AP PSYCH Unit 12.1 Abnormal Psychology Anxiety Disorders

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "AP PSYCH Unit 12.1 Abnormal Psychology Anxiety Disorders"

Mabel Cummings
5 years ago
Views:

1 AP PSYCH Unit 12.1 Abnormal Psychology Anxiety Disorders

3 Defining Psychological Disorders

We, too, get anxious, depressed, withdrawn, suspicious, or deluded, just less intensely and

4 Abnormal Psychology At various moments, all of us feel, think or act the same way disturbed people do much of the time. We, too, get anxious, depressed, withdrawn, suspicious, or deluded, just less intensely and more briefly. Some 450 million people world wide suffer psychological disorders. No culture known to man is without some form of psychological disorders.

5 Prevalence of Psychological Disorders In US, mental illness is common Many stats in the book and online prove this

6 ADHD What is ADHD? Is it as heavily diagnosed in Korea as it is in the US? Normal High Energy or Genuine Disorder? Media hype? Big Pharma?

7 Defining Psychological Disorders How do we discern what is normal and abnormal? Abnormal celebrity behavior? What about a soldier who risks his life in war or has to murder many enemies? A mother who cannot return to her normal life 3 months after losing her son?

8 Defining Psychological Disorders Psychological disorders are persistently harmful thoughts, feelings and actions. When behavior is deviant, distressful and dysfunctional, psychologists label it a disorder.

9 Understanding Psychological Disorders In the past: Music or singing was often used to chase away spirits. Cut a hole in the head of the afflicted to let out the evil spirit. Think about how far science & the medical field have come in recent history.

The Medical Model Opposite of demon possession and

disorders are diseases of the mind, like ordinary

10 The Medical Model Opposite of demon possession and brutal treatment of past Medical model: mental disorders are diseases of the mind, like ordinary physical diseases, have causes and require treatment. Illness Must be diagnosed On basis of symptoms Cured through therapy May include treatment in a hospital

Classifying Psychological Disorders: DSM-5 The

Common and concise language for the description

12 Classifying Psychological Disorders: DSM-5 The APA developed the most widely used classification system Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Common and concise language for the description of abnormal psychology Used in diagnosing each of the disorders. Newest edition 2013

Labeling Psychological Disorders Rosenhan Experiment to test the biasing power of labels Conspirators complained of hearing voices, but other than that acted totally normal Clinicians examined their

14 Labeling Psychological Disorders Rosenhan Experiment to test the biasing power of labels Conspirators complained of hearing voices, but other than that acted totally normal Clinicians examined their normal life histories but tried to discover the causes of the disorders such as problems with parents Conspirators said the voices went away, but doctors forced these fake patients to admit they still had problems Surprisingly, the other hospital patients (with true psychological disorders readily detected the lying experimenters)

job, finding a place to live is difficult with a psychological disorder label (just like criminals) MANY stereotypes of psychological

15 Problems with Labeling Langer study Had people watch videos of other people When told they were watching job applicants, perceived them as normal When told they were watching psychiatric patients (but same job applicant people), they were perceived as different Getting a job, finding a place to live is difficult with a psychological disorder label (just like criminals) MANY stereotypes of psychological disorder in the media Self-fulfilling prophecies if people call you crazy and treat you like a crazy person, you believe it and then act out

16 Anxiety Disorders But first, remember, don t do this:

impairs functioning it might be a disorder Anxiety Disorders psychological disorders marked by

17 Anxiety heart rate, blood pressure Sweating Rapid breathing, dry mouth Sense of dread, uneasiness, trembling, nervousness Some anxiety is normal but so intense & long-lasting that impairs functioning it might be a disorder Anxiety Disorders psychological disorders marked by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety 5 anxiety disorders Anxiety Disorders

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) GAD anxiety disorder

and in a state of autonomic nervous arousal Excessive &

) anxiety, not focused on any particular object or

18 Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) GAD anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous arousal Excessive & long-lasting (~6 mo.) anxiety, not focused on any particular object or situation ( free-floating anxiety ) Feel disaster is about to happen, jumpy, irritable, can t sleep

Panic Disorder Panic Disorder: Recurring, terrifying

Unpredictable Minutes-long episodes of intense dread in

symptoms: Intense heart palpitations Pressure or pain

19 Panic Disorder Panic Disorder: Recurring, terrifying panic attacks Without warning or obvious cause Unpredictable Minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror Some physiological symptoms: Intense heart palpitations Pressure or pain in chest Dizziness, feeling faint Sweating Mistaken for heart attack

20 Phobias Phobias - An intense, irrational fear of an object or situation that does not objectively justify such a reaction Usually realize fear is pointless, but anxiety persists May greatly interfere with daily life Agoraphobia

ritualistic, repetitive behaviors or actions i.e., washing, counting, checking, arranging, etc.

21 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Obsessions plagued by persistent, upsetting, unwanted thoughts Such as infection, contamination, causing harm to self/others Compulsions ritualistic, repetitive behaviors or actions i.e., washing, counting, checking, arranging, etc. Interferes w/ daily life (>1 hr/day) Derive no pleasure recognize as irrational Onset: adolescence

Characteristic reactions: Anxiety, depression, irritability, jumpiness, inability to concentrate, sexual dysfunction,

23 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) PTSD - Pattern of adverse and disruptive reactions following a traumatic and threatening event i.e., war, natural disasters, assaults, abuse, accidents, etc. Characteristic reactions: Anxiety, depression, irritability, jumpiness, inability to concentrate, sexual dysfunction, difficulty getting along w/ others, sleep disturbances, intense startle responses, suppressed immune system, nightmares, flashbacks May last months, years, decades

24 Explaining Anxiety Disorders Freud suggested that we repress our painful and intolerable ideas, feelings, and thoughts, resulting in anxiety. 2 contemporary perspectives: Learning & biological

thunderstorm or car crash, now afraid of storms or cars Generalization bit by a dog, now

25 The Learning Perspective Fear conditioning leads to anxiety. Classical or operant conditioning EX: Associating a painful experience with a thunderstorm or car crash, now afraid of storms or cars Generalization bit by a dog, now afraid of all dogs Reinforcement avoiding or escaping new feared stimuli helps us feel better, maintaining the new phobia or fear

26 The Learning Perspective Investigators believe that fear responses are inculcated through observational learning. Young monkeys develop fear when they watch other monkeys who are afraid of snakes.

The Biological Perspective Natural Selection has led our ancestors to learn to fear certain things to preserve the species. Twin studies = genes may be partly responsible.

27 The Biological Perspective Natural Selection has led our ancestors to learn to fear certain things to preserve the species. Twin studies = genes may be partly responsible. Twins are more likely to share phobias. Generalized anxiety, panic attacks, and even OCD are linked with brain circuits like the anterior cingulate cortex. Anterior Cingulate Cortex of an OCD patient. -increased brain activity

Biopsychosocial Approach. considers combination of biological, psychological, and social factors as contributing to development of disorders

Biopsychosocial Approach. considers combination of biological, psychological, and social factors as contributing to development of disorders Early Theories Abnormal behavior was evil spirits trying to get out, godlike powers, movement of stars Treatments: institutionalized, castration, drilling holes in skull, transfusion of animal blood, and