Iterleukin-4 and interferon-y in allergic contact dermatitis with atopic background in leather tannery factory worker

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1 J Med Sci Volume 43, No.1, March 2011: Iterleukin-4 and interferon-y in allergic contact dermatitis with atopic background in leather tannery factory worker S Widhiati', AS Siswati' *, H Kariosentono2 'Department of Dermatovenerology, Faculty of Medicine Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, 2Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia ABSTRACT Immune response in allergic contact dermatitis (ACO) patient is dominated by T h.elper-1 (Th-1) response characterized with increase in interferon gamma (lfn-y). However, in atopic individual, the immune response is dominated by T helper-2 (Th-2) response which characterized with the presence of interleukin-4 (IL-4). Based on that condition, it is hypothesized that atopic individual was hardly to develope ACO. In leather factory, many workers are prone to develope ACO. The aim of this study is to differentiate the cytokine profiles of IL-4 and IFN-yof ACO patients with or without atopic background. Using a cross-sectional design, this study involved 30 subject assigned into two groups, one group consisted of 15 subjects with ACO who had atopic background (ACO atopic). the other group consisted of 15 subjects with ACO who had no atopic background (ACO non atopic). Both groups were examined by patch test and confirmed to have ACO when the result was minimally + 1 in 48 and/or 96 hours examination. Atopic skin diathesis score ~ 8 was used to determine the possibility of having atopic background. Serum IL-4 and IFN-yconcentration were determined using ELISA.Data were analyzed using SPSS with Mann-Whitney non- parametric test. The results showed that the mean value of IL-4 in both groups were 0.18 ::I:0.14 pg/ml and 0.25 ::I:0.29 pg/ml (p =0.917) whereas the mean value of IFN-yin both groups were ::I:23.90 pg/ml and 2.76 ::I:5.67 pg/ml, (p =0.096). In conclusion, the cytokine profiles of IL-4 and IFN-y were not significantly different between ACO atopic and ACO non atopic individuals. This finding suggested that atopic and non-atopic individuals had a similar immunologic response during development of ACO. Key words: immunologic response-cytokine-occupational contact dematitis-t helper-patch testing INTRODUCTION Occupational contact dennatitis is one of the main problems in occupational dennatoses. It occurs in 90-95% of occupational dennatoses.' In leather and tannery industry, workers are frequently exposed to sensitizing chemical during their work in pre-tanning, tanning and dyeing, fat liquoring and finishing.2 Potassium dichromate is the most frequent allergen found in leather worker in Buenos Aires.3 Hence, in such condition many workers suffer from allergic contact dennatitis (ACD). The prevalence of ACD in atopic patients is still unknown. Several studies suggested that ACD is less frequent in atopic patients compared to non atopic patients.4.showeverothers arguedthat atopicpatients are more prone to haveacd comparedto non atopic. 6 patients. Allergic contact dennatitis is a delayed type hypersensitivity reaction. The T helper-l (Th-l) is important in sensitization and elicitation reaction which mainly expressinterferongamma (IFN-y)and interleukin-2 (IL-2). Atopic individuals have Th-2 reaction shortly afterbirth. Since cytokinesproduced by Th-2 can suppressthe differentiationofcd4 T cell to Th-l, it was suspected that the ability of atoptc dennatitis (AD) patients to develope contact * corresponding author: asrisiswati@yahoo.com 43

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