Unit 8: Digestion. Mr. Nagel Meade High School
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1 Unit 8: Digestion Mr. Nagel Meade High School
2 Think What organs are involved with digestion? Are there any foods that your body may be incapable of processing? Are all foods broken down in the same location? If yes, state which organ. If no, provide evidence. How long does the process of digestion take in a human?
3 IB Syllabus Statements Explain why digestion of large food molecules is essential Explain the need for enzymes in digestion State the source, substrate, products and optimum ph conditions for one amylase, one protease and one lipase Draw and label a diagram of the digestive system Outline the function of the stomach, small intestine and large intestine Distinguish between absorption and assimilation Explain how the structure of the villus is related to its role in absorption and transport of the products of digestion.
4 Enzymes Why do we need to break down food? - Food consists of large molecules that are insoluble. - In order to be absorbed into the blood, it must be broken down! What would we use to accomplish this task? - Enzymes accelerate the chemical reactions (lower E a ) necessary to perform hydrolysis in order to degrade macromolecules into soluble sizes. - [More energy = higher body temperature] - Enzymes designed for this purpose work best at natural body temperature.
5 Enzymes Enzymes that assist in digestion (in order of appearance) Salivary Amylase Pepsin Renin Trypsin, Chymotrypsin, and other Peptidases Pancreatic Amylase Pancreatic Lipase Lactase Enzymes are classified by task Amylases (break down starches into Sugar) Proteases (break down proteins into Amino Acids Lipases (break down fats into Fatty Acids and Glycerol Nucleases (break down nucleic acids into Nucleotides
6 Research: Enzymes Amylase Protease Lipase (1)Salivary Amylase (3)Pepsin (6)Pancreatic Lipase (2)Pancreatic Amylase (4)Trypsin (5)Chymotrypsin For each enzyme identify its: Source Substrate Product Optimum ph
7 Enzymes Salivary Amylase Mouth; Starch; Smaller Sugars; Pancreatic Amylase Pancreas; Starch; Maltose; 6.9 Pepsin Stomach; Polypetides; Peptides; Trypsin Pancreas; Polypetides; Peptides; Chymotrypsin Pancreas; Polypetides; Peptides; 7.9 Pancreatic Lipase Pancreas; Triglyceride; Glycerol+FA Chains; 8.0
8 Structure
9 Structure
10 Structure
11 Modeling the Digestive System Each group needs to construct one of the following organs: (1)Stomach (2)Liver (3)Gallbladder (4)Pancreas (5)Small Intestine (6)Large Intestine Using the streamers and organs, assemble the digestive system on the floor as a class!
12 Mouth Esophagus Stomach Small Intestine Duodenum Jejunum Ilium Large Intestine Cecum Rectum Function
13 Food Types Follow the path of the following foods: Hamburger Salad Fruit Pizza
14 Absorption vs. Assimilation What does it mean to Absorb? Assimilate? Absorption: Soluble products enter the blood stream by way of the epithelial cells of the small intestine. Assimilation: Soluble products are absorbed into cells and tissues via their delivery by the circulatory system.
15 Surface Area is Key Villi and infolds of the small intestine increase rate of absorption (a) Folds increase SA:VOL by 3x s (b) Villi increase SA by 10x s (c) Microvilli increase SA by another 10x s Total: 300x s the absorption power!!! Network of blood vessels carry nutrients away
16 Assessment Questions What are the major organs involved in human digestion? Which would you consider to be the primary organ of digestion? Why? What are the major enzymes involved in human digestion, and where are they found? What foods do they break down? What purpose do the villi and folds of the intestine serve in absorption?
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