Microstructure and function of the thyroid gland may relate to feed efficiency in the bovine

Transcription

1 Microstructure and function of the thyroid gland may relate to feed efficiency in the bovine J. Ormon 1, S. Bourgon 1, J. Munro 1, A. Macdonald 2, S. Lam 2, S. Miller 2,3, Y. Montanholi

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5 Repro Rumen Calorimetry Immune Metabolomics Heart BIOLOGICAL BASIS OF FEED EFFICIENCY 5

6 Outline Thyroid hormones: simple examples Oestrous detection Liver abscess detection Feed efficiency & spot sampling Thyroid hormones: complex examples Circadian patterns (T3 & T4) Other organs and tissue structure g 6

7 Simple examples Thyroid hormones: simple examples Oestrous detection Liver abscess detection Feed efficiency & spot sampling 7

8 Certainty of oestrous Oestrous detection T3: Major indicator of oestrous Logistic regression 92% of certainty ALP AST BHBA CK T3 Blood plasma analyte Crane et al (2016), Reproduction in Domestic Animals, in press 8

9 Session # 70 Biological characterization of the estrous cycle in lactating Holstein cows Y. Montanholi 1, S. Bourgon 1, A. Macdonald 2, P. Park 2, S. Lam 2, M. Kozak 2, B. Potvin 2, K. Colliver 2, L. Haas 2, A. Rocha 2, S. Miller 2,

10 Liver abscess detection T4: indicator of liver abscess? Poor performance: Reduced FG & ADG Analyte Abscessed Normal P T3 (nmol/l) T4 (nmol/l) Glucose (mmol/l) Cholesterol (mmol/l) Albumin (g/l) Macdonald et al (2016), Veterinary Record Open, in press 10

11 Feed efficiency & spot sampling Feed efficiency determination: residual feed intake (RFI) Koch et al 1963: Feed intake = BW + BW variation 11

12 Feed efficiency & spot sampling RFI determination: growing cattle Owens et al Feed intake = BW + Bw variation + Backfat + Marbling + Rump_fat + Ribeye Montanholi et al (2009), Livestock Science, 125:

13 Feed efficiency & spot sampling RFI determination: growing and pregnant cattle NRC Beef, Montanholi et al (2015), JAS Biotec., 6:27. Feed intake = BW + Bw variation + Backfat + Marbling + Rump_fat + Ribeye + Age + Gestation Gonano et al (2014), Animal, 10:

14 Feed efficiency & spot sampling RFI and T3: grass-fed replacement heifers Traits Efficient Inefficient P RFI (kg/d) Feed to Gain ADG (kg/d) Body weight (kg) Rib-eye (cm 2 ) Backfat (mm) Crane et al (2016b), Animal Production Science, in review d on test, every 28 d

15 Feed efficiency & spot sampling RFI and T3: grass-fed replacement heifers Traits P T3 (nmol/l) Mean cell hemoglobin (pg) Red blood cell count (10 6 cells/ul) Crane et al (2016b), Animal Production Science, in review. 15

16 Feed efficiency & spot sampling RFI and T3: grain-fed young bulls on-farm No difference: T4 16 Bourgon et al (2016), Livestock Science, in review.

17 Feed efficiency & spot sampling Transportation and non-routine handling effects Analyte On-farm Slaughter P Creatine kinase (U/L) Cortisol (ng/ml) IGF-1 (ng/ml) Osmolality (mmol/l) T3 (nmol/l) T4 (nmol/l) Bourgon et al (2016), Livestock Science, in review. 17

18 Complex examples Thyroid hormones: complex examples Circadian patterns (T3 & T4) Other organs and tissue structure 18

19 Circadian patterns T3 and T4: physiological state and feed efficiency puberty early pregnancy late pregnancy 19

20 Circadian patterns T3 by physiological state a b c

21 Circadian patterns T4 by physiological state a b b

22 Circadian patterns Feed efficiency & T3 by physiological state PUBERTY a b 23

23 Circadian patterns Feed efficiency & T3 by physiological state b a EARLY PREGNANCY b a LATE PREGNANCY 24

24 Circadian patterns Feed efficiency & T4 by physiological state PUBERTY 25

25 Circadian patterns Feed efficiency & T4 by physiological state b a EARLY PREGNANCY b a LATE PREGNANCY 26

26 Circadian patterns T3 & T4: oxygen consumption LATE PREGNANCY 27

27 Circadian patterns T3: oxygen consumption LATE PREGNANCY 28

28 Circadian patterns T3 and oxygen consumption b a LATE PREGNANCY b a 29

29 Relationships with liver O 2 LATE PREGNANCY 30

30 Relationships with liver O 2 Oxygen probe Water heater Chamber LoggerPro Stirrer 31

31 Relationships with liver O 2 T3 and oxygen consumption LATE PREGNANCY a b 2.54 μmol/min/g DM T3 O μmol/min/g DM T4 r

32 Relationships with radiant heat Infrared thermography 33

33 Relationships with radiant heat T4 and thermographs T4 34

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36 Other organs & tissue structure TSH T4 T3 37

37 Other organs & tissue structure Heart physiology & structure research 38

38 Other organs & tissue structure The feed inefficient cattle heart Structure: Lower R-ventricle weight Thinner R-ventricle wall Larger myocyte width Function: Increased resting heart rate Diminished stroke volume Larger blood volume Munro et al (2016), MSc Thesis. 39

39 Other organs & tissue structure Thyroid hormones & heart structure and function T3 Blood volume Myocyte width A B Sarcomere length TSH 1000x 40

40 Other organs & tissue structure Thyroid hormones and heart rate overnight TSH T T4 ns Munro et al (2016), Animal, 1:

41 Other organs & tissue structure Thyroid hormones & HR during transport and slaughter TSH ns ns T3 ns ns T

42 Other organs & tissue structure Thyroid hormones & blood cells T4 T red TSH white T3 T4 TSH 0.40 ns

43 Other organs & tissue structure 44

44 Other organs & tissue structure Fontoura et al (2015), Animal, 10:96-105; Bourgon et al (2015), EAAP.

45 Other organs & tissue structure Thyroid hormones & sexual development 0.35 pixels T3 TSH T Higher pixel intensity Fontoura et al (2015), Animal, 10:

46 Other organs & tissue structure Thyroid hormones & sexual development 200x 200x 200x Immature Reaching Maturity Mature 0.40 T Bourgon et al (2016), AAAA. 47 Epididymis corpus

47 Other organs & tissue structure Thyroid hormones & semen quality Journal of Dairy Science,1961, 44: Head Defect Mid-Piece Defect Loose Head Proximal Droplet 0.28 Spermatogenesis Tail Defect T3 T days 48

48 Other organs & tissue structure 49

49 Other organs & tissue structure Pituitary gland histomorphometry Anterior pituitary Mucoid wedge Posterior pituitary 50

50 Other organs & tissue structure Pituitary gland histomorphometry Anterior pituitary Posterior pituitary P = 0.04 P = % 62% Acidophils 17% 12% Basophils Immunostaining 51

51 Other organs & tissue structure Thyroid gland histomorphometry Cell metrics: Cell area & perimeter Nuclei area & perimeter Cell height Lumen Follicle 1000x 40x Follicle average size Epithelial cell 52

52 Other organs & tissue structure Thyroid gland histomorphometry NS TSH 0.57 T4 NS 0.44 Cell/nuclei NS T3 NS NS NS 1000x 1000x 40x Nuclei area Cell area 53 Follicle size

53 Other organs & tissue structure Thyroid histomorphometry and hormones by RFI groups Traits P T3 (nmol/l) T4 (nmol/l) TSH (ng/ml) T4 TSH T3 Traits P Follicle size (μm 2 ) Cell size (μm 2 ) Nuclei size (μm 2 ) Cell : nuclei ratio

54 Other organs & tissue structure More on histomorphometry and feed efficiency High-RFI Low-RFI P value Number of cells Size of the cells Duodenum Ileum Duodenum Ileum Montanholi et al (2013), Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 55:9.

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56 Remarks Productive performance Support to other disciplines Reproduction Welfare Health REFINED PHENOTYPES PHYSIOLOGY Multi-stream & Multidisciplinary TECHNOLOGIES 57

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