SUMMARY OF FOODBORNE AND WATERBORNE DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS

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1 SUMMARY OF FOODBNE AND WATERBNE DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS BACTERIAL Bacillus cereus Vomiting toxin Diarrheal toxin Brucella species Campylobacter species Clostridium botulinum Clostridium perfringens 1-6 hours 6-24 hours Several days to several months, usually>30 days 2-10 days, usually 2-5 days 2 hours to 8 days, usually hours Vomiting, occasional diarrhea; fever uncommon, vomiting in some patients; fever uncommon Weakness, fever, headache, sweats, chills, arthralgia, weight loss, splenomegaly bloody), abdominal pain, fever Illness of variable severity; double or blurred vision, weakness, neuromuscular paralysis which is usually descending and bilateral, may progress rapidly 6-24 hours ; vomiting and fever uncommon Emetic toxin Unknown Neurotoxin (heat labile) blood or bone marrow; serological testing Detection of botulinum toxin in serum,, gastric contents or or intestine organisms in Demonstration of enterotoxin in the Rice, cereals, beans, potato, pasta, milk Consumption of unpasteurized milk or dairy products Poultry, poultry products, pork Improperly preserved vegetables, meat, fish Meat, poultry, beans

2 Escherichia coli Enterohemorr hagic (E. coli O157:H7 and other serotypes that produce Shiga toxins EHEC) Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) 1-10 days, usually 4-5 days; approximately 6% go on to develop hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) (children) or thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura(ttp) (adults) 6-48 hours Variable bloody), abdominal (often severe), little or no fever. Acute renal failure in HUS or TTP, nausea; vomiting and fever less common, fever Cytotoxin Adherence clinical specimen demonstrated to produce heatstable and/or heatlabile enterotoxin Beef (especially ground), raw vegetables, unpasteurized fruit juice Enteropathoge nic E. coli (EPEC) Variable Diarrhea (may be bloody),fever, abdominal invasion Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)

3 Listeria monocytogenes Invasive disease 2-6 weeks Meningitis, meningoencephalitis neonatal sepsis, abortions, stillbirths blood or cerebrospinal fluid and isolation of same subtype of Cheese (especially soft varieties) unpasteurized milk and dairy products, meat, raw vegetables Diarrheal disease Salmonella serotype typhi Nontyphoidal salmonellosis 9-32 hours 3-60 days, usually 7-14 days 6-hours-10 days, usually 6-48 hours Diarrhea, often with Fever, anorexia, malaise, headache and myalgia; sometimes diarrhea and constipation Diarrhea, often with invasion and of the same serotype Only found in humans but not part of usual bowl flora Person-to person by oralfecal route by ingestion of food or water contaminated with human excreta Beef, eggs and egg products, melons, raw milk and dairy products, pork, poultry, salads containing protein ingredients, smoked meat and sausage, unpasteurized fruit juice Shigella species 12 hours 6 days, usually 2-4 days bloody), accompanied by invasion, cytotoxin Person to person fecal oral route by ingestion of contaminated food; raw fruits, melons, salads and vegetables

4 Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus group A Vibrio cholerae O1 or O139 Non-O1 and Non O minutes-8 hours, usually 2-4 hours Vomiting, diarrhea 1-4 days Fever, pharyngitis, scarlet fever, upper respiratory infection 1-5 days 1-5 days Watery diarrhea, often accompanied by vomiting Watery diarrhea (heat stable) phage type/ molecular subtype from or vomitus Detection of same serotype of enterotoxin in M or T type from throat M or T type from toxigenic organism from or vomitus Significant rise in vibriocidal, bacterial agglutination, or antitoxin antibodies in acute- and early convalescent-phase sera in persons not recently immunized toxigenic organism from Cream filled baked goods, custards, cheese, corned beef, fermented meats, ham, raw milk, pasta, pork, poultry, smoked meats Raw milk and dairy products, salads containing protein ingredients Molluscan shellfish and other fish, crustacea, by Fecal oral route, ingestion of contaminated water

5 Vibrio parahemolyticus 4-30 hours Diarrhea Unknown Kanagawa-positive Kanagawa-positive Crustacea, fish, molluscan shellfish