Collection and Identification of Micromycetes from Rawalakot Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
|
|
- Jessica Mills
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 International Journal of Agricultural Technology 2014 Vol. 10(2): Available online ISSN (Online) Collection and Identification of Micromycetes from Rawalakot Azad Kashmir, Pakistan Khalid, A. R. 1, Gardezi, S. R. I. 1, Atiq, M 2, Nazir, N. 3 and Shehzad, M. 4* 1 Department of Plant Pathology, The University of Poonch Rawalakot Azad Kashmir, Pakistan, 2 Department of plant pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan, 3 Department of Entomology, The University of Poonch, Rawalakot Azad Kashmir, Pakistan, Department of Agronomy, The University of Poonch, Rawalakot Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. Khalid, A. R., Gardezi, S. R. I., Atiq, M., Nazir, N. and Shehzad, M. (2014). Collection and identification of micromycetes from rawalakot azad Kashmir, Pakistan. International Journal of Agricultural Technology 10(2): Abstract A study to find out the most promising Micromycetes of Azad Jammu Kashmir were carried out and reported the presence of eight species from soil, air and roots of plants on MEA, PDA, CZAPek Dox Agar. Reported species were as follows:- Penicillium aethiopicum, P. atramentosum, Nomuraea viridulus, Paecilomyces herbarum, P. varioti, Mattirolella crustosa, Byssochlamys nivea and B. fulva. Keywords: Micromycetes, Azad Kashmir, Biotrophs, Exenic cultures, Sporulation, Permanent slide. Introduction Fungi are ubiquitous and important because of their presence in all climates and on all substrates. Most of them can be easily cultured though some require special media to grow but the Biotrophs fail to grow axenic cultures. For proper growth and Sporulation of a fungus specific requirements (nutrients, temperature, moisture, light and relative humidity etc.) of a fungus are to be fulfilled (Akar et al., 2006). Few serious and systemic efforts have been made to survey Aspergili of world. Many species of Aspergillus were investigated for the first time (Raper and Thom, 1949). Gardezi (1998) reported thirty four species of fungi from Azad jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. Gardezi et al. (1998) reported two species of Aspergillus flavus and Metarrhizium anisoplia from Azad jammu and Kashmir Pakistan. Gardezi (2006) reported forty species of fungi from Azad Kashmir Pakistan. * Corresponding author: Shehzad, M.; m.shahzaduaf@gmail.com
2 Materials and methods Sample collected ( ) from different localities of Azad jammu and Kashmir in separate sterile cellophane or paper bags were placed in a refrigerator and cultured on agar media as early as possible. Different types of media were prepared for isolation and Sporulation. Specimens of diseased plant material if not sporulating were incubated in a moist chamber to induce Sporulation before isolation. Diseased pieces of roots, stems and rotten fruits were surface sterilized with 10% Sodium hypochlorite (NaCLO) for 1-3 minutes, washed in sterile water and placed in Petri dishes on sterilized agar media. These specimens were incubated at about 26 0 C. Permanent slides of Micromycetes were prepared by cleaning and staining techniques (Bruzzese and Hasan, 1983). Isolation from soil were made by direct soil planting methods (Mirza et al., 1979) and incubated in dark at 26 0 C for 48 to 72 hours. After 24 hours of incubation, fungal colonies start growing. Inoculum from margin of developing young colonies was transferred to fresh plates for purification and further cultural studies. All pure cultures were deposited in department of Plant Pathology, The University of Poonch, Rawalakot. Results and discussions Penicillium eathiopicum Frisvad, Mycologia (6) , Colonies on MEA at 24 0 C growing rapidly, mm in 7 days and mm in 14 days, deeply floccose up to 5 mm after 7 days and often touching the side Petri dishes after 14 days, later collapsing and becoming some what funiculate with fairly abrupt, even circular margin without becoming pale pink, drops sparse tiny, colorless or lacking reverse at first, then gradually burning pale yellow from center to outwards, sometimes shading in pale orange or buff conidial structures which is very simple consisting of single phialides or whorl of phialides occurring irregularly along aerial hyphae, phialides or whorl of phialides conidiophores when present 7-15µm long and µm, at base tapering to a long tube 0.5 µm diameter, usually bent sharply, conidia cylindrical with rounded or pointed end µm, in chains which are twisted but seldom tangled whit mostly µm long occasionally up to 90 µm. Isolates of this species have been identified as P. viridicatum P. crustosum, P. chrysogenum, P. expansum and P. verrucosum var. corymbiferum. This species was reported from tropical soil (Frisvad and Filtenborg, 1989) cereals (Denmark) having rough stipe s on MEA and first time from cereals of Rawalakot Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan. 400
3 International Journal of Agricultural Technology 2014, Vol. 10(2): Penicillium atrramentosum Thom. Bull. Colonies on Czapek Dox Agar Media 24ºC growing moderately well mm, in 7 days and mm in14 days, 2-4 mm deep forming at first a loosely floccose, cushion becoming more densely matted and eventually funiculose with maximum branches and phialides from lower modes, conidiophores arising from aerial hyphea µm long or from the mycelium close to substrate and then longer up to 400 µm, smooth septate, 7-2 µm in diameter, phialides whorls of up to µm long almost cylindrical basal portion µm diameter and long tip 5-7 µm diameter conidia cylindrical to fusiform 4-6 x µm in length almost straight chains, which seldom become tangled abortive heads are common. Especially in stack cultures, consisting of swollen curled and twisted hyphae in place of normal phialides or faint and sweet reverse white at first becoming clear pale yellow or yellow patches of greenish yellow finely zoned with grayish violet blue grey, conidial structures varying from single phialides to whorls with a treatment whorls of phialides and with a few or gradually turning white at first becoming very pale blue gray drops nil. P. atramentosum is quite common in soil of Netherland, U. K. and found in red pepper, hay cucumber, carrot, spoiled bread (Denmark) and camembert cheese Frisvad and Filtenborg (1989). P. atramentosum is similar to P. chrysogenum microscopically but different from latter, more common species by good growth on MEA, dark conidia, good relationship with P. excalicum, by Raper and Thom (1949). Nomuraea viridulus Tzean. Hsieb Cheng et Wu. Mycologia 84: , Colonies on MEA growing slowly,18-20 mm in 14 days consisting of atoungh metted basal felt with a thin floccose at first Pure white,eventually developing a pale pink tinged, sometimes with a green tint showing through from the reversed, drops large, sparse, colourless to faint yellow or lacking, reverse at first white becoming olive green to datk green,often more or less zoned and shading to white or yellow at margin with colour not diffusing, conidial structures elongated to compact varying in complexity from single detached phialides to ends with at terminal whorls of phialides and whorls of branchesand phialieds from lower nodes. Conidiophores fluxuous bearing irregular verticals and metulae,appressed whorls of phialides arising from aerial hyphae fairly short or from the basal felt and then up to 150 X 1-2 µm diameter, often swollen at the tip to 3-5 µm septate,smooth, phialides X 4 401
4 µm long with basal portion cylindrical µm um diam,tapering at at just over half to long to a narrow tube µm,.conidia broadly elliptical finally roxg zoned 3-4 x 2-3 µm hyaline under the microscope but very pale pink in mass in chains which are usually less than 100 µm long divergent, straight or indulate, seldom tangled and complex. The distinguishing characters of N. viridulus consist of erect fluxuous bearing irregular verticals and metulae, appressed whorls of phialides, phialides without collula and huge cylindrical, ellipsoidal, usually slightly curved or allantoid conidia Tzean et al. ( 1992). Paecilomyces herbarum Agnes, Brown and Smith. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Sco.40:17-89, Colonies on Czapek, agar broadly spreading with medium rate of growth, slow growing 7mm diameter, in 7 days, thin, wet, transparent, not showingany sign of sporing, after2 dirregularly branched, verticillate, 2um diam, phialides verticals 1-2um diameter, at base um diameter, rough toward the base. Conidia irregularly ellipsoid, frequently, roughened 6-14um. In its natural habitat on old stems of herbaceous plant, forms a thin funiculose mycelium close to the substrate with funiculose aerial tufts, sporing structure very similar to those produced on PDA but phialides occasionally longer up to 20 um.conidia germinate very slowly. Spores from a three months old culture on PDA source directly on the surface of fresh PDA, showed no sign of germination or even erswelling after 24 hours. After 24 hours most of the conidia had enlarged slightly in width and a high percentage had produced germ tube, even after 24 hours some of the conidia were just showing first signs of germination. The germ tubes are formed from any part of the surface of the spores, but most of polar. Spores produced two germ tubes each, by germinating successively Agnes et al. (1957). Paecilomyces varioti Bainier. Saccardo, Sylloge 20, 1911, Sylloge 22, Colonies on Czapek growing moderately rapidly, becoming 10-20mm, deep, consisting of a dense matted basal felt with floccose funiculose overgrowth, with margin either narrow and abrupt or broad, ochraceous, shading through pale yellow to white at the margin, becoming deeper in colour. Odour nill after 6-7 days sweet aromatic, fruiting bodies variable, ranging from solitary phialides to complex heads with several stages of branching usually irregular, consisting whorls of phialides mixed with secondry branches, conidiophores arising from aerial hyphae often lacking x 2-7 µm, phialides up to 7 in whorl cylindrical basal portion, tapering, long slender tube 2 µm, in diam but sharply, variable 7-16 µm x 1-2 µm in diam at the broadest part. Conidia smooth, ellipsoid to cylindrical 2-6 µm x 1-3 µm. 402
5 International Journal of Agricultural Technology 2014, Vol. 10(2): This species is common and cosmopolitan in occurrence on a wide variety of substrate, occasional strains, comparatively restricted or remain very pale colored, Agnes et al. (1957). P. varioti has closely related species are P. divaricatum, P. mandshuricum, Corollium dermatophagum and Eidamia catenulate described by Raper and Thom (1949) who had seen it in situ isolates. Mattirolella crustosa Thorni and Kimbrough Mycologia 74: , Colonies on Czapek, s agar at 24ºC growing fairly rapidly, mm, in 7 days and 40-45mm, in 14 days varying in depth from 2mm to the limits of the Petri dishes, loose floccose becoming denser in age, white, tinged with yellow in center, drops nil, odour nil, reserve white with a central spot of clear yellow, sporing structure simple, consisting of single phialides borne directly on aerial hyphae, or of loose branching systems which are seldom recognizably pencillate, conidiophores µm, long and 1-2 µm, diam. Slightly swollen at apex, smooth, septate, phialides very variable, sometimes of the Paecilomyces type, tapering gradually from base to apex, µm x µm, at widest part, conidia variable, subglobose, elliptical, or cylindrical µm x µm, in short chains, but with the spores lying broad side on to one another, or more or less diagonal or sliming down completely to form irregular spores ball. Colonies on malt agar similar but growing somewhat less dense, spores mostly irregular masses, rarely in chains. This species seem to form a link between Paecilomyces and Cordyceps since the phialides may be typical or genus and the species may be either in chains or in balls. M. crustosa, composed basal layer of sporodochium entirely of haustorial mother cells, Khan and Kimbrough (1974). Thorne and Kimborgue (1982) saw M. crustosa (Thax.) Khan and Kimborgue, attached to the exoskeleton of host termites. Colla (1929) described originally that M. sylvestil penetrated in single layer of exoskeleton cells of Rhinotermes marginalis (L) inducing hypertrophy in epidermis. Byssochlamys ninea Westling p. 134 Taf. 4 Colonies on PDA spreding rapidly, covering a Petri dish in 7 days, consisting at first of a loosely floccose to funiculose mat, becoming a densely matted felt with some loosely funiculose tufts, dying down in age, appearing almost granular with margin thin arachnoid during the growing period,white to fast off white, drops lacking at first, then faintly moudly, reverse white becoming faintly yellowish, conidial structures sparse, but when present similar to those on malt agar, sporodochium numerous, conglomerate, globose to subglobose, µm x µm. This species is reported from the soil of Rawalakot on Westling (1909) isolated it from the specimens of the Geastrum and described it as perfect stage of Paecilomyces (Agnes et al., 403
6 1957)Bainier (1907) emphasized on paeciliomyces, Aspergillus, penicillium, relationship and their distinct features. Byssochlamys fulva Olliner et.smit 1933,P197,Pl.602. Colonies on Malt agar at 30C similar to colonies of Czapek, s Dox Agar Medium but growing rather more rapidly and somewhat deeply floccose when young, conidial structures usually evident, the moer complex ones consisting of several whorls of phialides, or mixed phialides and branches borne at successive nodes along the conidiophores, bot all types produce from these comparatively complex heads to single phialides borne directly on trailing hyphae, conidiophores when present µm long and 2-4 µm diam., somewhat branched, phialides with swollen base and tapering at about ½ the length to a long thin tube about ½ µm in diam, very variable in length 8-19 µm and µm diam. At the broadest part conidia smooth, broad ellipsoid, often with one end slightly flattened 9.8 µm x µm. This species reported from Rawalakot on This species was described by Olliver and Rendle (1934). Hull (1939) fairly common organism in orchard soil of England and serious problem in fruit preserving industry recorded. According Raper and Thom (1949) is not reported from any country except as B.musticola from USSR. References Agnes, H., Brown, S. and Smith, G. (1957). The Genus Paecilomyces Bainier and its perfect stage Byssochlamys Westling. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 40: Akhter, N., Mirza, J. H. and Bajwa, R. (2006). Aspergilli from soil of Lahore and vicinity. Mycopathology 2: Bainier, G. (1907). Mycotheque de I. Ecole de Pharmcie. XI Paecilomyces genrenouveaee de Mucedinees Bulletin de la Societe mycologique de France 23: Bruzzese, E. and Husan, S. (1983). A whole leaf cleaning and staining technique for host specificity studies of rust fungi. C. S. I. R. O. Biological control unit Plant Pathology 32: Frisvad, J. C. and Filtenborg, O. (1989). Ternesticillate penicellate: Chemotaxonomy and Mtcotoxin Production. Mycologia 81: Gardazi, S. R. A. and Mahmood, K. (1998). Some Entomogenous fungi: Infectious to Maize Stem Borer. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture 14: Gardazi, S.R.A., Mahmood, K. and Hussain, M. (1998). Effect of certain pathogenic fungi for the of maize stem borer. Pakistan Journal of Phytopathology 10: Gardezi, S. R. A. (2006). Studies on the Application of Fungi and Bacteria on controlling insects pests of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection 39: Hull, R. (1939). Study of Byssochlamys fulva and control measures in processed fruit. Annals of Applied Biology 26:
7 International Journal of Agricultural Technology 2014, Vol. 10(2): Khan, S. R. and Kimbrough, J. W. (1974a). Taxonomic position of Termitaria mattirolella (Entomogenous Deutromycetes) Panamanian termites. American Journal of Botany 61: Khan, S. R. and Kimbrough, J. W. (1974b). Morphology and development of Termitaria synderi. Mycologia 66: Mirza, J. H., Khan, S. M., Begum, S. and Shugufta, S. (1979). Mucorales of Pakistan. University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan. Olliver, M. and Rendle, G. (1933). Byssochlamys fulva. Journal of Botany 71: Raper, K. B. and Thom, C. (1949). A manual of Penicillia. Williams and Wilkins. Baltimore. pp Thorne, B. L. and Kimbrough, J. W. (1982). The impact of Mattirolella crustosa (Termitariaoles, Deutromycetes) on species of (Nasutermes, Termitidae: Isoptera) in Panama. Mycologia 74: Tzean, S. S., Hsieh, L. S. Chen, J. L. and Wu, W. J. (1992). Nomuraea viridulus, A new Entomogenous fungus from Taiwan. Mycologia 84: Westling, R. (1909). Byssochlamys nivea foreningslank mellen familjerna Gymnoascaceaem Och Endomycetaceae. Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift 3: (Received 27 October 2013; accepted 28 February 2014) 405
First Report of Penicillium adametzioides from Decayed Grapes (Vitis vinifera) in Pakistan
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 5 Number 12 (2016) pp. 316-320 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2016.512.034
More informationRAFI, M. AND SAJJAD-UR-RAHMAN Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE & BIOLOGY 1560 8530/00/04 4 553 558 http://www.ijab.org Isolation and Identification of Indigenous Penicillium chrysogenum Series RAFI, M. AND SAJJAD-UR-RAHMAN Department
More informationREINWARDTIA Published by Herbarium Bogoriense LBN, Bogor Vol. 10, Part 2, pp (1985) THE ANAMORPH OF SARAWAKUS SUCCISUS RIFAI
REINWARDTIA Published by Herbarium Bogoriense LBN, Bogor Vol. 10, Part 2, pp. 265 270 (1985) THE ANAMORPH OF SARAWAKUS SUCCISUS RIFAI MIEN A. RIFAI, KARTINI KRAMADIBRATA Herbarium Bogorievnc LBN, Bogor,
More informationA Cladosarum-like spontaneous mutant of Aspergillus aureolatus
A Cladosarum-like spontaneous mutant of Aspergillus aureolatus By M. Muntanjola-Cvetkovic & J. Bata Institute for Biological Research Botanicki Zavod, Takovska 43, Belgrade, Yugoslavia Summary. A spontaneous
More informationColonial and Morphological Characteristics of various fungi Species Isolated from soil in Bangalore city
Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences Bull. Env. Pharmacol. Life Sci., Vol 6[1] December 2016: 17-21 2016 Academy for Environment and Life Sciences, India Online ISSN 2277-1808 Journal
More informationThis is the written version of our Hot Topic video presentation available at: MayoMedicalLaboratories.com/hot-topics
This is the written version of our Hot Topic video presentation available at: MayoMedicalLaboratories.com/hot-topics Welcome to Mayo Medical Laboratories hot topics. These presentations provide short discussion
More informationInternational Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences ISSN : Research Article
International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences ISSN : 2348-8069 www.ijarbs.com Research Article First Report of Penicillium digitatum (Pers. ex Fr.) Sacc. causing a postharvest green
More informationSubcutaneous Mycosis
Subcutaneous Mycosis Fungal infections 1. Superficial mycosis. 2. Coetaneous mycosis: Dermatophytoses. 3. Subcutaneous mycosis. 4. Systemic mycosis. 5. Opportunistic mycosis. Subcutanus mycoses Fungal
More informationTree and Shrub Disease
n t h r a A n t h r a c n o s e A number of different trees are affected by anthracnose disease. This fungal disease can cause severe leaf blighting and deformation, but in many cases the damage to the
More informationIntroduction. Study of fungi called mycology.
Fungi Introduction Study of fungi called mycology. Some fungi are beneficial: ex a) Important in production of some foods, ex: cheeses, bread. b) Important in production of some antibiotics, ex: penicillin
More informationHands-on identification of vegetable diseases: Roses
Hands-on identification of vegetable diseases: Roses Theme: How to diagnose a specific disease from diseases or disorders with similar symptoms. Mathews Paret, Susannah Da Silva, Binoy Babu, Fanny Iriarte,
More informationSTUDIES ON CULTURAL, MORPHOLOGICAL AND PATHOGENIC VARIABILITY AMONG THE ISOLATES OF FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM F. SP. CICERI CAUSING WILT OF CHICKPEA
Volume-7, Issue-1 Jan-Mar-2017 Coden: IJPAJX-CAS-USA, Copyrights@2015ISSN-2231-4490 Received: 1 st Oct-2016 Revised: 26 th Nov-2016 Accepted: 27 th Nov-2016 DOI: 10.21276/Ijpaes http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ijpaes
More information7-001a: Blotter method for the detection of Alternaria dauci on Daucus carota (carrot)
International Rules for Seed Testing Annexe to Chapter 7: Seed Health Testing Methods 7-001a: Blotter method for the detection of Alternaria dauci on Daucus carota (carrot) Published by: International
More informationDetection and Enumeration of Heat-Resistant Molds
Detection and Enumeration of Heat-Resistant Molds Chapter 21 Detection and Enumeration of Heat-Resistant Molds L. R. Beuchat and J. I. Pitt 21.1 INTRODUCTION Spoilage of thermally processed fruits and
More informationNotice to EMPAT Participants
Notice to EMPAT Participants 1. Please note the following contacts: Please direct all import permit questions and sample receiving issues to Applied Environmental, Inc. by email at empat.coordinator@appliedhrs.com.
More informationJournal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2017, 9(1): Review Article. Graphium Salixicum: A New Species Explored from Salix Alba
Available online www.jocpr.com Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2017, 9(1):69-74 Review Article ISSN : 0975-7384 CODEN(USA) : JCPRC5 Graphium Salixicum: A New Species Explored from Salix
More informationMango Dieback and Gummosis in Sindh, Pakistan Caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae
2004 Plant Management Network. Accepted for publication 16 January 2004. Published 2 March 2004. Mango Dieback and Gummosis in Sindh, Pakistan Caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae Muhammad Ali Khanzada,
More informationEarly Stages of Infection of Lily Leaves by Botrytis elliptica and B. cinerea
Plant Pathology Bulletin 12:103-108, 2003 Early Stages of Infection of Lily Leaves by Botrytis elliptica and B. cinerea Ping-Fu Hou 1 and Chao-Ying Chen 1,2 1 Department of Plant Pathology, National Taiwan
More informationWS0210 Practical 1.Introducing fungi and experimental design
WS0210 Practical 1.Introducing fungi and experimental design Introduction What is biology? It is the study of organisms and of life. It includes investigations of tiny bacteria, kangaroos and gum trees,
More informationEvaluation of an alternative slide culture technique for the morphological identification of fungal species
Research Article Evaluation of an alternative slide culture technique for the morphological identification of fungal species Abstract M H Wijedasa 1, L V C Liyanapathirana 1. Sri Lanka Journal of Infectious
More informationStaphylococci. Gram stain: gram positive cocci arranged in clusters.
Microbiology lab Respiratory system Third medical year Lab contents: Gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus and Streptococcus spp), two types of filamentous fungi (Aspergillus and Penicillium spp), and
More information7-002b: Malt agar method for the detection of Alternaria radicina on Daucus carota (carrot)
International Rules for Seed Testing Annexe to Chapter 7: Seed Health Testing Methods 7-002b: Malt agar method for the detection of Alternaria radicina on Daucus carota (carrot) Published by: International
More informationBlotter method for the detection of Alternaria dauci on Daucus carota
International Rules for Seed Testing Annexe to Chapter 7: Seed Health Testing Methods 7-001a: Blotter method for the detection of Alternaria dauci on Daucus carota Published by: International Seed Testing
More informationBiological control of Tradescantia fluminensis with pathogens report August 2011
Biological control of Tradescantia fluminensis with pathogens report August 2011 Robert W. Barreto 1 Davi M. Macedo 1 1 Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 3657-000,
More information7-002a: Blotter method for the detection of Alternaria radicina on Daucus carota (carrot)
International Rules for Seed Testing Annexe to Chapter 7: Seed Health Testing Methods 7-002a: Blotter method for the detection of Alternaria radicina on Daucus carota (carrot) Published by: International
More information7-001b: Malt agar method for the detection of Alternaria dauci on Daucus carota (carrot)
International Rules for Seed Testing Annexe to Chapter 7: Seed Health Testing Methods 7-001b: Malt agar method for the detection of Alternaria dauci on Daucus carota (carrot) Published by: International
More informationWorld Journal of Microbiology Vol. 1(2), pp , September, ISSN: XXXX-XXXX
World Journal of Microbiology Vol. 1(2), pp. 013-016, September, 2014. www.premierpublishers.org, ISSN: XXXX-XXXX WJM Research Article Study of Fungal Genus Gyrothrix Corda from the forest flora of Indian
More informationResearch & Reviews: Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
e-issn:2320-3528 Research & Reviews: Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology Two Novel Eupenicillium Species Isolated from Soil in China Hong-Kai Wang, Yi-Chen Cao, Fu-Cheng Lin* State Key Laboratory
More information7-012: Detection of Alternaria padwickii on Oryza sativa (Rice)
International Rules for Seed Testing Annexe to Chapter 7: Seed Health Testing Methods Published by: International Seed Testing Association (ISTA), Bassersdorf, Switzerland 2014 DISCLAIMER: whilst ISTA
More informationEAR AND KERNEL ROTS. When to look for: Mid-August to October (and during storage)
EAR AND KERNEL ROTS When to look for: Mid-August to October (and during storage) Reduction in yield and grain quality due to infection by fungi of ears and kernels both during the growing season, and while
More informationRank: Type 021N ranks 3rd in number of predominance. (SVI values can exceed 500 mg/l) Rapid growth of this filament can cause
Ok, Let's start with the standard information for the filament Type 021N Identification: Relatively large, non-motile filaments (100->1000 µm). Straight or smoothly curved, sometimes coiled filaments with
More informationBlotter method for the detection of Alternaria radicina on Daucus carota
International Rules for Seed Testing Annexe to Chapter 7: Seed Health Testing Methods 7-002a: Blotter method for the detection of Alternaria radicina on Daucus carota Published by: International Seed Testing
More informationFungi Isolated from Flue-cured Tobacco at Time of Sale and After Storage1
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Mar. 1969, p. 360-365 Copyright 1969 American Society for Microbiology Vol. 17, No. 3 Printed in U.S.A. Fungi Isolated from Flue-cured Tobacco at Time of Sale and After Storage1 R.
More informationVariability Among the Isolates of Sarocladium Oryzae Incitant of Rice Sheath Rot
Available online at www.ijpab.com DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.5525 ISSN: 2320 7051 Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 5 (6): 1528-1537 (2017) Research Article Variability Among the Isolates of Sarocladium
More informationScanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) of Seed Infected with Seed Borne Fungi
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 07 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.707.476
More informationreport on PLANT DISEASE FUNGAL LEAF SPOTS OF BLACK WALNUT
report on PLANT DISEASE RPD No. 600 1987 DEPARTMENT OF CROP SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN FUNGAL LEAF SPOTS OF BLACK WALNUT Several important fungal leaf spot diseases of black walnut
More informationA Simple, Direct Plating Method, Alternative to Dilution Plating, for Estimation of the Abundance of Penicillium verrucosum on Incubated Cereal Grain
Polish Journal of Microbiology 2006, Vol. 55, No 3, 237 241 A Simple, Direct Plating Method, Alternative to Dilution Plating, for Estimation of the Abundance of Penicillium verrucosum on Incubated Cereal
More informationStilbella holubovae, a new synnematous hyphomycete species on driftwood from the Philippines and South Africa
Stilbella holubovae, a new synnematous hyphomycete species on driftwood from the Philippines and South Africa Keith A. Seifert 1, Susan J. Stanley 2 and Kevin D. Hyde 2 Centre for Land and Biological Resources
More information7-011: Detection of Pyricularia oryzae on Oryza sativa (Rice)
International Rules for Seed Testing Annexe to Chapter 7: Seed Health Testing Methods Published by: International Seed Testing Association (ISTA), Bassersdorf, Switzerland 2014 DISCLAIMER: whilst ISTA
More informationLESSON ASSIGNMENT. Introduction to Medical Mycology. After completing this lesson, you should be able to:
LESSON ASSIGNMENT LESSON 1 Introduction to Medical Mycology. TEXT ASSIGNMENT Paragraphs 1-1 through 1-7. TASKS OBJECTIVES After completing this lesson, you should be able to: 1-1. Select the statement
More informationCULTURAL, MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL VARIATIONS OF ALTERNARIA SOLANI CAUSING DISEASES ON SOLANACEOUS CROPS
NSave Nature to Survive 9(3): 1295-1300, 2014 (Supplement on Plant Pathology) www.thebioscan.in CULTURAL, MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL VARIATIONS OF ALTERNARIA SOLANI CAUSING DISEASES ON SOLANACEOUS CROPS
More informationInternational Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 8, Issue 1, January ISSN
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 8, Issue 1, January-2017 1710 SPECIES OF FUNGI PRODUCING MYCOTOXINS ISOLATED FROM DETERIORATED VEGETABLE OILS (GARLIC OIL, OLIVE OIL AND
More informationOHIO ASCOMYCETE NOTES TALAROMYCES FROM SOILS OF SOUTHERN OHIO 1
II. OHIO ASCOMYCETE NOTES TALAROMYCES FROM SOILS OF SOUTHERN OHIO 1 L. H. HUANG 2 AND J. A. SCHMITT Department of Botany, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210 HUANG, L. H. AND J. A. SCHMITT.
More informationSTUDIES ON FUNGAL POPULATION OF CUMIN (NIGELLA SATIVA L.) FROM DIFFERENT PARTS OF MARATHWADA.
STUDIES ON FUNGAL POPULATION OF CUMIN (NIGELLA SATIVA L.) FROM DIFFERENT PARTS OF MARATHWADA. Dr. Sumia Fatima Yogesh C. Khot Dept. of Botany, Dr. Rafiq Zakaria College for Women, Aurangabad Maharastra
More informationExercise 6. Procedure
Exercise 6 Procedure Growing of root tips Select a few medium-sized onion bulbs. Carefully remove the dry roots present. Grow root tips by placing the bulbs on glass tubes (of about 3 4 cm. diameter) filled
More informationA novel method for the management of mealybug in Cotton.
A novel method for the management of mealybug in Cotton. Gulsar Banu J Principal Scientist, Central Institute for Cotton Research, Regional Station, Coimbatore-641 003. Tamil Nadu Introduction Due to large
More informationNEW FUNGAL RECORDS ON EUCALYPTUS SPP. FROM DISTRICT FAISALABAD PAKISTAN
Pak. J. Bot., 42(5): 3317-3321, 2010. NEW FUNGAL RECORDS ON EUCALYPTUS SPP. FROM DISTRICT FAISALABAD PAKISTAN SYED QAISER ABBAS, TEHREEMA IFTIKHAR, MUBASHIR NIAZ AND NAILA SADAF Department of Botany, Government
More informationStructure & Life Cycle of Anthoceros
Structure & Life Cycle of Anthoceros Anthoceros General Characters Gametophytic Plant Body (The Adult gametophyte) Vegetative Structure: External Features It occurs in moist, shaded habitats in sub-tropical
More informationPhialomyces fusiformis sp. nov. from soil in Singapore is identified and described
Mycologia, 95(5), 2003, pp. 896 901. 2003 by The Mycological Society of America, Lawrence, KS 66044-8897 Phialomyces fusiformis sp. nov. from soil in Singapore is identified and described G. Delgado Rodriguez
More informationFirst Report of Banana Septoria Leaf Spot Disease Caused by Septoria eumusae in Iran
International Journal of Farming and Allied Sciences Available online at www.ijfas.com 2014 IJFAS Journal-2014-3-11/1140-1144/ 30 November, 2014 ISSN 2322-4134 2014 IJFAS First Report of Banana Septoria
More informationTo produce its kind is a
12 Reproduction in Plants To produce its kind is a characteristic of all living organisms. You have already learnt this in Class VI. The production of new individuals from their parents is known as reproduction.
More informationEpidemiological Research on Botrytis Diseases of Tulip Plants Caused by B. tulipae and B. cinerea
Epidemiological Research on Botrytis Diseases of Tulip Plants Caused by and B. cinerea Kie Yamada, Takeharu Aoki, Chiharu Ikeda, Yukari Ichiman, Yuji Kanno, Tomohiro Suzuki, Hirotaka Nagashima, Masami
More informationAsian Journal of Medical and Biological Research ISSN (Print) (Online)
, 221-228; doi: 10.3329/ajmbr.v2i2.29064 Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research ISSN 2411-4472 (Print) 2412-5571 (Online) www.ebupress.com/journal/ajmbr Article Growth response of Aspergillus
More informationStudies on cultural, morphological variability in isolates of Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc., incitant of dry root-rot of Citrus
Studies on cultural, morphological variability in isolates of Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc., incitant of dry root-rot of Citrus M. Ravi Chandran and M. Reddi Kumar* Department of Plant Pathology, S.V.
More informationCultural and Physiological Variation Between Isolates of Stemphylium botryosum the Causal of Stemphylium Blight Disease of Lentil (Lens culinaris)
World Journal of Agricultural Sciences 5 (): 94-98, 2009 ISSN 87-3047 IDOSI Publications, 2009 Cultural and Physiological Variation Between Isolates of Stemphylium botryosum the Causal of Stemphylium Blight
More informationALTHOUGH Piloboliis has been extensively studied both by myco-
[58] THE SPORANGIOPHORE OF PILOBOLUS BY C. T. INGOLD Department of Botany, University of Reading (With 2 figures in the text) ALTHOUGH Piloboliis has been extensively studied both by myco- ^ logists and
More informationDiversity of Endophytic and Rhizosphere Soil Fungi of Avicennia marina in Maravakadu Mangrove Forest
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS) e-issn: 2278-3008, p-issn:2319-7676. Volume 9, Issue 2 Ver. VII (Mar-Apr. 2014), PP 24-28 Diversity of Endophytic and Rhizosphere Soil Fungi
More informationCHAPTER II THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND CULTURE MEDIUM ON THE GROWTH AND SPORULATION OF DRECHSLERA CATENARIA
CHAPTER II THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND CULTURE MEDIUM ON THE GROWTH AND SPORULATION OF DRECHSLERA CATENARIA 61 \ INTRODUCTION Sporulation and growth of fungi are affected by light, temperature, relative
More informationForest Pest Management
PRONG BINDER Forest Pest Management SD Ii4-4 Alq yip. 85 - D3 Report 85-23 PATHOGENIC FUSARIUM ON SPRUCE SEED FROM THE TCWNER NURSERY, NORTH DAKOTA 3450 September 1985 by R. L. James, Plant Pathologist
More informationTHE OCCURRENCE AND EFFECTS OF CEPHALOTHECIUM ROSEUM ON AVOCADO
California Avocado Society 1951 Yearbook 36: 179-185 THE OCCURRENCE AND EFFECTS OF CEPHALOTHECIUM ROSEUM ON AVOCADO John Wesley Yale, Jr. and George R. Johnstone John Wesley Yale, Jr. (at the time of writing)
More informationDiversity and Selectivity of Mycotoxin Fungi Affecting Arachis hypogaea Seed Quality in Western Kenya
ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 3 (2015) pp. 216-221 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Diversity and Selectivity of Mycotoxin Fungi Affecting Arachis hypogaea Seed Quality in Western Kenya
More informationMOULDS ASSOCIATED WITH MILK DEPENDING ON MACROCLIMATE AND GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION
- 61 - MOULDS ASSOCIATED WITH MILK DEPENDING ON MACROCLIMATE AND GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION D. PEŠIĆ-MIKULEC 1, * L. STOJANOVIĆ 2 L. JOVANOVIĆ 3 1 Veterinary Research Institute Belgrade, Serbia, Yugoslavia
More informationFlower Morphology. Flower Structure. Name
right 84 83 82 81 80 79 78 77 76 75 74 73 72 71 70 69 68 67 score 100 98.8 97.6 96.4 95.2 94.0 92.9 91.7 90.5 89.3 88.1 86.9 85.7 84.5 83.3 82.1 81.0 79.8 Flower Morphology Name You are already familiar
More informationDactylella shizishanna sp. nov., from Shizi Mountain, China
Dactylella shizishanna sp. nov., from Shizi Mountain, China XueFeng Liu 1,2 and KeQin Zhang 1 * 1 Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resource, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091,
More informationLecture 03 - Diseases of Banana (2 Lectures)
Lecture 03 - Diseases of Banana (2 Lectures) Panama disease :Fusarium oxysporum f. spcubense Economic Importance The first major disease which attacked banana was called Panama disease from the area where
More informationPRESENTER: DENNIS NYACHAE MOSE KENYATTA UNIVERSITY
18/8/2016 SOURCES OF MICROBIAL CONTAMINANTS IN BIOSAFETY LABORATORIES IN KENYA PRESENTER: DENNIS NYACHAE MOSE KENYATTA UNIVERSITY 1 INTRODUCTION Contamination occurs through avoidable procedural errors
More informationStructural aspects regarding formation and emission of Diaporthe (Phomopsis) helianthi ascospores
Structural aspects regarding formation and emission of Diaporthe (Phomopsis) helianthi ascospores Valentina Androsova 1, Irina Balakhnina 1, Thomas Gulya 2 1 All-Russian Research Institute of Biological
More informationMSES consultants, inc.
MSES consultants, inc. 609 West Main Street P.O. Drawer 190 Clarksburg, WV 26302-0190 304.624.9700 304.622.0981 304.842.3325 http://www.msesinc.com Office September 13, 2012 Project Number: 12-437 Mr.
More information7-007: Detection of Alternaria linicola, Botrytis cinerea and Colletotrichum lini on Linum usitatissimum (flax) seed
International Rules for Seed Testing Annexe to Chapter 7: Seed Health Testing Methods 7-007: Detection of Alternaria linicola, Botrytis cinerea and Colletotrichum lini on Linum usitatissimum (flax) seed
More informationMahesh Singh, H.K. Singh, Shiwangi, Madan Maurya
Volume: 3, Issue: 6, 33-37 June 2015 www.biosciencejournals.com ISSN: 2321-9122 Impact Factor: 3.742 Mahesh Singh Department of Agriculture Sciences Dr. K.N. Modi University, Newai, Tonk Rajasthan H.K.
More informationEffect of Environmental Factors on the Growth of Aspergillus Species Associated with Stored Millet Grains in Sokoto.
Available online at http://www.ajol.info/index.php/njbas/index Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Science (2011), 19(2):218-223 ISSN 0794-5698 ffect of nvironmental Factors on the Growth of Aspergillus
More informationCytoplasmic changes Nuclear changes
The presence of infection in the female genital tract may procure certain cellular changes in the epithelium. Such changes are seen in nucleus and cytoplasm surrounding the nucleus. Cytoplasmic changes
More informationethylene glycol. The latter was regarded as the more suitable solvent, by Smith and Clark (1937) one of the important differential points
STUDIES OF THE COMMON AEROBIC SPORE-FORMING BACILLI, I. STAINING FOR FAT WITH SUDAN BLACK B-SAFRANIN KENNETH L. BURDON,2 Consultant, JULIA C. STOKES, Junior Bacteriologist, AND CECIL E. KIMBROUGH, Assistant
More informationA NOTE ON THE CONIDIAL SCAR IN THE XYLARIACEAE
New PhytoL (1967) 66, 65-66. A NOTE ON THE CONIDIAL SCAR IN THE XYLARIACEAE BY G. N. GREENHALGH The Hartley Botanical Laboratories, University of Liverpool {Received 5 July 1966) The conidial scars produced
More informationNursing college, Second stage Microbiology Dr.Nada Khazal K. Hendi Medical Microbiology
1 Nursing college, Second stage Microbiology Medical Microbiology Lecture-1- Fungi (Mycosis) They are a diverse group of saprophytic and parasitic eukaryotic organisms. Human fungal diseases (mycoses)
More informationRalstonia solanacearum PathoScreen Kit DAS ELISA, peroxidase label Catalog number: PSP 33900
List of contents Ralstonia solanacearum PathoScreen Kit Lot number Item 96 wells 288 wells 480 wells Antibody coated 96-well microtiter plates 1 3 5 Peroxidase enzyme conjugate, ready to use 11 ml 33 ml
More informationTo produce its kind is a
12 12 Reproduction in Plants To produce its kind is a characteristic of all living organisms. You have already learnt this in Class VI. The production of new individuals from their parents is known as
More informationMorphological Characteristics of Conidiogenesis in Cordyceps militaris
Mycobiology 33(2): 69-76 (2005) Copyright 2005 by The Korean Society of Mycology Morphological Characteristics of Conidiogenesis in Cordyceps militaris Bhushan Shrestha, Sang-Kuk Han, Kwon-Sang Yoon 1
More informationTropentag 2012, Göttingen, Germany September 19-21, 2012
Tropentag 2012, Göttingen, Germany September 19-21, 2012 Conference on International Research on Food Security, Natural Resource Management and Rural Development organised by: Georg-August Universität
More informationPyricularia grisea causes blight of buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) in Queensland, Australia
Tropical Grasslands (999) Volume??, 00 00 Pyricularia grisea causes blight of buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) in Queensland, Australia ROSS F. PERROTT AND SUKUMAR CHAKRABORTY CSIRO Tropical Agriculture,
More informationPhylogenetic Analysis, Morphology and Pathogenicity of Penicillium spp. associated with Blue Mold of Apple in Korea
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE Vol. 37, No. 3, pp. 341-350, DECEMBER 2010, CHUNGNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Phylogenetic Analysis, Morphology and Pathogenicity of Penicillium spp. associated with Blue Mold
More informationTwo new species of Corynespora from Uttar Pradesh, India
Two new species of Corynespora from Uttar Pradesh, India Kumar S 1,2*, Singh R 2, Gond DK 1 and Saini DC 1 1 Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, 53, University Road, Lucknow 226007(U.P.), India. 2
More informationEn tornology. FUNGI PARASITIC ON THE NYMPH OF MOGANNZA HEBES WALKER IN TAIWAN L. S; Leu and Z. N. Wang Tainan Sugar Experiment Station Tainan, Taiwan
En tornology FUNGI PARASITIC ON THE NYMPH OF MOGANNZA HEBES WALKER IN TAIWAN L. S; Leu and Z. N. Wang Tainan Sugar Experiment Station Tainan, Taiwan ABSTRACT Two species of parasitic fungi, lsaris sinclairii
More informationIntroduction Medical Mycology
Introduction Medical Mycology Mycology is the study of fungi and fungus-caused disease (mycology >> mycous in Greek language which means roots) fungi are -widely distributed in the nature - eukaryotic
More informationI. Using a Microscope
Name: Date: Period: I. Using a Microscope Skills * using a compound light microscope * making a wet mount Objectives * Demonstrate the proper use and care of a compound light microscope * Focus the compound
More informationAsian Journal of Food and Agro-Industry ISSN Available online at
As. J. Food Ag-Ind. 2009, Special Issue, S24-S30 Research Article Asian Journal of Food and Agro-Industry ISSN 1906-3040 Available online at www.ajofai.info Antifungal properties of essential oils from
More informationGoosiomyces bambusicola - A new cheirosporous anamorphic species from Western Ghats, India.
Current Research in Environmental & Applied Mycology 4 (2): 211 216 (2014) ISSN 2229-2225 www.creamjournal.org Article CREAM Copyright 2014 Doi 10.5943/cream/4/2/8 Online Edition Goosiomyces bambusicola
More informationA BIOMETRIC STUDY OF THE CONIDIA OF MACROSPORIUM AND ALTERNARIA.
A BIOMETRIC STUDY OF THE CONIDIA OF MACROSPORIUM AND ALTERNARIA. By F. W. Wakefield, District Forester, Southern Tasmania. (Witli 1 Text Figure;.) (Read 10th April, 1922.) Alternaria and Macrosporiurn
More informationFlower Morphology. Flower Structure
wrong 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 right 84 83 82 81 80 79 78 77 76 75 74 73 72 71 70 69 68 67 66 65 64 score 100 98.8 97.6 96.4 95.2 94.0 92.9 91.7 90.5 89.3 88.1 86.9 85.7 84.5
More informationMicroorganisms. 3. Which of the following is one important difference between a virus and a bacterial cell?
Name: ate: 1. How does a virus cause a person to develop a common cold? 3. Which of the following is one important difference between a virus and a bacterial cell? A. invades the host cell to reproduce.
More information(From The Rockefeller Institute) Materials and Methods. Observations with the Electron Microscope
ELECTRON MICROSCOPE STUDY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PAPILLOMA VIRUS IN THE SKIN OF THE RABBIT* BY ROBERT S. STONE,~ M.D., RICHARD E. SHOPE, M.D., DAN H. MOORE, P,~.D. (From The Rockefeller Institute) PLATES
More informationThe Flower, Pollination, and Seeds
The Flower, Pollination, and Seeds Class 9 th Chapters 6,7,8 1 The Flower A complete or a perfect flower, has all the four Whorls. If, even one whorl is missing, it is an Incomplete Flower. The fourth
More informationIsolation and identification of fungal isolates from contaminated meadow grass fodder
Isolation and identification of fungal isolates from contaminated meadow grass fodder C. Rekha * 1, N.B. Shridhar 1, S.S. Jagadeesh 1 and H.D. Narayanaswamy 2 1 Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and
More informationIn vitro antagonistic activity of Trichoderma species against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae
International Journal of Applied Agricultural Research ISSN 0973-2683 Volume 12, Number 1 (2017) pp. 87-95 Research India Publications http://www.ripublication.com In vitro antagonistic activity of Trichoderma
More informationSoil Nutrients and Fertilizers. Essential Standard Explain the role of nutrients and fertilizers.
Soil Nutrients and Fertilizers Essential Standard 6.00- Explain the role of nutrients and fertilizers. Objective 6.01 Discuss macro and micro nutrients and the role they play in plant deficiencies. Macro
More informationPome Fruit Diseases IOBC/wprs Bull. 29(1), 2006 pp
Pome Fruit Diseases IOBC/wprs Bull. 29(1), 2006 pp. 123-127 Screening of organically based fungicides for apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) control and a histopathological study of the mode of action of
More informationForest Pest Management SD14 M CI Report 87-12
Forest Pest Management SD14 M CI Report 87-12 A-3 27._ 3450 December 1987 MI)RTALITY OF BAREROOT COLORADO BLUE SPRUCE SEEDLINGS MONTANA STATE NURSERY, MISSOULA by R. L. James, Plant Pathologist INTRODUCTION
More informationGenerative and sperm cell isolation in Bauhinia blakeana (Fabaceae)
Ann. Bot. Fennici 49: 1 6 ISSN 3-3847 (print) ISSN 1797-2442 (online) Helsinki 26 April 212 Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board 212 Generative and sperm cell isolation in Bauhinia blakeana
More informationBOTANICA HUNGARICA (Antea: Fragmenta Botanica)
STUDIA XXIII. BOTANICA HUNGARICA (Antea: Fragmenta Botanica) 1992 pp. 63-68 A new species of Triadelphia from Hungary By Á.RÉVAY (Received 30 April, 1990) Abstract: A new dematiaceous hyphomycete species,
More information