Correlation of Knowledge and Attitude in Blood Donation and Organ Donation

Transcription

1 Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 9(41), DOI: /ijst/2016/v9i41/103900, November 2016 ISSN (Print) : ISSN (Online) : Correlation of Knowledge and Attitude in Blood Donation and Organ Donation Kim Min-Suk 1 and Yun Soon-Young 2* 1 Department of Nursing at Baekseok Culture University, Cheonan, , Korea; mskim9597@bscu.ac.kr 2 Department of Nursing at Baekseok University, Cheonan, , Korea; syb3000@bu.ac.kr Abstract Objectives: To examine the and of nursing students toward blood and organ, and to study the influence of toward the blood and organ and will to practice. Methods/Statistical Analysis: It is a descriptive correlation study. The collected data is analyzed using SPSSWIN Blood and organ and of subject were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA and post examination. The relationship between and of blood and organ was calculated using Pearson correlation coefficients, and the influential factor toward brain dead organ used multi regression analysis. Findings: The blood score of subject ranged between 6 to 13, average of 10.25(SD=1.75), blood score was between 48 to 88, average of 67.17(SD=9.35). The brain dead organ score was between 0 and 11, average of 4.66(SD=2.50), and the brain dead organ donor score was between 41-70, average of 51.82(SD= 5.83). Blood showed difference in blood type (F=2.74, p=.046), and blood experience(t=-2.13, p=.035) and the blood showed difference in religion (t=-2.24, p=.027), future blood plan(t=-2.93, p=.004), chronic disease in family tree(t=2.02, p=.045) and to whom one wants to donate the organ(f=-2.68, p=.008). The brain dead organ had no significant variables, and the brain dead organ had showed difference in future blood plan (t=-4.40, p<.001), desire for brain dead organ (F=14.29, p<.001), organ communication (t=-5.65, p<.001), intention to organ (t=-3.20, p=.002). As for the brain dead organ, it had significant qualitative correlation to blood (r=.24 p=.009). Improvements/ Applications: Therefore, to create positive social consensus and promote necessity of blood and organ, there is a need for specific promotion regarding the through mass media to the public. Keywords: Nursing Students, Blood Donation, Organ Donation, Attitude, Knowledge 1. Introduction The remarkable development in medicine has enabled active treatment and recovery of many diseases that were impossible to cure in the past, which had led to significant recognition to smooth blood supply. Blood created in the bone marrow, occupies 6~8% of average adult weight which is about 4~6 liters, and is a complex composed of water called plasma, red blood cell, white blood cell, a cell moving like platelet. Blood plays role of supplying nutrition and oxygen, moving waste, body defense, control of electrolyte and water, delivers hormone, control body temperature and the blood clotting 1. However, there is no artificial material which can alternate the blood, and it is impossible to reserve for long-term, so 3 million populations must donate blood every year 2. Meanwhile, improvement of modern medicine has enabled extending the life of patient by CPR, artificial life maintaining method which was impossible in the past, and the brain dead became the subject of controversy in other standard of death 3. As brain dead case depends on respirator 4 just maintaining the minimal blood pressure, pulse, breathing and body temperature becomes a challenge. Also, after the legislation legalizing the organ transplant for brain dead since 2000, the demand for organ transplantation has increased 157 times maximum by the *Author for correspondence

2 Correlation of Knowledge and Attitude in Blood Donation and Organ Donation transplant part. The number of brain dead organ donor was 35 per 1 million populations in Spain in 2009, which is the largest, American, Austria and France followed with 25,24 and 22, but in Korea it was only 5 which are very low 5. Due to the imbalance of supply and demand, there are many regrettable incidents which people maintaining tough lives or terminate their lives. This study examines the and of blood and about brain dead organ of nursing students, and tried to verify the degree of influence affecting the and practice will to brain dead organ. Especially, by understanding the relation between the blood and organ of nursing students who will work in the field of medical service, and prepare improvement measure positive to and practice will to organ, it will contribute to promotion of national health by vitalizing organ in the future. Therefore, following the study 6 which examined the change of behavior through and change, this study aims to lead the change in behavior through and acment improvement regarding blood and organ to construct healthier society. Even though the importance of blood in medical scene is being emphasized, the blood is decreasing due to various reasons such as people tend to avoid and lack of social consensus 7. For recent 5 years, Korean domestic blood demand has increased 7% annually while the rate is decreasing 8. This is due to the blood use increase based on active treatment in medical development and increase of disaster or accident. Blood is very significant in disease treatment, recovery, and especially, the operation and treatment in medical environment. Even though the blood supply and demand is only possible through, the anxiety toward AIDS and hepatitis type B infected by blood is increasing. Also the frequent infection accident causes blood avoidance and destabilizes the blood supply 9. More than 50% of domestic blood use is concentrated on age over 60s, which indicates the increase of blood demand in rapidly aging society 10. As the 80% of the blood of Korea depend on youth from teens and the 20s, there is a need for increase in blood donor 11. In other words, in order to prevent the blood deficit in the future, it is high time that the stable resource securing system including regular blood donator securement and increase of donors that is not limited in one-time 12. When considering the blood donors in Korea are concentrated in teens and the 20s, due to the population structure characteristics regarding low birth-rate and aging, the youth blood donor will decrease, and predicted to have blood supply deficiency 13. This indicates needs for blood vitalization, and as the regarding the blood is one of the significant factors in behavior 14, the promotion and acment improvement is essential. With the development in modern medicine, organ has prolonged the life of people in pain with disease, and provided chance of a new life with better quality of life 15. However, Korea has not yet formed positive organ culture due to various conditions, so the organ lacks in supply. Every year, the number of patients who are in agony or even pass away while waiting for organ transplant is increasing. Knowledge can bring about the change in Proposed Work 2.1. Research Method Study Subject This study conducted convenience sampling on 216 nursing students in C city, and the subjects were provided with explanation of the study. Subjects were able to reject and guaranteed anonymity for answering questionnaire. The research period was 30 days starting on April 1st, 2016? Study Tool Blood isused tool from 17, total 14 questions. Blood is revised and improved tool from 18, total 22 questions, 4 point Likert scale, and the credibility was Cronbach s α=.914. Organ is revised and improved tool from 19 for the goal of this study, total 16 questions. Organ isused 5 point Likert scale, total 16 questions which among 8 are positive related, and 8 negative s related. The credibility of this test was Cronbach s α=.560. The questionnaire regarding organ utilized tool used by 20 which was revised and improved for the study aiming to research the of nursing college regarding the organ. 2 Indian Journal of Science and Technology

3 Kim Min-Suk and Yun Soon-Young 2.2 Data Analysis The collected data is analyzed using SPSSWIN The frequency, percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation utilized technological statistics method while general characteristics, blood and organ and of subject were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA and post examination. The relationship between and of blood and organ was calculated using Pearson correlation coefficients, and the influential factor toward brain dead organ used multi regression analysis. 2.3 Study Result General Characteristics of the Subject Group Students were between 17 and 50 years old, and average age was 20.61(SD=2.76). Male students were 12%(26 students), and 33.3%(72 students) of them had a same blood type which is type A. 84.3%(182 students) and 58.4%(126 students) were major groups who answered Average about their health conditions and economic conditions %( 146 students) had given blood, and 81.9%(177 students) have a plan to give blood. Surprisingly, 32.9 %(7 students) were never heard about organ before, 2.8%(6 students) had donated organs, and 3.2%(7 students) had received an organ s. In case of brain death, 18.5%(40 students) wanted to receive organ s, but 65.3%(141 students) were willing to give organ s. 80.1%(173 students), most people, were answered after death for the time of organ, and 18.1%(39 students) already signed for organ in Table 1. Table 1. General characteristics of the subject group (N = 216) Variable Categories (Range) or n(%) Age(yr) 20.61± 2.76(17-50) Grade Gender 1st 58(26.9) 2nd 58(26.9) 3rd 55(25.5) 4th 45(20.8) Male 26(12.0) Female 190(88.0) Blood type A type 72(33.3) health conditions economical conditions Religion Blood experience Future blood plan heard about organ before Chronic disease in family tree had donated organs received an organ s Towhom one wants to donate the organ Desire for brain dead organ Willing to give organ s the time of organ Intention to organ Organ donor registration B type 52(24.1) O type 65(30.1) AB type 27(12.5) High 77(35.6) Average 126(58.4) Low 13( 6.0) High 12( 5.6) Average 182(84.3) Low 22(10.2) No 116(53.7) Yes 100(46.3) No 70(32.4) Yes 146(67.6) No 39(18.1) Yes 177(81.9) No 71(32.9) Yes 145(67.1) No 133(61.6) Yes 83(38.4) No 210(97.2) Yes 6( 2.8) No 209(96.8) Yes 7( 3.2) Family and Relatives Etc. 39(18.1) 177(81.9) Yes a 94(43.5) No b 40(18.5) Undefined c 82(38.0) No 75(34.7) Yes 141(65.3) Lifetime When brain death after death Family and relatives Etc. Yes No 4( 1.9) 39(18.0) 173(80.1) 39(18.1) 177(81.9) 39(18.1) 177(81.9) Indian Journal of Science and Technology 3

4 Correlation of Knowledge and Attitude in Blood Donation and Organ Donation Knowledge and Attitude Score of Blood Donation and Organ Donation of Subject Group The blood score of subject between 6 and 13, average of 10.25(SD=1.75), blood score was between 48 and 88, average of 67.17(SD=9.35). The brain dead organ score was between 0 and 11, average of 4.66(SD=2.50), and the brain dead organ donor score was between 41-70, average of 51.82(SD= 5.83) in Table 2. Table 2. Descriptive Statistics of Major Variables (N=216) Variable Range blood 10.25± blood 67.17± brain dead organ brain dead organ 4.66± ± Blood Donation Knowledge, Blood Donation Attitude, Brain Dead Organ Donation Knowledge, Brain Dead Organ Donation Attitude in Accordance with General Characteristics Blood showed difference in blood type (F=2.74, p=.046), and blood experience(t=-2.13, p=.035) and the blood showed difference in religion (t=-2.24, p=.027), future blood plan(t=-2.93, p=.004), chronic disease in family tree(t=2.02, p=.045) and to whom one wants to donate the organ(f=-2.68, p=.008). The brain dead organ had no significant variables, and the brain dead organ had showed difference in future blood plan (t=-4.40, p<.001), desire for brain dead organ (F=14.29, p<.001), organ communication (t=-5.65, p<.001), intention to organ (t=-3.20, p=.002). Blood was highest in AB type, but it was not significant in after case examination, and the group with the experience had higher score than group with experience. The blood showed more positive in group with religion, and the group with plan to donate blood in the future. Also, the group without chronicle disease in family tree had positive blood and the group who answered they will donate organ to anyone had positive. Brain dead organ had no significant variables, brain dead organ showed was rather positive to the group with intention to donate blood, and to the group who had intention to donate organ for when brain dead. The group with intention to donate organ had positive and the group answered they didn t care the receiver of organ donator had good organ in Table 3. Table 3. Blood, blood, brain dead organ, Brain dead organ in accordance with general characteristics. (N=216) Variable Grade Blood type Religion Categ -ories Blood Blood Brain dead organ Brain dead organ 1st 9.63±1.67 b, c, d>a 67.20± ±2.77 d>a, b, c 51.39±5.70 2nd 10.87± ± ± ±5.98 3rd 10.81± ± ± ±6.24 4th 10.84± (<.001) 68.73± (.542) 6.53± (<.001) 54.04± (.225) A type 9.97± ± ± ±4.85 B type 10.60± ± ± ±7.45 O type 9.89± ± ± ±5.07 AB type 11.21± (.046) 71.14± (.203) 4.35± (.971) 55.14± (.061) No 10.29± ± ± ±5.02 Yes 10.22± (.833) 69.08± (.027) 4.77± (.632) 51.84± (.975) 4 Indian Journal of Science and Technology

5 Kim Min-Suk and Yun Soon-Young Blood experience Future blood plan plan Chronic disease in No 9.81± ± ± ±5.18 Yes 10.52± (.035) 67.71± (.420) 4.50± (.382) 52.53± (.090) No 9.78± ± ± ±4.42 Yes 10.36± (.153) 68.40± (.004) 4.50± (.149) 53.01± (<.001) No 10.09± ± ± ±5.86 family tree Yes 10.47± (.250) 65.27± (.045) 4.84± (.497) 52.29± (.448) Towhom one wants to donate the organ Desire for brain dead organ Organ communication Intention to organ Family and relatives 10.01± ± ± ±6.00 Etc ± (.194) 69.18± (.008) 4.44± (.293) 53.30± (.002) Yesa 10.27± ± ± ±5.68 a>b, c Nob 10.45± ± ± ±5.40 Undef -inedc 10.14± (.795) 67.44± (.911) 4.42± (.642) 51.14± (<.001) No 10.00± ± ± ±4.90 Yes 10.47± (.150) 67.66± (.426) 4.49± (.278) 54.05± (<.001) Family and relatives 10.01± ± ± ±6.00 Etc ± (.194) 69.18± (.008) 4.44± (.293) 53.30± (.002) The Correlation between Blood Donation Knowledge, Blood Donation Attitude, Brain Dead Organ Donation Knowledge, Brain Dead Organ Donation Attitude of the Subject Group As for the brain dead organ, it had significant qualitative correlation to blood (r=.24 p=.009) in Table The Influential Factor to Brain Dead Organ Donation Attitude In order to verify the influential factor of brain dead organ of nursing students, we conducted the multiple regression analysis. Blood plan, intention to donate organ when brain dead, blood, group with intention to donate organ which showed significant correlation to brain dead organ were included to the regression model as independent variables The subject with intention to Table 4. Correlations among Major Variables Variable blood organ blood brain dead organ r(p).13(.155) blood r(p) -.06(.511).05(.567) organ r(p).24(.009).01(.951).07(.411) blood plan, brain dead organ, and organ were dummied. The allowance of the regression model designed for this study was between and the range of dispersion and swelling factor was between l This analysis result shows that this regression model has no multicollinearity problem. The Durbin-Watson value conducted to verify the indepen- Indian Journal of Science and Technology 5

6 Correlation of Knowledge and Attitude in Blood Donation and Organ Donation dence of residual was 1.96, close to 2, which showed there was no auto-correlation. As for the multiple regression analysis result, blood plan, intention to brain dead organ blood, organ explained 24.7% of brain dead organ of nursing students (F=10.35, p<.001), and the group with future plan for blood (t=-3.13, p=.002), intention to organ when brain dead (t=3.72, p<.001), had more positive brain dead organ in Table 5. Table 5. The Influential factor to brain dead organ intend to donate blood Donate organ in case ofbrain dead blood whom does one intend to donate organ to? t < grade Conclusion Adj.R 2 =.247 F=10.35 p<.001 Therefore, it is urgent to prepare the correct awareness improvement of and regarding the blood and organ not in a private dimension but in terms of government. The organ supply through braindead organ is much more desperate rather than live organ transplant which might be burden to the health of donor. Also, to create positive social consensus and promote necessity of blood and organ, there is a need for specific promotion regarding the through mass media to the public. Furthermore, by preparing policies regarding dignity of braindead organ donor, securement of self-decision, fairness of transplant distribution, simplification of procedure, management of expert, the donor and the family should be able to expect worthwhile and value while the beneficiary gets improvement in health and quality of life. 5. References 1. Human anatomy & physiology. Date Accessed: 2016: Available from: health-and-medicine/human-anatomy-and-physiology. p 2. Korean Red Cross, Knowledge on the blood : The necessity of blood. Date accessed: 28/06/2016: Available from: 3. Lee IS. Concept of Brain Death and Medical Utilization. The Journal of Korean Society for Transplantation. 1993; 7(1): Gwak JY. Law on Organ Transplantation and Transplantation of brain - dead and so on. The Journal of Korean Society for Transplantation. 2007; 21(1):1-3.(Journal of the Korean Medical Association(Journal of the Korean Medical Associ 5. Choi HJ. Graduate School of Health Science, Korea University: The Effect of University Students Knowledge on Attitude and Practice Will to Organ Donation in Brain dead donors, Master s Thesis Kim MH, Jeon HW, Chon MY. Study on the Knowledge and Attitudes of Falls and Awareness of Fall Risk Factors Among Nursing Students. Indian Journal of Science and Technology. 2015; 8(1): Chapman JF, Hyam C, Hick R. Blood inventory management. VoxSanguinis. 2004; 87(2):S Korean Red Cross. Blood services statistics. Date accessed: 29/06/2016: Available from: promotion_yearstats.do.(journal of the Korean Medical Association 9. Sin JW, Park NJ, Kim HO, Park GI, Choi TY. Analysis of Present Status as Blood Donation Center of Hospital Blood Banks and Satisfaction Level with the Korean Red Cross. Korean Journal of Blood Transfusion. 2004; 15(2): Lim YA, Kwon SY, Park KU, Kwon SW. Survey of blood and blood components usage sat ten university hospitals in Korea, 1995 to The Korean Journal of Blood Transfusion. 2005; 16(2): Hwang BD, Kim CH, Cho KW. A study on Attitude and Knowledge to Blood Donation in College and University Students. The Korean Journal of Health Service Management. 2009; 3(1): Kong JH, Kim MY. Related Factors on the Blood Donation Experience among Healthcare Provider in a General Hospital. Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society. 2015; 16(4): Lim YA, Kwon SY, Park KU, Kwon SW. Survey of Blood and Blood Components Usages at Ten University Hospitals in Korea, 1995 to The Korean Journal of Blood Transfusion. 2005; 16(2): Kim JH, Song HJ. Factors Affecting Regular Blood Donation Behavior. The Korean Journal of Blood Transfusion. 2006; 17(1): Jeong HS. The Review of Organ Transplantation Law and the Culture of Organ Donation. Culture Media, and Entertainment Laws. 2013;7(1): Sagare SM, Bogam RR, Murarkar SK, Patil UP, Ghate MM. Knowledge, and practices of ASHAs regarding 6 Indian Journal of Science and Technology

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