Biology, distribution, and insecticide susceptibility status of Florida vectors of Zika virus.
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1 Biology, distribution, and insecticide susceptibility status of Florida vectors of Zika virus. Roxanne Connelly, PhD Professor University of Florida, IFAS Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory Vero Beach, FL
2 What is a container?
3 Mosquito biology
4 1 The Mosquito Life Cycle Eggs 2 3 Larvae Pupa 1 st 4 th Instar 4 Adult Culex nigripalpus Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory
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6 Mosquito biology: variation among species Feeding Type of egg Time of activity Water source for oviposition/larval habitats Length of time to develop through the 4 life stages Number of generations per year Flight range >3500 known
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10 It is during the act of blood feeding that a mosquito becomes infected with a virus or other pathogen
11 What happens after the blood meal? ~3 days to digest the meal Eggs deposited Female mosquito begins to search for another blood meal If the initial blood meal contained virus Virus enters mosquito midgut and begins to increase in number Virus begins to shows up in other parts of the mosquitoes Virus makes it back to the salivary glands
12 What happens after the blood meal? Virus makes it back to the salivary glands This process can take 2 3 weeks (extrinsic incubation) If she bites during this extrinsic incubation time, she is not infective can t pass on the virus After the extrinsic incubation period, she can infect with every bite for the remainder of her life
13 Mosquito borne diseases in Florida Dengue Malaria Yellow Fever Dengue Dog heartworm EEE Malaria SLE 1800s 1900s Chikungunya Dengue Dog heartworm EEE Malaria SLE West Nile Zika 2000s
14 How is it transmitted? Chikungunya, Dengue, and Zika viruses are primarily transmitted by the bite of an infected mosquito The Yellow Fever Mosquito Aedes aegypti The Asian Tiger Mosquito Aedes albopictus
15 Mosquito eggs and water sources Permanent Water Ponds Lakes (edges) Rivers (backwaters) Swamps Standing water Eggs cannot dry out Hatch hours Floodwater Low lying areas of pastures Salt marsh Containers Moist soils Eggs must dry out Sides of containers Future flooding
16 Container Mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are container mosquitoes The larvae are found in containers that hold even very small amounts of water The best way to control these mosquitoes is to clean up around the home by removing containers that can hold water
17 EDIS EDIS is the Electronic Data Information Source of UF/IFAS Extension, a collection of information on topics relevant to you Florida Container Mosquitoes 1 Jorge R. Rey and C. Roxanne Connelly 2
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19 Biology Aedes aegypti Blood meals: Humans Egg to adult = 7 14 days Minimal flight range ( m) Present in US since we began documenting mosquitoes Aedes albopictus Blood meals: Humans & other animals Egg to adult = 7 14 days Minimal flight range ( m) Introduced into US in 1980s
20 Aedes aegypti Aedes albopictus
21 Floodwater eggs Culex Mosquito Ovipositing
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24 Aedes aegypti, the yellow fever mosquito
25 Aedes aegypti
26 Aedes albopictus, the Asian tiger mosquito
27 Aedes albopictus
28 Larval habitats of container mosquitoes
29 Larval habitats of container mosquitoes
30 Larval habitats of container mosquitoes
31 Larval habitats of container mosquitoes
32 Larval habitats of container mosquitoes Bromeliad plants can house container mosquitoes in the water holding tanks
33 Larval habitats of container mosquitoes
34 Larval habitats of container mosquitoes
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36 Daytime biters
37 Distribution of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Florida
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39 Map showing the reported occurrence of Ae. aegypti by county between 1 January 1995 and March 2016 in the United States. Counties shown in yellow had Ae. aegypti presence records for 1 year within the specified time period, those shown in orange had 2 years of presence records within the specified time period, and those shown in red had 3 or more years of presence records within the specified time period. CDC/ Journal of Medical Entomology
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41 The practice of using an insecticide until resistance becomes a limiting factor is rapidly eroding the number of suitable insecticides for vector control. Hemingway and Ranson, 2000
42 Under Florida Department of Health Contract CO064, the University of Florida, IFAS, Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory (FMEL) conducted CDC Insecticide Susceptibility Bottle Bioassays according to protocol provided by Dr. Janet McAllister and the guidelines posted here: for aedes surveillance andinsecticide resistance testing.pdf. First quarter data for Aedes aegypti is reported in this slide set. Insecticide susceptibility status of mosquito populations tested using the CDC Bottle Bioassay is defined by the algorithm shown below:
43 All 3 populations of wild Aedes aegypti that were tested, Indian River, Miami, and Pinellas are resistant to deltamethrin at the CDC diagnostic dose.
44 All 3 populations of wild Aedes aegypti that were tested, Indian River, Miami, and Pinellas are resistant to permethrin at the CDC diagnostic dose.
45 Indian River population of wild Aedes aegypti that was tested is susceptible to naled at the CDC diagnostic dose.
46 Summary of CDC Bottle Bioassay Data from Florida Aedes aegypti October 2016 SITE SPECIES CHEMICAL DOSE DIAGNOSTIC TIME 100% mortality % Mortality at expected diagnostic time STATUS INDIAN RIVER PRICE Aedes aegypti deltamethrin 0.75 ug/bottle 30 min 5% Resistant INDIAN RIVER PRICE Aedes aegypti d phenothrin (sumithrin) 20 UG/bottle 10 min 1% Resistant INDIAN RIVER PRICE Aedes aegypti etofenprox 12.5 ug/bottle 15 min 21% Resistant INDIAN RIVER PRICE Aedes aegypti malathion 400 ug/bottle 15 min 98% Susceptible INDIAN RIVER PRICE Aedes aegypti naled 2.25 ug/bottle 30 min 99% Susceptible INDIAN RIVER PRICE Aedes aegypti permethrin 43 ug/bottle 10 min 18% Resistant Miami DADE Miami Beach Aedes aegypti etofenprox 12.5 ug/bottle 15 min 7% Resistant Miami DADE Miami Beach Aedes aegypti malathion 400 ug/bottle 15 min 92% Developing resistance MIAMI DADE Wynwood Aedes aegypti deltamethrin 0.75 ug/bottle 30 min 29% Resistant MIAMI DADE Wynwood Aedes aegypti d phenothrin (sumithrin) 20 UG/bottle 10 min 0% Resistant MIAMI DADE Wynwood Aedes aegypti malathion 400 ug/bottle 15 min 95% Developing resistance MIAMI DADE Wynwood Aedes aegypti permanone ug/bottle 30 min 9% Resistant MIAMI DADE Wynwood Aedes aegypti permethrin 43 ug/bottle 10 min 0% Resistant PINELLAS 2 Aedes aegypti deltamethrin 0.75 ug/bottle 30 min 21% Resistant PINELLAS 2 Aedes aegypti d phenothrin (sumithrin) 20 UG/bottle 10 min 1% Resistant PINELLAS 2 Aedes aegypti etofenprox 12.5 ug/bottle 15 min 11% Resistant PINELLAS 2 Aedes aegypti malathion 400 ug/bottle 15 min 77% Resistant PINELLAS 2 Aedes aegypti permethrin 43 ug/bottle 10 min 11% Resistant PINELLAS 2 Aedes aegypti prallethrin 120 min 0% Resistant
47 Contact Dr. Roxanne Connelly if you/your students would like to participate in a mosquito egg collection study to assist with determining the distribution of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Florida crr@ufl.edu
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