The Impossible Task: Changing Growers Behavior. Rich Zollinger North Dakota State University

Transcription

1 The Impossible Task: Changing Growers Behavior Rich Zollinger North Dakota State University

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8 Estimated Agricultural Use for Glyphosate, 2014 U.S. ranking of ND soybean production? ~? million acres =?

9 Estimated Agricultural Use for Glyphosate, 2014 U.S. ranking of ND soybean production? >7 million acres = 4th

10 Glyphosate-resistant weeds in ND and MN 2006 Gly-R common ragweed Gly-R giant ragweed Gly-R waterhemp Provided by: Drs. Jeff Stachler and Mike Christoffers Black symbols: confirmed resistant cases; Blue: highly suspected

11 Glyphosate-resistant weeds in ND and MN 2007 GR common ragweed GR giant ragweed GR waterhemp Provided by: Drs. Jeff Stachler and Mike Christoffers Black symbols: confirmed resistant cases; Blue: highly suspected

12 Glyphosate-resistant weeds in ND and MN GR waterhemp 2008 GR ragweed GR ragweed GR common ragweed GR giant ragweed GR waterhemp GR ragweed & GR waterhemp Provided by: Drs. Jeff Stachler and Mike Christoffers Black symbols: confirmed resistant cases; Blue: highly suspected

13 ND crop acres that received a soil-applied herbicide? Canola 0% Flax 3% Wheat 3% Soybean?% Corn?% Sugarbeet 13% Lentil 13% Field pea 16% Dry beans 37% Sunflower 66% 2008 ND Pesticide Use Survey

14 ND crop acres that received a soil-applied herbicide? Canola 0% Flax 3% Wheat 3% Soybean 4% Corn 8% Sugarbeet 13% Lentil 13% Field pea 16% Dry beans 37% Sunflower 66% 2008 ND Pesticide Use Survey

15 Nope it aint broke Need a PRE?

16 Glyphosate-resistant weeds in ND and MN GR ragweed GR waterhemp 2009 GR ragweed GR ragweed GR common ragweed GR giant ragweed GR waterhemp GR ragweed Provided by: Drs. Jeff Stachler and Mike Christoffers Black symbols: confirmed resistant cases; Blue: highly suspected

17 Glyphosate-resistant weeds in ND and MN GR ragweed 2010 GR waterhemp GR common ragweed GR giant ragweed GR waterhemp Provided by: Drs. Jeff Stachler and Mike Christoffers Black symbols: confirmed resistant cases; Blue: highly suspected

18 Glyphosate-resistant weeds in ND and MN GR waterhemp 2011 GR ragweed GR horseweed GR common ragweed GR giant ragweed GR waterhemp GR kochia GR ragweed GR waterhemp GR ragweed Provided by: Drs. Jeff Stachler and Mike Christoffers GR ragweed GR ragweed & waterhemp Black symbols: confirmed resistant cases; Blue: highly suspected

19 Glyphosate-resistant weeds in ND and MN 2012 GR kochia GR = 47% of 66 kochia samples GR ragweed & waterhemp Gly-R horseweed / marestail Gly-R kochia Gly-R common ragweed Gly-R giant ragweed Gly-R waterhemp Provided by: Drs. Jeff Stachler, Jeff Gunsolus, Mike Christoffers, and Kirk Howatt Black symbols: confirmed resistant cases; Blue: highly suspected

20 What % of ND acres receives a soil-applied herbicide? 2008/2012 ND Pesticide Use Surveys Corn Soybean (ND acreage) % 4% 2012?%?%

21 What % of ND acres receives a soil-applied herbicide? 2008/2012 ND Pesticide Use Survey Corn Soybean (ND acreage) % 4% % 4%

22 Glyphosate-resistant weeds in ND and MN 2013 GR wild oat GR kochia GR horseweed / marestail GR kochia GR common ragweed GR giant ragweed GR waterhemp GR wild oat Provided by: Drs. Jeff Stachler, Jeff Gunsolus, Mike Christoffers, and Kirk Howatt GR ragweed & waterhemp Black symbols: confirmed resistant cases; Blue: highly suspected

23 U.S. Grower survey: Human behavior and weed management Survey company: Stratus Ag Research Funded: U.S. Chemical Industry

24 U.S. Grower survey: Human behavior Resistant weeds % growers that: recognize a H MOA group system: %

25 U.S. Grower survey: Human behavior Resistant weeds % growers that: recognize a H MOA group system: 42% know herbicide MOA groups: %

26 U.S. Grower survey: Human behavior Resistant weeds % growers that: recognize a H MOA group system: 42% know herbicide MOA groups: 17% claim to rotate H MOA groups: %

27 U.S. Grower survey: Human behavior Resistant weeds % growers that: recognize a H MOA group system: 42% know herbicide MOA groups: 17% claim to rotate H MOA groups: 46% intend to rotate H MOA group: %

28 U.S. Grower survey: Human behavior Resistant weeds % growers that: recognize a H MOA group system: 42% know herbicide MOA groups: 17% claim to rotate H MOA groups: 46% intend to rotate H MOA group: 53% do not have a H MOA rotation plan: %

29 U.S. Grower survey: Human behavior Resistant weeds % growers that: recognize a H MOA group system: 42% know herbicide MOA groups: 17% claim to rotate H MOA groups: 46% intend to rotate H MOA group: 53% do not have a H MOA rotation plan: 30% use retailer/crop advisor to plan weed mgmt program to delay WR: %

30 U.S. Grower survey: Human behavior Resistant weeds % growers that: recognize a H MOA group system: 42% know herbicide MOA groups: 17% claim to rotate H MOA groups: 46% intend to rotate H MOA group: 53% do not have a H MOA rotation plan: 30% use retailer/crop advisor to plan weed mgmt program to delay WR: 21%

31 U.S. Grower survey: Human behavior Resistant weeds % growers that: claim H MOA groups are too difficult to understand: %

32 U.S. Grower survey: Human behavior Resistant weeds % growers that: claim H MOA groups are too difficult to understand: 17% plant RR crops in succession: %

33 U.S. Grower survey: Human behavior Resistant weeds % growers that: claim H MOA groups are too difficult to understand: 17% plant RR crops in succession: 70% choose H based on weed spectrum: %

34 U.S. Grower survey: Human behavior Resistant weeds % growers that: claim H MOA groups are too difficult to understand: 17% plant RR crops in succession: 70% choose H based on weed spectrum: 40% those that do NOT = 60% think that new H will solve WR problem: %

35 U.S. Grower survey: Human behavior Resistant weeds % growers that: claim H MOA groups are too difficult to understand: 17% plant RR crops in succession: 70% choose H based on weed spectrum: 40% those that do NOT = 60% think new H will solve WR problems: 45%

36 U.S. Grower survey: Human behavior Resistant weeds % growers that: will not change H group rotation until they get WR: 51% will respray to kill weed escapes: 40% will hand-weed and clean equipment to prevent spread of RW: 14%

37 U.S. Grower survey: Human behavior Resistant weeds Information for Weed Management/Weed Resistance: Source Source for WM Credibility for WR Retailer: 62% 67% 92% Consultant: 36% 60% 71% Label/Manufacturers: 41% 15% - Univ/Ext/Gov: 20% 20% (30% = worst) State weed guides: 10% - - Farm publications: % Other farmers: 10% - - Internet: 15% 15% -

38 ND Weed Control Guide Page 107 Strategies to delay HR Weeds 1. Don t forget the PRE 2. Apply effective POST herbicides in tank-mix or in sequential applications. 3. Use high herbicide rates and effective adjuvants. 4. Spray small annual weeds. 5. Zero Tolerance/Kill the One 6. Control weeds in field perimeters and non-crop area 7. Rotate herbicides with different mechanisms of action in consecutive years. 8. Rotate crops

39 2 nd summit planned for Survey for Ext. Weed Specialists (32) - 4 questions..

40 4 questions for next summit: 1. What issues if weed resistance increases? 2. Why don t growers manage resistant weeds? 3. How can resistant weeds be stopped? 4. How do you change grower s behavior?

41 4 questions for next summit: 1. What issues if weed resistance increases? 2. Why don t growers manage resistant weeds? 3. How can resistant weeds be stopped? 4. How do you change grower s behavior? - Regulate - Link into incentives - Bundle herbicides with seed - All herbicides RUP - Involve financial institutions - Noxious weeds - Certification program for consultants, farm managers

42 Kochia CAN become the waterhemp of the mid-west

43 Glyphosate-resistant kochia 2011 GR kochia Gly-R kochia Provided by: Drs. Jeff Stachler, Jeff Gunsolus, Mike Christoffers, and Kirk Howatt Black symbols: confirmed resistant cases; Blue: highly suspected

44 Glyphosate-resistant kochia GR kochia 2013 Gly-R kochia Provided by: Drs. Jeff Stachler, Jeff Gunsolus, Mike Christoffers, and Kirk Howatt Black symbols: confirmed resistant cases; Blue: highly suspected

45 Kochia control in soy/drybean Group 2 ALS Express, Harmony, Raptor 3 DNA Prowl, Sonalan, Treflan 4 Growth Reg. 2,4 D, Banvel, Starane 5 Triazine Atrazine, Sencor 6 Contact Basagran, Buctril 9 EPSP Roundup/glyphosate 10 N inhib. Liberty 14 PPO inhib. Spartan, Sharpen, Flexstar 15 Acetamides Harness/Surpass, Zidua 22 Contact Paraquat, Diquat 27 HPPD Callisto, Impact, Laudis 31 Ferrous oxide

46 Kochia Control in soy/drybean Whats left? Basagran + MSO adjuvant <2 inch Metribuzin <7.5 soil ph Liberty LL crops PPO inhibitors = PRE Spartan, Sharpen POST Reflex, Flexstar Ferrous oxide = Cold Hard Steel!

47 Bury the seed

48 Handweeding

49 Build a fence on SD/ND border

50 Build a fence around field

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52 Uncontrolled wild oat by glyphosate 2014 Provided by: Drs. Jeff Stachler, Jeff Gunsolus, Mike Christoffers, and Kirk Howatt Black symbols: confirmed resistant cases; Blue: highly suspected

53 Weed of the Year = Dandelion 2010 = Lambsquarters 2011 = Common ragweed 2012 = Waterhemp 2013 = Foxtail barley 2014 =?

54 2014 = Weed of the Year 2014

55 Weed of the Year 2014 and /15 =

56 Waterhemp = Evil Satan Dr Aaron Hagar U of Illinois

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58 Distribution of Palmer amaranth 2009

59 Palmer amaranth A few satanic traits: 1. Resistant to Group 2, 5, 9, and Fast growth = 2 inches/day! 3. Emerge May through August 4. Thrive in any open canopy 5. 1 to 1.5 million seed/plant 6. Female = >10 ft tall and baseball bat stems 7. Pulled plants can re-root. 8. Yield loss: Soybean = 78%, Corn = 91% 9. 2% seed viable after 6 years 10. Spread to every U.S state except MN, ND

60 6 ft 6 in. Dr Bill Johnson - Weed Scientist Purdue University

61 Photo credit: Travis Legleiter/ Bill Johnson Purdue University

62 Labor hand-weed hrs hrs hrs ZERO TOLERANCE

63 Proactive approach- Early detection/rapid response Early Detection Various state, area, and county staff - Focus on farmer education and awareness PPTs, handouts, hands on exercises, etc - Weed ID information - Pictures and biology of weeds - Hands on exercise with live plants - Mode-of-Action teaching materials - Develop BMP (Best Mngt Practices) - How to scout for resistant weeds

64 Proactive approach- Early detection/rapid response Rapid Response/ - Various state, area, and county staff including ND Dept. of Ag 1. What to do if you suspect weed resistance? - Action plan for Palmer amaranth - State education plan - Work with key stakeholders: i. Commodity groups ii. Dept. of Ag iii. Crop consultants and seed dealers iv. Ag Lenders

65 New Herbicides for 2015:????

66 New Herbicide for 2015

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