By Dr. Phillip D. Sherwood CSR Executive Director

Transcription

1 By Dr. Phillip D. Sherwood CSR Executive Director 1

2 THIS PRESENTATION IS BASED ON MATERIALS DEVELOPED AND PRESENTED BY: DR. LOREN FRANK ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR UC SAN FRANCISCO 2

3 There are no classes or training for growing old 3

4 Money Health Memory 4

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6 Operate in the present Unable to think about or prepare for future Must balance the enormous task of providing care on top of other responsibilities 6

7 Like it or not, we re all aging it beats the alternative Effects of age on brain function vary widely Changes generally occur in executive function, short-term memory, confrontation naming 7

8 Shrinkage of white matter with age Many areas of the brain maintain most of their neurons Adults do not lose enormous numbers of neurons with aging as previously believed Cognitive decline is normal with age 8

9 Older adults have more trouble ignoring irrelevant stimuli Leads to impairment in memory for important items Distraction is central to these problems Cognitive Decline with Age 9

10 Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) Early stage Dementia 10

11 Does not threaten independent living, but compromises efficient daily living activities Serious enough to be noticed by the individual and others Increased risk of eventually developing Alzheimer s or another type of dementia 11

12 Amnesia: primary deficit in memory Non-amnesia: primary deficit in executive function o planning, attention, problem solving, verbal reasoning, inhibition 12

13 Impairment in memory Deficit in at least one other cognitive domain Impairs social or occupational functioning Gradual onset and continuing decline *All beyond normal aging* 13

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16 Ron Larry Elizabeth 16

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18 Risk doubles every 5 years after 65 More than half of people over age 85 develop Alzheimer s 18

19 1. Memory loss that disrupts daily life 2. Challenges in planning or solving problems 3. Difficulty completing familiar tasks 4. Confusion with time or place 5. Trouble understanding visual images or spatial relationships 19

20 6. New problems with speaking or writing 7. Misplacing things / cannot retrace steps 8. Decreased or poor judgment 9. Withdrawal from social activities 10. Changes in mood & personality 20

21 Depression in the elderly: Often misdiagnosed as Alzheimer s disease because of profound loss of concentration, memory problems, disorientation, and confusion 21

22 Age Genetic Factors Family History Genetic predisposition increases the odds of developing AD by three to fourfold 22

23 Signs of Alzheimer s vs. Normal Changes 23

24 Alzheimer s Signs Normal Changes 1. Poor decision making 2. Inability to manage a budget 3. Losing track of the date/season 4. Difficulty conversing 5. Misplacing things and being unable to retrace steps to find them 1. Occasionally making a bad decision 2. Missing a monthly payment 3. Forgetting the date and remembering later 4. Sometimes forgetting which word to use 5. Losing things from time to time 24

25 NO TREATMENT OR CURE Only symptomatic relief and only for a short period of time Dementia is progressive 25

26 * Impulsive or lethargic * Inappropriate social behaviors * Lack of social tact or empathy * Increased interest in sex * Changes in food preference * Neglect of personal hygiene * Compulsive behavior 26

27 Exercise Diet Mental Workouts 27

28 Physical activity linked to reduced risk for Alzheimer s Small benefits in clinical trials, most notably in decision-making function 28

29 Aerobic & strength training show positive effects Sessions longer than 30 minutes show larger effects than shorter sessions 29

30 Increased cerebral blood flow Enhanced memory Lowered blood pressure 30

31 Social and leisure activities Engage in mentally stimulating activities High educational level + occupational attainment = decreased dementia incidence and slower cognitive decline 31

32 Tutor high school kids Take a different route home Play chess Engage in Mental Exercise Engage in debate Read Learn a new language 32

33 Well-designed brain training exercises include working memory, attention, longterm memory, alertness Websites: Lumosity & Posit Science Online games can show progress and track ability 33

34 High dietary fat intake is associated with higher risk for Alzheimer s disease Reduce your intake of foods high in fat and cholesterol! 34

35 Increase intake of protective foods such as dark-skinned fruits and vegetables Veggies: kale, spinach, beets, red bell pepper, onion, corn, eggplant Fruits: prunes, raisins, blackberries, raspberries, plums, red grapes 35

36 Ginkgo biloba does not impact progression to dementia Curcumin (Indian spice turmeric) no evidence of benefit in treating AD Resveratrol (seeds of red grapes) potential herbal therapy that may prevent or treat AD, however clinical trial is still underway. NO MAGIC BULLET 36

37 Chewing gum selectively improves aspects of memory in healthy volunteers. Wilkinson et al., Appetite,

38 Meaningfulness; chunking TVFBIJFKYMCA TV FBI JFK YMCA Organization Categorize; outline Visualization Actively image, make spatial maps MofL Associate Integrate and link new information with old 38

39 Rhymes 30 days hath September Acronyms Every Good Boy Does Fine (EGBDF) Create a Song Schoolhouse Rock Association-exaggeration Thomas Crook 39

40 Pick an outstanding feature Get the name Transform the name to a concrete image Link the image of the name to the distinctive feature Review 40

41 Stimulants Provigil (NE and Dopamine) Adderall and Ritalin CX717 Ampakine Cholinergic agents Cholinergic degeneration in AD Cholinesterase inhibitors produce only limited benefit 41

42 Engage in mental exercise, physical activities & social interaction Modify your diet Low to moderate alcohol intake No quick fix *LIFESTYLE CHANGE* 42

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