STARCH-G-PLA IN ONE POT PROCESS: THE USE AS A COMPATIBILIZER FOR PLA/TPS BLENDS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF EXTERNAL STIMULI RESPONSIVE FIBER
|
|
- Clara Kelly
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 STARCH-G-PLA IN ONE POT PROCESS: THE USE AS A COMPATIBILIZER FOR PLA/TPS BLENDS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF EXTERNAL STIMULI RESPONSIVE FIBER Nathapol Chinivirojsatian a, Autchara Pangon c, Suwabun Chirachanchai* a,b a The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand b Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand c National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Bangkok, Thailand ABSTRACT Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is the most feasible biodegradable plastic to be substituted the commodity plastic. However, the limitation are cost and mechanical properties. Starch is a polysaccharide which is inexpensive and renewable. The way to apply starch in plastic products is to modify it to be thermoplastic starch (TPS) by adding glycerol as a plasticizer. TPS can be molten and the price is cheap, it is an ideal candidate additive to reduce cost. TPS was considered as additive for PLA to overcome the brittleness. Therefore, this work proposes the synthesis of starch-g-pla and fabrication of external stimuli responsive fiber. To our idea, starch-g-pla act as a macro-initiator for lactide ring opening polymerization. Moreover starch-g-pla provides the hydroxyl groups to further functionalization with responsive molecule. Here, an introduction of pyrene fluorophore is considered. The present work demonstrate the starch-g-pla functionalized with pyrene is further electrospun to obtain responsive PLA nanofiber. The presentation will include the preparation of starch-g-pla to use as a compatibilizer in PLA/TPS blending and the electrospining to obtain nanofiber with fluorescence responsive properties. *csuwabun@chula.ac.th INTRODUCTION Nowadays, the renewable and biodegradable polymers are attractive materials due to the environmental concerns. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a biodegradable polymer which is comparable to commodity thermoplastics in terms of large scale production, good processibility and high strength, However, PLA has limitations in cost and mechanical properties. Therefore, their developments of PLA are mostly related to the cost reduction and mechanical properties improvement especially brittleness. Starch is a natural abundance polysaccharide which is inexpensive and renewable biopolymer. Thermoplastic starch (TPS) is a form of starch that is plasticized with H-bond formable species, e.g. glycerol to process it as a thermoplastic materials. Thus, TPS is an ideal candidate as an organic additive to reduce cost and improve toughness (Yang et al., 2015). In fact, the improvement of mechanical properties is related to miscibility of blend. But, the direct blend of PLA and TPS causes phase seperation due to thermodynamically immiscible (Longberg et al., 2006). This results in poor mechanical properties of the blend in term of low elongation at break and brittleness materials. To reduce phase separation, modification Petrochemical and Materials Technology Tuesday May 23, 2017, Pathumwan Princess Hotel, Bangkok, Thailand Page 1
2 of starch or addition of compatibilizers were considered, for examples, the introducing of silane into starch (Jariyasakoolroj et al., 2014), adding of maleic anhydride (Carlson et al., 1999), and adding of starch-g-pla (Chen et al., 2005). Starch-g-PLA is a potential compatibilizer of PLA/TPS blending due to a presence of both characteristics of PLA and starch. In the past, starch-g-pla was prepared by preswelling of starch and then ringopening polymerization of lactide (Chen et al., 2005). However, the multi-step preparation of starch-g-pla is not suitable for large scale production due to the cost and difficulty of solvent removal. Therefore, this work proposes the synthesis of starch-g-pla in one pot reaction without solvent. In our idea, starch-g-pla will be considered in the pathway of lactide ring opening by initiation of hydroxyl group of starch in the presence of tin(ii) octoate catalyst in melt process. Moreover, the use of grafting of PLA on starch via ring opening polymerization of lactide not only potentially improves compatibility between those two polymers but also simultaneously provide available hydroxyl groups for further modifications to use as high value added products Pyrene is a fluorphore used as fluorescent probe to monitor change in physical properties and/or chemical structure of a system. It comes to our view points that starch-g-pla with pyrene labelling will show thermal and humidity response. PLA is responsible for thermal transitions whereas starch is responsible for swelling/shrinking transition. This work proposes an approach to create stimuli-responsive nanofiber from starch-g-pla, and trace its transition in response to external stimuli (temperature and moisture) by labelling with pyrene. This work will cover the preparation starch-g-pla in one pot reaction, the use as compatibilizer in PLA/TPS blending, the fabrication of starch-g-pla with pyrene labelling fiber and also responsive properties. EXPERIMENTAL A. Materials Tapioca starch was purchased from ETC International Trading Co., Thailand. Commercial PLA (2002D) was purchased from Naturework LLC. L-lactide was purchased from Chiang Mai University, Thailand. Tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate (Sn(Oct) 2, 97% purity), Ƴ-Oxo-1- pyrenebutyric acid, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and 4-dimethylaminopyridine were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, USA. Chloroform, including HPLC-grade chloroform, and methanol were from RCI Labscan, Thailand. Deuterated chloroform (CDCl 3 ) and dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, USA. If not specified, the chemicals in used were analytical grade and used without any further purification. B. Preparation of starch-g-pla Starch-g-PLA was synthesized through ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide and starch by using tin(ii) 2-ethylhexanoate (Sn(Oct) 2 ) as a catalyst. Starch was dried in hot air oven at 60 C for 12 hours to remove moiture. The ring-opening polymerization was carried out at 140 C for 4 hours under nitrogen atmosphere. The purification was done by precipitation in methanol. The precipitate was dissolved in chloroform to remove a homo-pla. The weight feed ratio of starch to lactide is 1:2 to obtained starch-g-pla Petrochemical and Materials Technology Tuesday May 23, 2017, Pathumwan Princess Hotel, Bangkok, Thailand Page 2
3 C. Melt blending of TPS and PLA with starch-g-pla TPS was prepared by mixing of starch and glycerol (60/40% wt). The PLA/TPS blends done in Barbender mixer using an operating temperature of C, mixing time of 10 min and screw speed for 80 rpm. The TPS contents in PLA/TPS blends were 20/40/60/80 and 100% wt. Starch-g-PLA was used as a compatibilizer and its contents were 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 phr. A Wabash compression molding machine was used to compress the products obtained from the mixing. The conditions were preheated at 160 C for 5 min, compressed at 160 C for 5 min at 10 tons loading and cooling 5 min. D. Preparation of starch-g-pla-py 5 g of starch-g-pla, g of DCC ( mol), g of DMAP ( mol), g of Py and 10 ml of DMSO were added to a 50 ml three-naked flask. The mixture reacted first at 0 C for 1 hour and then room temperature for 24 hours under nitrogen atmosphere. The product (starch-g-pla-py) was precipitated in cold methanol. Then crude products was redissolved in DMSO and precipitated again in cold methanol. The product with brown colour was obtained and dried in hot air oven at 60 C for 12 hours. E. Sample prepartation and electrospining of starch-g-pla-py fiber 1.2 g of PLA was dissolved in 4.34 g of DMC and g of starch-g-pla-py was dissolved in 4.34 g of DMF. The PLA and starch-g-pla-py solution were mixed together and continuous stirring. The mixed solution were loaded to a plastic syringe equipped with a 20-gauge metal needle. A high voltage power supply (Spellman CZE1000R) was connected to the needle and grounded plate collector provide an electrical potential at 18 kv. Electrospining of all mixed solutions was carried out at flow rate of 0.05 ml/h with tipto-collector distance of 15 cm. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A. Structural Characterization The FTIR spectrum of the starch-g-pla show the broad peaks at 3297 and 887 cm -1 corresponded to O-H stretching and pyranose ring of starch, respectively. Meanwhile, the PLA shows peaks at 2990, 1745 and 1350 cm -1 which corresponded to C-H stretching, carbonyl and C-O-H bending, respectively The FT-IR spectra of starch-g-pla shows peaks at 3295, 2987, 1748, 1344 and 887 cm -1 which corresponded to O-H stretching, C-H stretching, carbonyl, C-O-H bending and pyranose ring, respectively. The structural characterization of starch-g-pla are also investigated by 13 C-NMR. Figure 6.2 shows 13 C- NMR spectra with the corresponding carbon resonance signals assigned. This spectra occurring at 17.2 ppm (position a) corresponds to carbon of carbonyl groups (-COCH(CH 3 )OH) and carbon resonance signal at 69.4 ppm corresponds to carbon of methylene group (-COCH(CH 3 )OH in terminal group. B. Compatibility of PLA/TPS blends The compatibility of PLA/TPS blends were observed by SEM and AFM technique. As SEM observation, there are some droplets with voids along the surface in PLA/TPS film (Fig. A(a)). In case of PLA/TPS with starch-g-pla film showed the smooth surface Petrochemical and Materials Technology Tuesday May 23, 2017, Pathumwan Princess Hotel, Bangkok, Thailand Page 3
4 (Fig. A(b)). This implies the starch-g-pla can improve miscibility between PLA and TPS. The surface of the films was observed by AFM in non-contact mode to confirm compatibility. PLA/TPS film (Fig. B(a)) shows the roughness surface. In case of PLA/TPS with starch-g-pla film (Fig. B(b)) shows the smooth surface and this confirm the less phase separation when starch-g-pla was added. (A) (a) C. Mechanical Properties D. Fluorescence Properties (b) [ type your text here] CONCLUSIONS 50 µm 50 µm (B) (a) (b) Figure 1 (A) SEM micrographs, (B) AFM micrographs (a) PLA/TPS without starch-g-pla film (b) PLA/TPS with starch-g-pla film. E. Mechanical properties The tensile strength and percent elongation at break of PLA/TPS tend to be increased after adding the starch-g-pla as additive. Those mean that the starch-g-pla was used to improve mechanical properties of PLA. Petrochemical and Materials Technology Tuesday May 23, 2017, Pathumwan Princess Hotel, Bangkok, Thailand Page 4
5 Tensile strength (Mpa) Elongation at break (%) PLA PLA/TPS PLA/TPS/Additive Figure 2 The tensile strength and percent elongation at break of the film products from PLA, PLA/TPS film, and PLA/TPS with starch-g-pla. CONCLUSION The objective of the work is to develop the mechanical properties PLA blended with TPS. The work proposes the preparation of the additive by simple melt process and its melt blending. Moreover, the additive can further modification to add function by labelling pyrene molecule. The additive was successfully synthesized by simple reaction and used to blend with PLA and TPS. The tensile strength and percent elongation at break tend to be increased after adding the additive. This implies the additive functions as a compatibilizer for PLA blended with TPS. The additive can reduce phase seperation under the concept of like dissolves like. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to acknowledge Thailand Graduate Institute of Science and Technology scholarship, the Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Center for Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Chulalongkorn University, for research funds. Petrochemical and Materials Technology Tuesday May 23, 2017, Pathumwan Princess Hotel, Bangkok, Thailand Page 5
6 REFERENCES Carlson, D., Nie, L., Narayan, R., and Dubois, P. (1999). Maleation of polylactide (PLA) by reactive extrusion. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 72(4), Chen, L., Qiu, X., Deng, M., Hong, Z., Luo, R., Chen, X., and Jing, X. (2005). The starch grafted poly(l-lactide) and the physical properties of its blending composites. Polymer, 46(15), Jariyasakoolroj, P. and Chirachanchai, S. (2014). Silane modified starch for compatible reactive blend with poly(lactic acid). Carbohydrate Polymers, 106( Yang, Y., Tang, Z., Xiong, Z., and Zhu, J. (2015). Preparation and characterization of thermoplastic starches and their blends with poly(lactic acid). International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 77( Petrochemical and Materials Technology Tuesday May 23, 2017, Pathumwan Princess Hotel, Bangkok, Thailand Page 6
BIO-BASED POLYETHYLENE/ RICE STARCH COMPOSITE
BIO-BASED POLYETHYLENE/ RICE STARCH COMPOSITE Sathaphorn O-suwankul a, Kittima Bootdee a, Manit Nititanakul* a a The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand Keywords
More informationPROPERTIES OF THERMOPLASTIC CASSAVA STARCH MODIFIED BY PECTIN
E_E0026 1 PROPERTIES OF THERMOPLASTIC CASSAVA STARCH MODIFIED BY PECTIN Worawan Pattanasin, Jutarat Prachayawarakorn* Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut s Institute of Technology
More informationPROPERTIES OF THERMOPLASTIC CASSAVA STARCH/LOW-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE BLEND MODIFIED BY CARRAGEENAN
E_E0027 1 PROPERTIES OF THERMOPLASTIC CASSAVA STARCH/LOW-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE BLEND MODIFIED BY CARRAGEENAN Wanida Pomdage, Jutarat Prachayawarakorn,* Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King
More informationFunctionalized Agricultural Packaging
Functionalized Agricultural Packaging Preedawan Duangchan a, Rathanawan Magaraphan* a a The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University Keywords : Active Packaging, Carboxymethyl cellulose,
More informationCHEMICALLY MODIFIED LIGNIN A POTENTIAL RESOURCE MATERIAL FOR COMPOSITES WITH BETTER STABILITY
International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, Vol. 4, No 1, 2015, 183 189 ISSN 2278-3687 (O) CHEMICALLY MODIFIED LIGNIN A POTENTIAL RESOURCE MATERIAL FOR COMPOSITES WITH BETTER STABILITY
More informationChina Visit us at : May 11, 2011
L(+) LACTIC ACID POLYMERS AND COPOLYMERS : STRUCTURE PROPERTY RELATIONSHIPS Dr. S. Sivaram National Chemical Laboratory, Pune-411 008, INDIA Tel : 0091 20 2590 2600 2 nd Federation of Asian Polymer Fax
More informationDual-Responsive Polymer Micelles for. Target-Cell-Specific Anticancer Drug Delivery
Dual-Responsive Polymer Micelles for Target-Cell-Specific Anticancer Drug Delivery Xing Guo, Chunli Shi, Guang Yang, Jie Wang, Zhenghong Cai, and Shaobing Zhou,, * Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies
More informationThermal Properties and Morphology of Biodegradable PLA/Starch Compatibilized Blends
J. Ind. Eng. Chem., Vol. 13, No. 3, (2007) 457-464 Thermal Properties and Morphology of Biodegradable PLA/Starch Compatibilized Blends Woo Yeul Jang, Boo Young Shin, Tae Jin Lee, and Ramani Narayan* School
More informationEFFECT OF ZnO NANOPARTICLES ON CURE BEHAVIOR OF THE EPDM RUBBER
EFFECT OF ZnO NANOPARTICLES ON CURE BEHAVIOR OF THE EPDM RUBBER Nuttiya Sa-nguansak a and Stephan Thierry Dubas* a a The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
More informationThe Study of Biodegradable Thermoplastics Sago Starch Zuraida Ahmad a, Hazleen Anuar and Yusliza Yusof
Key Engineering Materials Vols. 471-472 (2011) pp 397-402 (2011) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.471-472.397 The Study of Biodegradable Thermoplastics Sago Starch
More informationPreparation and Characterization of High-Density Polyethylene Blends and Recycled Poly(ethylene terephthalate)
Preparation and Characterization of High-Density Polyethylene Blends and Recycled Poly(ethylene terephthalate) By: Mohd Nazry Salleh (nazrysalleh@gmail.com) Presentation outline 1. Introduction -rhdpe
More informationPREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF MODIFIED CARBOXYLMETHYL CELLULOSE WITH CASSAVA STARCH
E_E0011 1 PREPARATIN AND PRPERTIES F MDIFIED CARBXYLMETHYL CELLULSE WITH CASSAVA STARCH Janthanipa Nuim, Sa-Ad Riyajan * Department of Materials Science and Technology and Natural Products Research Center,
More informationResearch Article Effect of Soil Burial on Tensile Properties of Polypropylene/Plasticized Cassava Starch Blends
Advances in Materials Science and Engineering Volume 213, Article ID 326538, 5 pages http://dx.doi.org/1.1155/213/326538 Research Article Effect of Soil Burial on Tensile Properties of Polypropylene/Plasticized
More informationThe Synthesis of modified hydrophobic starch nanoparticles using long chain fatty acids was accomplished. The modified starch nanoparticles were
CHAPTER 4 Hydrophobic grafted and crosslinked starch nano particles for drug delivery The Synthesis of modified hydrophobic starch nanoparticles using long chain fatty acids was accomplished. The modified
More informationFabric detergents for body-odor reduction
47 Fabric detergents for body-odor reduction Natthida Khamjit and Usa Sangwatanaroj * Abstract This research targets to prepare detergents containing -cyclodextrin and to use them for fabric laundry in
More informationCharacterization of Polyol Synthesized from Epoxidized Palm Oil Using Fourier Transform Infra-Red and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Characterization of Polyol Synthesized from Epoxidized Palm il Using Fourier Transform Infra-Red and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance W. N. Wan Tajulruddin a, A. R. Rahmat *,b, Z. A. Mohd Yusof c, A. Fakhari
More informationSYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BIODEGRADABLE STARCH-CLAY MATERIALS
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BIODEGRADABLE STARCH-CLAY MATERIALS Ing. Jaromír Dlouhý West Bohemia University Univerzitni 8, 306 14 Czech Republic ABSTRACT This paper presents results from research
More informationPornchai Rachtanapun*, Dararat Pankan and Darin Srisawat
P-STARCH-22 Edible Films of Blended Cassava Starch and Rice Flour with plasticizers and Their Mechanical Properties Pornchai Rachtanapun*, Dararat Pankan and Darin Srisawat Department of Packaging Technology,
More informationAccessory Publication
10.1071/CH09088_AC CSIRO 2009 Accessory Publication: Australian Journal of Chemistry, 2009, 62(8), 790 793 Thermally Responsive Elastomeric Supramolecular Polymers Featuring Flexible Aliphatic Hydrogen
More informationCHAPTER 3 REACTIONS BETWEEN EPOXIDIZED NATURAL RUBBER AND PALM OIL-BASED ALKYDS
CHAPTER 3 REACTIONS BETWEEN EPOXIDIZED NATURAL RUBBER AND PALM OIL-BASED ALKYDS Alkyds are polyfunctional vegetable oil-modified polyesters, produced through esterification reaction between the natural
More informationCharacterization and Thermomechanical Properties of Thermoplastic Potato Starch.
e-issn:2319-9873 Research and Reviews: Journal of Engineering and Technology Characterization and Thermomechanical Properties of Thermoplastic Potato Starch. Musa MB a *, Yoo MJ c, Kang TJ b, Kolawole
More informationGlass transition temperature of thermoplastic starches
Int. Agrophysics, 5, 19, 237-241 INTERNATIONAL Agrophysics www.ipan.lublin.pl/int-agrophysics Glass transition temperature of thermoplastic starches M. Mitrus Food Process Engineering Department, University
More informationAn Initial Study of Starch-g-polystyrene Foam Prepared by a Steaming Process
Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals. Vol. 12 No. 2 pp. 1-6, 2003. An Initial Study of Starch-g-polystyrene Foam Prepared by a Steaming Process Tuspon THANPITCHA, Nuttaphong KRITCHAYANON, Duanghathai
More informationElectronic Supplementary Material
Electronic Supplementary Material PAMAM Dendrimers Bearing Electron-Donating Chromophores: Fluorescence and Electrochemical Properties Bing-BingWang a, Xin Zhang a, Ling Yang a, Xin-Ru Jia* a, Yan Ji a,
More informationL-Carnosine-Derived Fmoc-Tripeptides Forming ph- Sensitive and Proteolytically Stable Supramolecular
Supporting Information: L-Carnosine-Derived Fmoc-Tripeptides Forming ph- Sensitive and Proteolytically Stable Supramolecular Hydrogels Rita Das Mahapatra, a Joykrishna Dey* a, and Richard G. Weiss b a
More informationSYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SEVERAL AMPHIPHILIC CHITOSAN DERIVATIVES NADHRATUN NAIIM MOBARAK & MD. PAUZI ABDULLAH
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SEVERAL AMPHIPHILIC CHITOSAN DERIVATIVES NADHRATUN NAIIM MOBARAK & MD. PAUZI ABDULLAH School of Chemistry Science and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology,
More informationSynthesis and Evaluation of Esterified Estolide
Chapter 5 Synthesis and Evaluation of Esterified Estolide 5.1 Introduction Coconut oil has a very high congelation temperature precluding its use as base oil for industrial lubricants in temperate and
More informationThermoplastic Starch (TPS) Based Bio-disintegrable Polymers - Combination of Modified Potato Starch with Polyolefins
Thermoplastic Starch (TPS) Based Bio-disintegrable Polymers - Combination of Modified Potato Starch with Polyolefins Manjari Sharma 1, Vijai Kumar 2, Anek Pal Gupta 3 1 Ambedkar Institute of Advanced Communication
More informationStudy on Amylose Iodine Complex from Cassava Starch by Colorimetric Method
Study on Amylose Iodine Complex from Cassava Starch by Colorimetric Method Sirinat Boonpo and Sukjit Kungwankunakorn Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200,
More informationSynthesis of Sequence-Controlled Acrylate Oligomers. via Consecutive RAFT Monomers Additions
Supporting Information Synthesis of Sequence-Controlled Acrylate ligomers via Consecutive RAFT Monomers Additions Joke Vandenbergh a, Gunther Reekmans, b Peter Adriaensens b and Thomas Junkers a * a Polymer
More informationSynthesis of Polyesters from Azelaic Acid and Glycerol by Polycondensation Reaction
Synthesis of Polyesters from Azelaic Acid and Glycerol by Polycondensation Reaction Thitipat Chongcharoenchaikul 1, Patchanita Thamyongkit 2 and Sirilux Poompradub 1* 1 Department of Chemical Technology,
More informationStudy on Synthesis of Maleic Anhydride Grafted Starch Jian-Jiang SHANG1, a*, Li-Na JIANG1,b, De-Qiang LI2,c and Xiao-Yan ZHU1,d
Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Material Engineering and Application (ICMEA 2016) Study on Synthesis of Maleic Anhydride Grafted Starch Jian-Jiang SHANG1, a*, Li-Na JIANG1,b, De-Qiang
More informationSYNTHESIS OF REACTIVE SOYBEAN OILS FOR USE AS BIOBASED THERMOSET RESINS IN STRUCTURAL NATURAL FIBRE COMPOSITES
SYNTHESIS F REACTIVE SYBEAN ILS FR USE AS BIBASED THERMSET RESINS IN STRUCTURAL NATURAL FIBRE CMPSITES Kayode Adekunle, Dan Åkesson and Mikael Skrifvars School of Engineering University College of Borås
More informationKing Mongkut s University of Technology Thonburi [KMUTT], 126 Pracha Uthit, Bang Mod, Thung khru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand.
Advanced Materials Research Online: 2013-08-30 ISSN: 1662-8985, Vol. 747, pp 711-714 doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.747.711 2013 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland Extraction of Keratin from Chicken
More informationAdvances in Environmental Biology
AENSI Journals Advances in Environmental Biology ISSN-1995-0756 EISSN-1998-1066 Journal home page: http://www.aensiweb.com/aeb/ Synthesis of Modified Thermoplastic Starch (TPS) Using In-Situ Technique
More informationSupporting information to Amino-functional polyester dendrimers based on bis-mpa as nonviral vectors for sirna delivery
Supporting information to Amino-functional polyester dendrimers based on bis-mpa as nonviral vectors for sirna delivery P. Stenström, D. Manzanares, Y. Zhang, V. Ceña and M. Malkoch* * To whom correspondence
More informationFigure S7: ATR FTIR spectra of enantiomeric UP-PLA-UPy and sc-upy-pla-upy. Figure S9: SEM microphotographs sc-upy-pla-oh in 1,4-dioxane and chloroform
Supporting Information for Macromolecules, DOI: Supramolecular Polylactides by the Cooperative Interaction of the End Groups and Stereocomplexation By M. Brzeziński*, T. Biela Table of Contents Figure
More informationMultifunctional Cellulosic Scaffolds from Modified Cellulose Nanocrystals. Eldho Abraham and Oded Shoseyov Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
Multifunctional Cellulosic Scaffolds from Modified Cellulose Nanocrystals Eldho Abraham and ded Shoseyov Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel 1 Structure of a plant fibre 2 Functionalisation of CNC Chlorosilanes
More informationSTUDY ON ENERGY STORAGE ABILITY OF ZnO/TiO 2 FOR PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION OF ISOPROPANOL
STUDY ON ENERGY STORAGE ABILITY OF ZnO/TiO 2 FOR PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION OF ISOPROPANOL Ratchawan Jarumanee a, Pramoch Rangsunvigit*,a,b, Pailin Ngaotrakanwiwat c a The Petroleum and Petrochemical College,
More informationYUAN LI A.PROF QIZHI CHEN, PROF WAYNE COOK
Synthesis, characterization and properties of biocompatible poly(glycerol sebacate) YUAN LI A.PROF QIZHI CHEN, PROF WAYNE COOK Background Demand of biomaterials in the field of soft tissue engineering
More informationPlasticization of poly (L-lactide) bioplastic films with poly (propylene glycol)-b-oligo ( -caprolactone)
International Journal of Applied Chemistry. ISSN 0973-1792 Volume 12, Number 3 (2016) pp. 309-322 Research India Publications http://www.ripublication.com Plasticization of poly (L-lactide) bioplastic
More informationThe Effect of Molecular Weight of Polycaprolactone on the Ester Interchange Reactions during Melt Blending with Poly(ethylene terephthalate)
Polymer Journal, Vol. 34, No. 5, pp 313 319 (2002) The Effect of Molecular Weight of Polycaprolactone on the Ester Interchange Reactions during Melt Blending with Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Kyung Yul
More informationPreparation and characterization of collagen food packaging film
Available online www.jocpr.com Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2014, 6(6):740-745 Research Article ISSN : 0975-7384 CODEN(USA) : JCPRC5 Preparation and characterization of collagen food
More informationAcetaldehyde Production from Ethanol over Ni-Based Catalysts
Chiang Mai J. Sci. 2008; 35(1) KC-019 171 Chiang Mai J. Sci. 2008; 35(1) : 171-177 www.science.cmu.ac.th/journal-science/josci.html Contributed Paper Acetaldehyde Production from Ethanol over Ni-Based
More informationELECTROSPUN CELLULOSE ULTRA-FINE FIBERS FROM KRAFT PULP
ELECTROSPUN CELLULOSE ULTRA-FINE FIBERS FROM KRAFT PULP S. J. Yeoh 1, W.Y. Hamad 2, F.K. Ko 1 1 University of British Columbia 2355, East Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T1Z4 2 FPInnovations 3800, Wesbrook
More informationThermal Properties and Moisture Absorption of LDPE/Banana Starch Biocomposite Films
Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals. Vol. 12 No. 1 pp. 1-1, 22 Thermal Properties and Moisture Absorption of LDPE/Banana Starch Biocomposite Films Duangdao AHT-ONG* and Kanjana CHAROENKONGTHUM Department
More informationNano-Sized Titanium Dioxides as Photo-Catalysts in Degradation of Polyethylene and Polypropylene Packagings
SCIENCE JOURNAL Ubon Ratchathani University http://scjubu.sci.ubu.ac.th Sci. J. UBU, Vol. 1, No. 2 (July-December, 2010) 14-20 Research Article Nano-Sized Titanium Dioxides as Photo-Catalysts in Degradation
More informationSupporting information
S1 Supporting information Biodegradable Injectable Polymer Systems Exhibiting Temperature-Responsive Irreversible Sol-to-Gel Transition by Covalent Bond Formation Yasuyuki YOSHIDA 1,2, Keisuke KAWAHARA
More informationCHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. 4.1 Structural and morphological studies
hapter 4: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) HPTER 4: RESULTS N ISUSSION 4.1 Structural and morphological studies 4.1.1 Fourier Transforms Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) The scanning of the samples
More informationEffects of Banana Skin Powder on Properties of Jackfruit Seed Starch/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) PVA Film
International Journal of Current Science, Engineering & Technology Original Research Article Open Access AMCT 2017 Malaysia Special Issue ISSN : 2581-4311 Effects of Banana Skin Powder on Properties of
More informationMelt-Grafting of Maleimides Having Hindered Phenol Group onto Polypropylene
Melt-Grafting of Maleimides Having Hindered Phenol Group onto Polypropylene Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. 2003, Vol. 24, No. 12 1809 Melt-Grafting of Maleimides Having Hindered Phenol Group onto Polypropylene
More informationEffect of Surface-Treated ZnO on Mechanical and Morphological Properties of High Density Polyethylene/ZnO Nanocomposites
Paper Code: pp011 TIChE International Conference 2011 Effect of Surface-Treated ZnO on Mechanical and Morphological Properties of High Density Polyethylene/ZnO Nanocomposites Pannida Kijkobchai *, Sirirat
More informationPOLYMER REINFORCEMENT
POLYMER REINFORCEMENT CG2 NanoCoatings Inc. 2007 CG 2 NanoCoatings Inc. 21 Pine Needles Court, Suite 200, Ottawa, ON K2S 1G5 CANADA T 613.435.7747 F 413.638.3933 W www.cg2nanocoatings.com POLYMER REINFORCEMENT
More informationCharacterization of Fucopol Films for Food Packaging
Characterization of Fucopol Films for Food Packaging Ana R. V. Ferreira 1, Cristiana A. V. Torres 1, Filomena Freitas 1, Maria Reis 1, Vítor D. Alves 2, Isabel M. Coelhoso 1 1. REQUIMTE/CQFB, Chemistry
More informationProperties of Oxidized Cassava Starch as Influenced by Oxidant Concentration and Reaction Time
Properties of Oxidized Cassava Starch as Influenced by Oxidant Concentration and Reaction Time P-STARCH-26 Kunruedee Sangseethong 1 and Klanarong Sriroth 2,3 1 Cassava and Starch Technology Research Unit,
More informationComparison of Water adsorption characteristics of oligo and polysaccharides of α-glucose studied by Near Infrared Spectroscopy Alfred A.
Comparison of Water adsorption characteristics of oligo and polysaccharides of α-glucose studied by Near Infrared Spectroscopy Alfred A. Christy, Department of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science,
More informationElectronic Supporting Information
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Materials Chemistry Frontiers. This journal is the Partner Organisations 2018 Electronic Supporting Information Tetraphenylpyrazine-based luminogens with full-colour
More informationSupporting Information
S1 Supporting Information Efficient productions of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and alkyl levulinate from biomass carbohydrate using ionic liquid-based polyoxometalate salts Jinzhu Chen,* a Guoying Zhao a and
More informationSupporting Information. Scalable Chitosan-Graphene Oxide Membranes: The Effect of GO Size on. Properties and Cross-Flow Filtration Performance
Supporting Information Scalable Chitosan-Graphene Oxide Membranes: The Effect of GO Size on Properties and Cross-Flow Filtration Performance Mojtaba Abolhassani, a Chris S. Griggs, b Luke A. Gurtowski,
More informationRESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS. Synthesis of Commodity Chemicals from Renewable Fatty Acids
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS From the Resnick Sustainability Institute Graduate Research Fellows at the California Institute of Technology Synthesis of Commodity Chemicals from Renewable Fatty Acids Global Significance
More informationSynthesis of organophilic ZIF-71 membranes for pervaporation. solvent separation
Supporting Information Synthesis of organophilic ZIF-71 membranes for pervaporation solvent separation Xueliang Dong, Y. S. Lin* School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University,
More informationMicrowave heating in peptide side chain modification via sulfhydryl reaction
Microwave heating in peptide side chain modification via sulfhydryl reaction E. Calce and S. De Luca* Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council, 80134 Naples, Italy stefania.deluca@cnr.it
More informationSupplementary Figures
Supplementary Figures Absorption 4 3 2 1 Intensity Energy U(R) relaxation ~~~ ~~~~~~ 2 3 4 1 S S 1 2 3 4 1 Fluoescence 4 3 2 1 Intensity H-aggregation ~~~~ J-aggregation Absorption Emission Vibrational
More informationby fluorescence and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy
The effect of terpenoid esters on membrane structure investigated by fluorescence and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy Mariia Nesterkina 1,2, *, Sergii Smola 3, and Iryna Kravchenko 1,2 1 dessa
More informationPRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYMER BLEND FROM LDPE AND STARCH MUHAMMAD ALIF AFNAN BIN RAMLI
PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYMER BLEND FROM LDPE AND STARCH MUHAMMAD ALIF AFNAN BIN RAMLI Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Chemical
More informationWhat is superhydrophobicity? How it is defined? What is oleophobicity?
Avijit Baidya 12.11.2016 What is superhydrophobicity? How it is defined? What is oleophobicity? Introduction : Hydrophobic and amphiphobic surfaces have been studied in great depth over the past couple
More informationSulfate Radical-Mediated Degradation of Sulfadiazine by CuFeO 2 Rhombohedral Crystal-Catalyzed Peroxymonosulfate: Synergistic Effects and Mechanisms
Supporting Information for Sulfate Radical-Mediated Degradation of Sulfadiazine by CuFeO 2 Rhombohedral Crystal-Catalyzed Peroxymonosulfate: Synergistic Effects and Mechanisms Submitted by Yong Feng, Deli
More informationCarbon. p Has four valence electrons p Can bond with many elements p Can bond to other carbon atoms
Organic Compounds Carbon p Has four valence electrons p Can bond with many elements p Can bond to other carbon atoms n Gives carbon the ability to form chains that are almost unlimited in length. p Organic
More informationI. Polymers & Macromolecules Figure 1: Polymers. Polymer: Macromolecule: Figure 2: Polymerization via Dehydration Synthesis
I. Polymers & Macromolecules Figure 1: Polymers Polymer: Macromolecule: Figure 2: Polymerization via Dehydration Synthesis 1 Dehydration Synthesis: Figure 3: Depolymerization via Hydrolysis Hydrolysis:
More informationA Facile Method for Enhancing the Sensing Performance of Zinc Oxide. Nanofibers Gas Sensors
Electronic Supplementary Information (ESI): A Facile Method for Enhancing the Sensing Performance of Zinc Oxide Nanofibers Gas Sensors Pei-Pei Wang a, Qi Qi a, Rui-Fei Xuan a,b, Jun Zhao a, Li-Jing Zhou
More informationMechanochemical Modification of Lignin and Application of the Modified Lignin for Polymer Materials
Mechanochemical Modification of Lignin and Application of the Modified Lignin for Polymer Materials Jinwen Zhang Composite Materials and Engineering Center Washington State University Significance Petroleum-based
More informationSupporting Information. for. Access to pyrrolo-pyridines by gold-catalyzed. hydroarylation of pyrroles tethered to terminal alkynes
Supporting Information for Access to pyrrolo-pyridines by gold-catalyzed hydroarylation of pyrroles tethered to terminal alkynes Elena Borsini 1, Gianluigi Broggini* 1, Andrea Fasana 1, Chiara Baldassarri
More informationNew stabilisers for polyvinyl chloride mixed salts of calcium carboxylates
Plasticheskie Massy,, 2000, p. 19 New stabilisers for polyvinyl chloride mixed salts of calcium carboxylates R.F. Nafikova, E.I. Nagumanova, Ya.M. Abdrashitov and K.S. Minsker Translation submitted by
More informationSupporting Information for. Boronic Acid Functionalized Aza-Bodipy (azabdpba) based Fluorescence Optodes for the. analysis of Glucose in Whole Blood
Supporting Information for Boronic Acid Functionalized Aza-Bodipy (azabdpba) based Fluorescence Optodes for the analysis of Glucose in Whole Blood Yueling Liu, Jingwei Zhu, Yanmei Xu, Yu Qin*, Dechen Jiang*
More informationEffect of interfacial treatment on the thermal properties of thermal cunductive plastics
express Polymer Letters Vol.1, No.9 (2007) 608 615 Available online at www.expresspolymlett.com DOI: 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2007.83 Effect of interfacial treatment on the thermal properties of thermal
More informationThermoset Blends of an Epoxy Resin and Polydicyclopentadiene
SUPPORTING INFORMATION FOR: Thermoset Blends of an Epoxy Resin and Polydicyclopentadiene Brian J. Rohde, Kim Mai Le, Ramanan Krishnamoorti,* and Megan L. Robertson* Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
More informationBIO- DEGRADABLE COMPOSITE MADE FROM STARCH AND COCONUT FIBER : MECHANICAL STRENGTH AND BIODEGRATION CHRACTERSTICS
BIO- DEGRADABLE COMPOSITE MADE FROM STARCH AND COCONUT FIBER : MECHANICAL STRENGTH AND BIODEGRATION CHRACTERSTICS 55 Rahul Sen*, N.C.Upadhayay**, Upender Pandel*** *Research Scholar **Associate Professor
More informationWater absorption and its effect on the tensile properties of tapioca starch/polyvinyl alcohol bioplastics
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering PAPER OPEN ACCESS Water absorption and its effect on the tensile properties of tapioca starch/polyvinyl alcohol bioplastics To cite this article:
More informationBIO-CHEMICALS FROM CONVERSION OF BIO-ETHANOL USING VARIOUS SINGLE OXIDES
BIO-CHEMICALS FROM CONVERSION OF BIO-ETHANOL USING VARIOUS SINGLE OXIDES Nattapron Siribanluehan a, Sirirat Jitkarnka a a The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
More informationDevelopment of a near-infrared fluorescent probe for monitoring hydrazine in serum and living cells
Supporting Information for Development of a near-infrared fluorescent probe for monitoring hydrazine in serum and living cells Sasa Zhu, Weiying Lin,* Lin Yuan State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
More informationUniversity of Groningen
University of Groningen Synthesis of Higher Fatty Acid Starch Esters using Vinyl Laurate and Stearate as Reactants Junistia, Laura; Sugih, Asaf K.; Manurung, Robert; Picchioni, Francesco; Janssen, Leon
More informationEquation y = a + b*x Adj. R-Square Value Standard Error Intercept E Slope
Absorbance (a.u.) 4 3 2 1 Equation y = a + b*x Adj. R-Square 0.99826 Value Standard Error Intercept 4.08326E-4 0.02916 Slope 1.58874 0.02503 0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 Electron concentration (mmol/l)
More informationArticle. Hendrik Aditya Mulyatno, Odisaputra Ihsan Pratama, Inayati*
Article Synthesis of Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) from Banana Tree Stem: Influence of Ratio of Cellulose with Sodium Chloroacetate To Properties of Carboxymethyl Cellulose Hendrik Aditya Mulyatno, Odisaputra
More informationEffect of Potato Starch on Thermal & Mechanical Properties of Low Density Polyethylene
Current World Environment Vol. 8(2), 215-220 (2013) Effect of Potato Starch on Thermal & Mechanical Properties of Low Density Polyethylene SHAHRZAD KHORAMNEJADIAN 1 *, JAMILEH JAMALI ZAVAREH 2 and SHIRIN
More informationEfficient and green, microwave assisted synthesis of haloalkylphosphonates via Michaelis-Arbuzov reaction
ELECTRONIC SUPPORTING INFORMATION Efficient and green, microwave assisted synthesis of haloalkylphosphonates via Michaelis-Arbuzov reaction Petr Jansa, Antonín Holý, Martin Dračinský, Ondřej Baszczyňski,
More informationCarbon. Has four valence electrons Can bond with many elements. Can bond to other carbon atoms. Hydrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Nitrogen
Organic Compounds Carbon Has four valence electrons Can bond with many elements Hydrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Nitrogen Can bond to other carbon atoms Gives carbon the ability to form chains
More information130327SCH4U_biochem April 09, 2013
Option B: B1.1 ENERGY Human Biochemistry If more energy is taken in from food than is used up, weight gain will follow. Similarly if more energy is used than we supply our body with, weight loss will occur.
More informationPRODUCTION OF FLEXIBLE POLYURETHANE FOAM FROM COMMERCIALLY SOYBASED PRECURSOR
MATERIALS SCIENCE and TECHNOLOGY Edited by Evvy Kartini et.al. PRODUCTION OF FLEXIBLE POLYURETHANE FOAM FROM COMMERCIALLY SOYBASED PRECURSOR Flora E. Firdaus Department of Chemical Engineering, Jayabaya
More informationJournal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2015, 7(8): Research Article
Available online www.jocpr.com Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 215, 7(8):257-261 Research Article ISSN : 975-7384 CODEN(USA) : JCPRC5 Pulping process for rice straw in basic ionic liquid
More informationSupporting Information. Enzymatic synthesis of electrospinnable poly(butylene succinate-co-dilinoleic. succinate) thermoplastic elastomer
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for RSC Advances. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Supporting Information Enzymatic synthesis of electrospinnable poly(butylene succinate-co-dilinoleic
More informationParesh S. More*, Santosh G. Singh. Department of Chemistry, KET S V.G Vaze College, Mulund(E), Mumbai , Maharashtra, India
International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy Online: 20150224 ISSN: 22993843, Vol. 47, pp 4955 doi:10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.47.49 2015 SciPress Ltd., Switzerland Synthesis and characterization
More informationA New Design for Light-Breakable Polymer Micelles
Supporting Information A New Design for Light-Breakable Polymer Micelles 1. Synthesis and Characterization of Diblock Copolymer Materials. Dioxane and THF were purified by distillation from sodium with
More informationDirect valorisation of food waste: continuous metathesis of cocoa butter triglyceride. Supporting Information
Direct valorisation of food waste: continuous metathesis of cocoa butter triglyceride Christiane Schotten, 1,5 Dorota Plaza, 2 Simone Manzini, 3 Stephen P. Nolan, 3 Steven V. Ley, 4 Duncan L. Browne, 4,*
More informationCarbohydrate Polymers
Carbohydrate Polymers 78 (2009) 296 301 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Carbohydrate Polymers journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/carbpol Formamide and 2-hydroxy-N-[2-(2-hydroxy-propionylamino)-ethyl]
More informationSupporting Information. Transformation of Framework Solids into Processible Metallo-polymers
Supporting Information Transformation of Framework Solids into Processible Metallo-polymers Eun-Young Choi, Chunji Gao, Hong-Jun Lee, O-Pil Kwon*, Suck-Hyun Lee* Department of Molecular Science and Technology,
More informationTHE FABRICATION OF YAM BEAN (PACHYRIZOUS EROSUS) STARCH BASED BIOPLASTICS. Keywords: Bioplastic; Jicama; Pachyrizous erosus; Starch; Water; Yam bean
International Journal of Technology (2018) 2: 345-352 ISSN 2086-9614 IJTech 2018 THE FABRICATION OF YAM BEAN (PACHYRIZOUS EROSUS) STARCH BASED BIOPLASTICS H. Judawisastra 1*, R.D.R Sitohang 1, D.I. Taufiq
More informationAnalysis of HMF by HPLC
COST Action 927 Training School Building Skills on the Analysis of Thermal Process Contaminants in Foods 22-26 October 2007, Ankara Analysis of HMF by HPLC Vural Gökmen O O OH Background O COOH O R 2 Carbonyl
More informationA pillar[2]arene[3]hydroquinone which can self-assemble to a molecular zipper in the solid state
A pillar[2]arene[3]hydroquinone which can self-assemble to a molecular zipper in the solid state Mingguang Pan, Min Xue* Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China Fax:
More informationSupporting Information
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for ChemComm. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Supporting Information Facile Three-Step Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of [8]-, [9]-,
More information