capillaries, this blood contains plasma, once this plasma enters the glomerular capillaries it will be filtered to bowman s space. The
More informationRenal-Related Questions
Renal-Related Questions 1) List the major segments of the nephron and for each segment describe in a single sentence what happens to sodium there. (10 points). 2) a) Describe the handling by the nephron
More informationRenal Physiology. April, J. Mohan, PhD. Lecturer, Physiology Unit, Faculty of Medical Sciences, U.W.I., St Augustine.
Renal Physiology April, 2011 J. Mohan, PhD. Lecturer, Physiology Unit, Faculty of Medical Sciences, U.W.I., St Augustine. Office : Room 105, Physiology Unit. References: Koeppen B.E. & Stanton B.A. (2010).
More informationThe Urinary S. (Chp. 10) & Excretion. What are the functions of the urinary system? Maintenance of water-salt and acidbase
10.1 Urinary system The Urinary S. (Chp. 10) & Excretion 10.1 Urinary system What are the functions of the urinary system? 1. Excretion of metabolic wastes (urea, uric acid & creatinine) 1. Maintenance
More informationFiltration and Reabsorption Amount Filter/d
Renal Physiology 2011 Lisa M. Harrison-Bernard, PhD Contact me at lharris@lsuhsc.edu Renal Physiology Lecture 3 Renal Clearance and Glomerular Filtration Filtration and Reabsorption Amount Filter/d Amount
More informationKD02 [Mar96] [Feb12] Which has the greatest renal clearance? A. PAH B. Glucose C. Urea D. Water E. Inulin
Renal Physiology MCQ KD01 [Mar96] [Apr01] Renal blood flow is dependent on: A. Juxtaglomerular apparatus B. [Na+] at macula densa C. Afferent vasodilatation D. Arterial pressure (poorly worded/recalled
More informationהנפרון. Introduction to Physiology (Course # 72336) THE KINDEY regulation of water and inorganic ions. Adi Mizrahi
Introduction to Physiology (Course # 72336) 1 THE KINDEY regulation of water and inorganic ions Adi Mizrahi mizrahia@cc.huji.ac.il הכליה עקרונות של תפקוד ומבנה בסיסיים 2 הנפרון הכליה רגולציית מים ויונים
More informationRenal System. Renal System. levels of organization. structure - function. homeostatic regulation
Renal System The goal of these lectures is to discuss basic renal physiology. This lecture will present the regulation of H and Ca ions as well as discuss the hormonal and neural regulation of renal function.
More informationAnswers and Explanations
Answers and Explanations 1. The answer is D [V B 4 b]. Distal K + secretion is decreased by factors that decrease the driving force for passive diffusion of K + across the luminal membrane. Because spironolactone
More informationHuman Urogenital System 26-1
Human Urogenital System 26-1 Urogenital System Functions Filtering of blood, Removal of wastes and metabolites Regulation of blood volume and composition concentration of blood solutes ph of extracellular
More informationP215 Spring 2018: Renal Physiology Chapter 18: pp , Chapter 19: pp ,
P215 Spring 2018: Renal Physiology Chapter 18: pp. 504-520, 525-527 Chapter 19: pp. 532-548, 553-560 I. Main Components of the Renal System 1. kidneys 2. ureters 3. urinary bladder 4. urethra 4 Major Functions
More information12/7/10. Excretory System. The basic function of the excretory system is to regulate the volume and composition of body fluids by:
Excretory System The basic function of the excretory system is to regulate the volume and composition of body fluids by: o o removing wastes returning needed substances to the body for reuse Body systems
More informationOutline Urinary System
Urinary System and Excretion Bio105 Lecture Packet 20 Chapter 16 Outline Urinary System I. Function II. Organs of the urinary system A. Kidneys 1. Function 2. Structure B. Urine formation 1. Hormonal regulation
More informationNephron Anatomy Nephron Anatomy
Kidney Functions: (Eckert 14-17) Mammalian Kidney -Paired -1% body mass -20% blood flow (Eckert 14-17) -Osmoregulation -Blood volume regulation -Maintain proper ion concentrations -Dispose of metabolic
More informationRenal Quiz - June 22, 21001
Renal Quiz - June 22, 21001 1. The molecular weight of calcium is 40 and chloride is 36. How many milligrams of CaCl 2 is required to give 2 meq of calcium? a) 40 b) 72 c) 112 d) 224 2. The extracellular
More informationUrine Formation. Urinary Physiology Urinary Section pages Urine Formation. Glomerular Filtration 4/24/2016
Urine Formation Urinary Physiology Urinary Section pages 9-17 Filtrate Blood plasma minus most proteins Urine
More informationHuman Anatomy and Physiology - Problem Drill 23: The Urinary System, Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Balance
Human Anatomy and Physiology - Problem Drill 23: The Urinary System, Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Balance Question No. 1 of 10 Which of the following statements about the functions of the urinary system
More informationTherapeutics of Diuretics
(Last Updated: 08/22/2018) Created by: Socco, Samantha Therapeutics of Diuretics Thambi, M. (2017). The Clinical Use of Diuretics. Lecture presented at PHAR 503 Lecture in UIC College of Pharmacy, Chicago.
More informationApril 08, biology 2201 ch 11.3 excretion.notebook. Biology The Excretory System. Apr 13 9:14 PM EXCRETORY SYSTEM.
Biology 2201 11.3 The Excretory System EXCRETORY SYSTEM 1 Excretory System How does the excretory system maintain homeostasis? It regulates heat, water, salt, acid base concentrations and metabolite concentrations
More informationAcids and Bases their definitions and meanings
Acids and Bases their definitions and meanings Molecules containing hydrogen atoms that can release hydrogen ions in solutions are referred to as acids. (HCl H + Cl ) (H 2 CO 3 H + HCO 3 ) A base is an
More informationMannitol-induced Metabolic Alkalosis
Electrolyte & Blood Pressure :, 00 ) Mannitolinduced Metabolic Alkalosis Kyung Pyo Kang, M.D., Sik Lee, M.D., Kyung Hoon Lee, M.D., and Sung Kyew Kang, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute
More informationPARTS OF THE URINARY SYSTEM
EXCRETORY SYSTEM Excretory System How does the excretory system maintain homeostasis? It regulates heat, water, salt, acid-base concentrations and metabolite concentrations 1 ORGANS OF EXCRETION Skin and
More informationCollin College. BIOL Anatomy & Physiology. Urinary System. Summary of Glomerular Filtrate
Collin College BIOL. 2402 Anatomy & Physiology Urinary System 1 Summary of Glomerular Filtrate Glomerular filtration produces fluid similar to plasma without proteins GFR ~ 125 ml per min If nothing else
More informationQuestions? Homework due in lab 6. PreLab #6 HW 15 & 16 (follow directions, 6 points!)
Questions? Homework due in lab 6 PreLab #6 HW 15 & 16 (follow directions, 6 points!) Part 3 Variations in Urine Formation Composition varies Fluid volume Solute concentration Variations in Urine Formation
More informationFunctions of Proximal Convoluted Tubules
1. Proximal tubule Solute reabsorption in the proximal tubule is isosmotic (water follows solute osmotically and tubular fluid osmolality remains similar to that of plasma) 60-70% of water and solute reabsorption
More informationExcretory System 1. a)label the parts indicated above and give one function for structures Y and Z
Excretory System 1 1. Excretory System a)label the parts indicated above and give one function for structures Y and Z W- X- Y- Z- b) Which of the following is not a function of the organ shown? A. to produce
More informationCh 17 Physiology of the Kidneys
Ch 17 Physiology of the Kidneys Review Anatomy on your own SLOs List and describe the 4 major functions of the kidneys. List and explain the 4 processes of the urinary system. Diagram the filtration barriers
More informationRENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSIS An Overview
RENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSIS An Overview UNIVERSITY OF PNG SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES DISCIPLINE OF BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY PBL MBBS IV VJ. Temple 1 What is Renal Tubular
More informationUrinary System and Excretion. Bio105 Lecture 20 Chapter 16
Urinary System and Excretion Bio105 Lecture 20 Chapter 16 1 Outline Urinary System I. Function II. Organs of the urinary system A. Kidneys 1. Function 2. Structure III. Disorders of the urinary system
More informationCONTROLLING THE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AP BIOLOGY ANIMAL FORM & FUNCTION ACTIVITY #5 NAME DATE HOUR CONTROLLING THE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT KIDNEY AND NEPHRON NEPHRON FUNCTIONS Animal Form & Function Activity #5 page 1 NEPHRON STRUCTURE NEPHRON
More informationD fini n tion: p = = -log [H+] ph=7 me m an s 10-7 Mol M H+ + (100 nmol m /l); ) p ; H=8 me m an s 10-8 Mol M H+ + (10 (10 n nmol m /l) Nor
Definition: ph regulation ph = -log [H + ] ph=7 means 10-7 Mol H + (100 nmol/l); ph=8 means 10 Normal plasma value: 7.35-7.45; 7.45; (H Acidosis: ph7.45 Intracellular ph = 7.1-7.3
More informationLecture 16: The Nephron
Lecture 16: The Nephron Reading: OpenStax A&P Text Chapter 25 Primary functions of the kidneys 1. Regulating osmolarity (blood concentration!) A. Regulating blood pressure B. Maintaining ion balance C.
More informationRENAL PHYSIOLOGY. Danil Hammoudi.MD
RENAL PHYSIOLOGY Danil Hammoudi.MD Functions Regulating blood ionic composition Regulating blood ph Regulating blood volume Regulating blood pressure Produce calcitrol and erythropoietin Regulating blood
More informationPhysiology (4) 2/4/2018. Wael abu-anzeh
Physiology (4) 2/4/2018 Wael abu-anzeh In the previous lectures we have discussed the filtration and the reabsorption processes but in this lecture we will talk about the factor that will regulate or control
More informationChapter 23. Composition and Properties of Urine
Chapter 23 Composition and Properties of Urine Composition and Properties of Urine (1 of 2) urinalysis the examination of the physical and chemical properties of urine appearance - clear, almost colorless
More information1. a)label the parts indicated above and give one function for structures Y and Z
Excretory System 1 1. Excretory System a)label the parts indicated above and give one function for structures Y and Z W- renal cortex - X- renal medulla Y- renal pelvis collecting center of urine and then
More informationACID-BASE BALANCE URINE BLOOD AIR
ACIDBASE BALANCE URINE BLOOD AIR H 2 PO 4 NH 4 HCO 3 KIDNEY H H HCO 3 CELLS Hb H LUNG H 2 CO 3 HHb CO 2 H 2 O ph = 7.4 [HCO 3 ] = 24 meq/l PCO 2 = 40 mm Hg CO 2 PRIMARY RENAL MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN ACIDBASE
More informationIntroduction. Acids, Bases and ph; a review
0 P a g e Introduction In this sheet, we discuss acidbase balance in our body and the role of kidneys in its establishment. Arrangement of topics is different from that of the lecture, to assure consistency
More informationmid ihsan (Physiology ) GFR is increased when A -Renal blood flow is increased B -Sym. Ganglion activity is reduced C-A and B **
(Physiology ) mid ihsan GFR is increased when A -Renal blood flow is increased B -Sym. Ganglion activity is reduced C-A and B ** Colloid pressure in the efferent arteriole is: A- More than that leaving
More informationadam.com (http://www.adam.com/) Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Co (http://www.awl.com/bc) -42-
Graphics are used with permission of : adam.com (http://www.adam.com/) Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Co (http://www.awl.com/bc) -42-74. (1) Carbon dioxide arrives at the kidney tubule cell in the proximal
More informationNa concentration in the extracellular compartment is 140
هللامسب Na regulation: Na concentration in the extracellular compartment is 140 meq\l. Na is important because: -It determines the volume of extracellular fluid : the more Na intake will expand extracellular
More informationosmoregulation mechanisms in gills, salt glands, and kidneys
Ionic & Osmotic Homeostasis osmoregulation mechanisms in gills, salt glands, and kidneys extracellular intracellular 22 23 Salt Secretion: recycle Figure in Box 26.2 Hill et al. 2004 active Down electrochemical
More informationNephrology - the study of the kidney. Urology - branch of medicine dealing with the male and female urinary systems and the male reproductive system
Urinary System Nephrology - the study of the kidney Urology - branch of medicine dealing with the male and female urinary systems and the male reproductive system Functions of the Urinary System 1. Regulation
More informationExcretory Physiology
Excretory Physiology Urine production and eliminations are one of the most important mechanisms of body homeostasis composition of blood is determined more by kidney function than by diet all body systems
More informationUrinary Physiology. Chapter 17 Outline. Kidney Function. Chapter 17
Urinary Physiology Chapter 17 Chapter 17 Outline Structure and Function of the Kidney Glomerular Filtration Reabsorption of Salt and Water Renal Plasma Clearance Renal Control of Electrolyte and Acid-Base
More informationCh 19: The Kidneys. Functional unit of kidneys:?? Developed by John Gallagher, MS, DVM
Ch 19: The Kidneys Homeostatic regulation of ECF volume and BP Osmolarity 290 mosm Ion balance Na+ and K+, etc. ph (acid-base balance Excretion of wastes & foreign substances Hormone production EPO Renin
More informationRenal Physiology - Lectures
Renal Physiology - Lectures Physiology of Body Fluids PROBLEM SET, RESEARCH ARTICLE Structure & Function of the Kidneys Renal Clearance & Glomerular Filtration PROBLEM SET Regulation of Renal Blood Flow
More informationBIPN100 F15 Human Physiology (Kristan) Problem Set #8 Solutions p. 1
BIPN100 F15 Human Physiology (Kristan) Problem Set #8 Solutions p. 1 1. a. Proximal tubule. b. Proximal tubule. c. Glomerular endothelial fenestrae, filtration slits between podocytes of Bowman's capsule.
More informationCopyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 19-1c. Efferent arteriole. Juxtaglomerular apparatus
/6/0 About this Chapter Functions of the Kidneys Anatomy of the urinary system Overview of kidney function Secretion Micturition Regulation of extracellular fluid volume and blood pressure Regulation of
More informationYou should know the T max for any substance that you use and for PAH ; T max = mg / min
Tubular function - What is clearance? o clearance referred to the theoretical volume of plasma from which a substance is cleared ( cleaned ) over a period of time and so its unit would be ((ml/min)) -
More informationRENAL. 6. Renal acid secretion is affected by all of the following except a. pco 2 b. K c. Carbonic anhydrase d. Aldosterone e. Ca
RENAL 1. The reabsorption of Na in the proximal tubules a. Reabsorbs 80% of the filtered sodium load b. Causes increased hypertonicity c. Is powered by N/H ATPase d. Shares a common carrier with glucose
More informationDept. of Physiology. ZJU School of Medicine.
Urinary System Dr. ZHANG Xiong Dept. of Physiology ZJU School of Medicine Http://10.10.10.151/Able.Acc2.Web/Template/View.aspx?action =view&coursetype=0&courseid=26519 QUESTION 6 How is the filtrate reabsorbed
More informationFunctions of the Urinary System
The Urinary System Functions of the Urinary System Elimination of waste products Nitrogenous wastes Toxins Drugs Regulate aspects of homeostasis Water balance Electrolytes Acid-base balance in the blood
More informationChapter 15 Fluid and Acid-Base Balance
Chapter 15 Fluid and Acid-Base Balance by Dr. Jay M. Templin Brooks/Cole - Thomson Learning Fluid Balance Water constitutes ~60% of body weight. All cells and tissues are surrounded by an aqueous environment.
More informationAnatomy/Physiology Study Guide: Unit 9 Excretory System
Anatomy/Physiology Study Guide: Unit 9 Excretory System 1) In the space below, list the primary structures (organs) and their corresponding functions. Structures: Functions: KIDNEY 1) URETER BLADDER URETHRA
More informationPotassium regulation. -Kidney is a major regulator for potassium Homeostasis.
Potassium regulation. -Kidney is a major regulator for potassium Homeostasis. Normal potassium intake, distribution, and output from the body. Effects of severe hyperkalemia Partial depolarization of cell
More informationChapter 44. Regulating the Internal Environment. AP Biology
Chapter 44. Regulating the Internal Environment Homeostasis Living in the world organisms had a choice: regulate their internal environment maintain relatively constant internal conditions conform to the
More informationNORMAL POTASSIUM DISTRIBUTION AND BALANCE
NORMAL POTASSIUM DISTRIBUTION AND BALANCE 98% of body potassium is contained within cells, principally muscle cells, and is readily exchangeable. Only 2% is in ECF. Daily intake exceeds the amount in ECF.
More informationThere are many buffers in the kidney, but the main one is the phosphate buffer.
9 Yanal Obada Zalat Renal Control of AcidBase Balance The kidneys play three major roles in the maintenance of normal acidbase balance: 1excretion of H+ (fixed _non volatile H+) 2Reabsorption of filtrated
More informationRenal System Physiology
M58_MARI0000_00_SE_EX09.qxd 7/18/11 2:37 PM Page 399 E X E R C I S E 9 Renal System Physiology Advance Preparation/Comments 1. Prior to the lab, suggest to the students that they become familiar with the
More informationorgans of the urinary system
organs of the urinary system Kidneys (2) bean-shaped, fist-sized organ where urine is formed. Lie on either sides of the vertebral column, in a depression beneath peritoneum and protected by lower ribs
More informationRunning head: NEPHRON 1. The nephron the functional unit of the kidney. [Student Name] [Name of Institute] Author Note
Running head: NEPHRON 1 The nephron the functional unit of the kidney [Student Name] [Name of Institute] Author Note NEPHRON 2 The nephron the functional unit of the kidney The kidney is an important excretory
More informationURINARY SYSTEM. Primary functions. Major organs & structures
URINARY SYSTEM Primary functions Excretion of metabolic wastes Regulation of water and ion balances Regulation of blood pressure Vitamin D activation Regulation of rbc s (erythropoietin) Gluconeogenesis
More informationBIOLOGY - CLUTCH CH.44 - OSMOREGULATION AND EXCRETION.
!! www.clutchprep.com Osmoregulation regulation of solute balance and water loss to maintain homeostasis of water content Excretion process of eliminating waste from the body, like nitrogenous waste Kidney
More information