ab HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor Screening Kit (Fluorometric)
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1 Version 1 Last updated 2 March 2017 ab HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor Screening Kit (Fluorometric) For the rapid, sensitive and accurate screening of potential HIV-1 Protease inhibitors. This product is for research use only and is not intended for diagnostic use. Copyright 2017 Abcam. All rights reserved
2 Table of Contents 1. Overview 1 2. Protocol Summary 2 3. Precautions 3 4. Storage and Stability 3 5. Limitations 4 6. Materials Supplied 4 7. Materials Required, Not Supplied 5 8. Technical Hints 6 9. Reagent Preparation Sample Preparation Assay Procedure Calculations Typical Data Quick Assay Procedure Troubleshooting Notes 15 Copyright 2017 Abcam. All rights reserved
3 1. Overview HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor Screening Kit (Fluorometric) (ab211106) provides a rapid, simple test suitable for high-throughput screening of HIV-1 Protease inhibitors. The assay is based on the ability of active HIV-1 protease to cleave a synthetic peptide substrate to release a free fluorophore, which can be easily quantified using a fluorescence microplate reader. In the presence of a HIV-1 Protease inhibitor, the cleavage of the substrate is reduced/abolished, resulting in decrease or total loss of the fluorescence. This simple and high-throughput adaptable assay kit can be used to screen/study/characterize potential inhibitors of HIV-1 Protease. Fl Substrate HIV-1 protease Cleaved substrate (Fluorescence Ex/Em = 330/450 nm) Fl Substrate HIV-1 protease Decrease in fluorescence/ + Inhibitor No fluorescence Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the cause of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). HIV-1 protease is a retroviral aspartyl protease (retropepsin) that is essential for the life-cycle of the virus as it cleaves newly synthesized polyproteins at the appropriate places to create the mature protein components of an infectious HIV virion. Without effective HIV-1 protease, HIV virions remain non-infectious. ab HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor Screening Kit (Fluorometric) 1
4 2. Protocol Summary Screening compound & controls preparation Enzyme and substrate solution preparation Add enzyme solution to wells. Incubate for 15 minutes at RT Add substrate solution to wells Measure fluorescence at Ex/Em = 330/450 nm in kinetic mode for 1 3 hours at 37 C *For kinetic mode detection, incubation time given in this summary is for guidance only ab HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor Screening Kit (Fluorometric) 2
5 3. Precautions Please read these instructions carefully prior to beginning the assay. All kit components have been formulated and quality control tested to function successfully as a kit. We understand that, occasionally, experimental protocols might need to be modified to meet unique experimental circumstances. However, we cannot guarantee the performance of the product outside the conditions detailed in this protocol booklet. Reagents should be treated as possible mutagens and should be handled with care and disposed of properly. Please review the Safety Datasheet (SDS) provided with the product for information on the specific components. Observe good laboratory practices. Gloves, lab coat, and protective eyewear should always be worn. Never pipette by mouth. Do not eat, drink or smoke in the laboratory areas. All biological materials should be treated as potentially hazardous and handled as such. They should be disposed of in accordance with established safety procedures. 4. Storage and Stability Store kit at -80 C in the dark immediately upon receipt. Kit has a storage time of 1 year from receipt, providing components have not been reconstituted. Refer to list of materials supplied for storage conditions of individual components. Observe the storage conditions for individual prepared components in the Materials Supplied section. Aliquot components in working volumes before storing at the recommended temperature. Note: Reconstituted components are stable for 2 months. ab HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor Screening Kit (Fluorometric) 3
6 5. Limitations Assay kit intended for research use only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. Do not mix or substitute reagents or materials from other kit lots or vendors. Kits are QC tested as a set of components and performance cannot be guaranteed if utilized separately or substituted. 6. Materials Supplied Item Quantity Storage temperatur e (Before prep) Storage temperatur e (After prep) HIV-1 Protease Assay Buffer 25 ml -80 C -20 C HIV-1 Protease Dilution Buffer 1 ml -80 C -20 C HIV-1 Protease Substrate 200 µl -80 C -80 C HIV-1 Protease 2 x 1 vials -80 C -80 C HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor (1 mm Pepstatin A in DMSO) 20 µl -80 C -80 C ab HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor Screening Kit (Fluorometric) 4
7 7. Materials Required, Not Supplied These materials are not included in the kit, but will be required to successfully perform this assay: Microplate reader capable of measuring fluorescence at Ex/Em = 330/450 nm Pipettes and pipette tips, including multi-channel pipette Assorted glassware for the preparation of reagents and buffer solutions Tubes for the preparation of reagents and buffer solutions 96 well plate with clear flat bottom, preferably white ab HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor Screening Kit (Fluorometric) 5
8 8. Technical Hints This kit is sold based on number of tests. A test simply refers to a single assay well. The number of wells that contain sample, control or standard will vary by product. Review the protocol completely to confirm this kit meets your requirements. Please contact our Technical Support staff with any questions. Selected components in this kit are supplied in surplus amount to account for additional dilutions, evaporation, or instrumentation settings where higher volumes are required. They should be disposed of in accordance with established safety procedures. Avoid foaming or bubbles when mixing or reconstituting components. Avoid cross contamination of samples or reagents by changing tips between sample and reagent additions. Ensure plates are properly sealed or covered during incubation steps. Ensure all reagents and solutions are at the appropriate temperature before starting the assay. Make sure all necessary equipment is switched on and set at the appropriate temperature. ab HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor Screening Kit (Fluorometric) 6
9 9. Reagent Preparation Briefly centrifuge small vials at low speed prior to opening. 9.1 HIV-1 Protease Assay Buffer (25 ml): Ready to use as supplied. Equilibrate to room temperature before use. Store at -20 C. 9.2 HIV-1 Protease Dilution Buffer (1 ml): Ready to use as supplied. Equilibrate to room temperature before use. Store at -20 C. 9.3 HIV-1 Protease Substrate (200 µl): Ready to use as supplied. Equilibrate to room temperature before use. Aliquot substrate so that you have enough volume to perform the desired number of assays. Store at -80 C. 9.4 HIV-1 Protease: To each vial of HIV-1 Protease, add 70 µl of HIV-1 Protease Dilution Buffer as needed. Aliquot enzyme so that you have enough volume to perform the desired number of assays. Store at -80 C. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw. Use within two months. 9.5 HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor (1 mm Pepstatin A in DMSO) (20 µl): Ready to use as supplied. Ready to use as supplied. Warm by placing in a 37 C bath for 1 5 min to thaw the DMSO solution before use. Note: DMSO tends to be solid when stored below -20 C, even when left at room temperature, so it needs to melt for a few minutes at 37 C. Repeat this step every time probe is needed. Aliquot inhibitor so that you have enough volume to perform the desired number of assays. Store at -80 C. ab HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor Screening Kit (Fluorometric) 7
10 10. Sample Preparation General sample information: Always prepare a fresh set of samples and controls for every use Screening Compounds: Dissolve test compounds into proper solvent Dilute to 10X the desired test concentration with HIV-1 Protease Assay Buffer before use. Note: We suggest using different concentrations of test compounds if effective concentration is unknown. ab HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor Screening Kit (Fluorometric) 8
11 11. Assay Procedure Equilibrate all materials and prepared reagents to room temperature prior to use. We recommend that you assay all controls and samples in duplicate. Note: Preferred final solvent concentration should not be more than 5% by volume. If solvent exceeds 5%, include solvent control to test the effect of the solvent on enzyme activity Set up Reaction wells: Screening sample compound wells (S) = 10 µl test compounds. Inhibitor Control wells (IC) = 1 µl Pepstatin A + 9 µl HIV-1 Protease Assay Buffer. Enzyme Control wells (EC) = 10 µl HIV-1 Protease Assay Buffer. OPTIONAL: Solvent control (SC) = 10 µl solvent Incubate plate at room temperature for 15 minutes Prepare HIV-1 Protease Enzyme Solution: Prepare 80 μl of enzyme solution for each reaction. Mix enough reagents for the number of assays to be performed. Prepare a master mix to ensure consistency. Component HIV-1 Protease Solution (µl) HIV-1 Protease Assay Buffer 78 Reconstituted HIV-1 Protease solution Mix well and add 80 μl/well into each well. 2 ab HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor Screening Kit (Fluorometric) 9
12 11.4 HIV-1 Protease Substrate Solution: Prepare 10 µl of the Substrate Solution mix for each reaction. Mix enough reagents for the number of assays to be performed. Prepare a master mix to ensure consistency. Component HIV-1 Protease Substrate Mix (µl) HIV-1 Protease Assay Buffer 8 HIV-1 Protease Substrate Mix and add 10 µl of HIV-1 Protease Substrate Solution into each well. Mix well Measurement: Measure immediately fluorescence at Ex/Em = 330/450 nm on a microplate reader in kinetic mode for 1-3 hours at 37 C protected from light. ab HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor Screening Kit (Fluorometric) 10
13 12. Calculations Use only the linear rate for calculation Plot readings for each sample test compound (S), inhibitor control (IC) and enzyme control (EC) Draw the line of the best fit to construct the curve (most plate reader software or Excel can do this step). Calculate the trend line equation (use the equation that provides the most accurate fit) Choose two points (T1 and T2) in the linear range of the plot and obtain the corresponding values for the absorbance (RFU1 and RFU2) Calculate Slope (ΔRFU/ΔT) for all samples (S), Enzyme Control (EC) and Inhibitor control (IC), if desired, as follows: ΔRFU/ΔT = (OD2 ODU1)/ (T2 T1) 12.5 Average the slope for each duplicate reading Calculate the % Relative Inhibitions as follows: % Relative Inhibition = Slope of EC Slope of S Slope of EC x 100 Note: Irreversible inhibitors that inhibit HIV-1 Protease activity completely at the tested concentration will have ΔRFU = 0 and thus % Relative Inhibition will be 100%. Note: If RFU of SC < RFU of EC = make a higher stock of test inhibitor, or dissolve the inhibitor in lower concentration of the solvent; or use a different solvent if possible. If RFU of S < RFU of EC = treat as 100% inhibition and further dilute the test inhibitor and repeat the assay. ab HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor Screening Kit (Fluorometric) 11
14 13. Typical Data Data provided for demonstration purposes only. Figure 1. Typical inhibition curve of HIV-1 Protease activity by the protease inhibitor Pepstatin A (IC 50 = 1.6 µm) Assay was performed following the kit protocol. ab HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor Screening Kit (Fluorometric) 12
15 14. Quick Assay Procedure Note: this procedure is provided as a quick reference for experienced users. Follow the detailed procedure when performing the assay for the first time. Reconstitute enzyme (aliquot if necessary) and thaw components; get equipment ready. Prepare test compounds in suitable solvents; dilute if appropriate. Prepare HIV-1 Protease Solution (80 µl/well) by adding 2 µl of human Reconstituted HIV-1 Protease Solution to 78 µl of HIV-1 Protease Assay Buffer. Prepare a mix for all wells. Prepare HIV-1 Protease Substrate Solution (10 µl/well) by adding 2 µl of HIV-1 Protease Substrate to 8 µl of HIV-1 Protease Assay Buffer. Prepare a mix for all wells. Set up plate as follows: Component Sample (S) (µl) Solvent control (SC) (µl) Enzyme Control (EC) (µl) Inhibitor Control (IC) (µl) Test Compound HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor (Pepstatin A) Solvent test compound Assay Buffer Incubate plate at RT 15 minutes Add 80 µl HIV-1 Protease Solution Add 10 µl HIV-1 Protease Substrate Measure plate in a fluorescence microplate reader at Ex/Em= 330/450 nm in kinetic mode for 1 3 hours at 37 C. ab HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor Screening Kit (Fluorometric) 13
16 15. Troubleshooting Problem Reason Solution Assay not working Assay with erratic readings No fluorescence above background in inhibitor wells No inhibition seen in test compound wells Use of ice-cold buffer Plate read at incorrect wavelength Use of a different microplate Pipetting errors Air bubbles formed in well Inhibitor concentration is too high Inhibitor concentration is not high enough Compound is not an inhibitor Buffers must be at assay temperature Check the wavelength and filter settings of instrument Colorimetric: clear plates Fluorometric: black wells/clear bottom plates Luminometric: white wells/clear bottom plates Avoid pipetting small volumes (< 5 µl) and prepare a master mix whenever possible Pipette gently against the wall of the tubes Reduce concentration of inhibitor and re-do assay Increase concentration of inhibitor and re-do assay Use another compound for your test ab HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor Screening Kit (Fluorometric) 14
17 16. Notes ab HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor Screening Kit (Fluorometric) 15
18 ab HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor Screening Kit (Fluorometric) 16
19 ab HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor Screening Kit (Fluorometric) 17
20 Technical Support Copyright 2017 Abcam, All Rights Reserved. The Abcam logo is a registered trademark. All information / detail is correct at time of going to print. Austria wissenschaftlicherdienst@abcam.com France supportscientifique@abcam.com Germany wissenschaftlicherdienst@abcam.com Spain soportecientifico@abcam.com Switzerland technical@abcam.com Deutsch: Français: UK, EU and ROW technical@abcam.com +44(0) Canada ca.technical@abcam.com US and Latin America us.technical@abcam.com Asia Pacific hk.technical@abcam.com (852) China cn.technical@abcam.com Japan technical@abcam.co.jp +81-(0) Singapore sg.technical@abcam.com Australia au.technical@abcam.com +61-(0) New Zealand nz.technical@abcam.com +64-(0) Copyright 2017 Abcam. All rights reserved
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