Index. Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type.

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1 Index Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A ABIN-1 gene, 627 Acetretin, 671 Acquired immune response, Acro-osteolysis, 652 Actinobacterium, Adalimumab, , , 750 for ophthalmic disease, 685 Adalimumab Effectiveness in Psoriatic Arthritis Trial (ADEPT), 705, 725 Adaptive immunity, ADEPT (Adalimumab Effectiveness in Psoriatic Arthritis Trial), 705, 725 Adhesion molecules, 669 Adipocytes and adipokines, 646 American College of Rheumatology, 701 Aminosalicylates, Amphiregulin, 656 Andersson lesion, 604 Angiogenesis, 669 Ankyloses, 652 Ankylosing spondylitis, 584 Anticitrullinated peptide antibodies, Antigen presentation, Anxiety, 680, 683, Apremilast, 655, 686, 713, in early stages, 743 switching to, 749 Armor criteria, for PsA, Arthritis mutilans, 547, 549, , 583, 652 Arthritis, psoriatic. See Psoriatic arthritis. AS disease activity score (ASDAS), 703 ASDAS (AS disease activity score), 703 Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society criteria, Atherosclerosis, 585, 672, , 681 Autoimmune disorders, ophthalmic, Axial PsA, , as outcome measure domain, 703, 706 clinical features of, computed tomography for, 597 MRI for, radiography for, Axial spondyloarthropathy, Rheum Dis Clin N Am 41 (2015) rheumatic.theclinics.com X/15/$ see front matter ª 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

2 756 Index Azathioprine for ophthalmic disease, B BASDAI (Bath AX disease activity index), 703, 745 Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis indexes, 549 Bath AX disease activity index (BASDAI), 703, 745 B3GNT2 gene, Biologic therapy, See also specific classes and individual agents. bispecific, costs of, 733 infections due to, 690 overview of, strategies with, types of, Biomarkers, , Blepharitis, B-lymphocyte inhibitors, Body mass index, excessive. See Obesity. Bone erosions epidemiology of, imaging of, MRI for, progression of, Bone marrow edema, , 652 Bone mineral density, 557, 683, Bone morphogenic protein, 655 Bone remodeling, See also Bone erosions; Bony proliferation. Bony proliferation, , Brodalumab, 651, 655, , 743 C Cancer. See Malignancy. CARD14 gene, Cardiovascular disease, 557, CARM1 gene, CASPAR (Classification of Psoriatic Arthritis) criteria, , , 617, 619, Catenin, Cathelicidin, CDKAL1 gene, 671 CEPPA screening tool, 556 Certolizumab, 686, Chemokines, 655 Ciprofloxacin, Cirrhosis, 687 Classification of Psoriatic Arthritis (CASPAR) criteria, , , 617, 619, Clazakizumab, 726 Collagen type II, 619

3 Index 757 Comorbidities, 557, 585, 616, , , 746 Composite outcome measures, Composite psoriatic disease activity index (CPDAI), , 745 Computed tomography, Conjunctivitis, Connexins, Consortium of Rheumatology Researchers of North America (CORRONA) database, , 687, 689 CONTEST screening tool, 556, 617 Controlled disease, treatment of, 733, 750 CORRONA (Consortium of Rheumatology Researchers of North America) database, , 687, 689 Corticosteroids diabetes mellitus due to, 684 for ophthalmic disease, infections due to, 690 CPDAI (composite psoriatic disease activity index), , 745 C-reactive protein, 619, 703 Crohn disease, 646, 686 Cyclosporine for ophthalmic disease, Cyr61 protein, 656 Cytokines, 646. See also individual cytokines. polymorphisms of, D Dactylitis, 550, 584, as outcome measure domain, 703, 706 clinical features of, 574 computed tomography for, 598 Danish DMARD registry, 716, 749 DAPSA (disease activity in PsA) measure, 701, 706, 745 DAREA (disease activity in reactive arthritis) measure, 701 DDX58 gene, DEFB genes, Dendritic cell(s), 628, , Dendritic cell-specific membrane protein, Depression, 680, 683, Dermatology life quality index (DLQI), , 745 Diabetes mellitus, 557, 646, , Dickkopf-1, 619 Dickkopf-related protein, Disability, Disease activity in PsA (DAPSA) measure, 701, 745 Disease activity in reactive arthritis (DAREA) measure, 701 Disease Activity Score (DAS), 726 Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. See DMARDs (disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs).

4 758 Index DLQI (dermatology life quality index), , 745 DMARDs (disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs), 681, adverse reactions to, for mental health problems, 686 in early stages, 742 infections due to, 690 small molecule, targeted, traditional, with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors, DNA methylation, Doppler ultrasound, Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, 606 Dysbiosis, E EARP (Early Arthritis for Psoriatic Patients), 555, 741 Efficacy of Response and Safety of Two Fixed Secukinumab Regimens in Psoriasis (ERASURE), Elastosonography, 600 Electronic Psoriasis and Arthritis Screening Questionnaire (epasq), 555 ELMO1 gene, Employment disability, Endothelial dysfunction, 672 Enthesitis, , , 656 as outcome measure domain, , 706 clinical features of, computed tomography for, 598 MRI for, Environmental factors, epasq (Electronic Psoriasis and Arthritis Screening Questionnaire), 555 Epigenetics, Episcleritis, ERAP1 gene, , 668 ERASURE (Efficacy of Response and Safety of Two Fixed Secukinumab Regimens in Psoriasis), Etanercept, , 716, for liver disease, ETS1 gene, EULAR. See European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR). European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) biologic agents recommended by, 724 on targeted therapy, 747 outcome measures, 701 radiographic scores of, European Spondyloarthropathy Study Group criteria, for PsA, 547 EuroQol 5 domain, 704 Exanthematic manifestations, 670 Eye disease,

5 Index 759 F FACIT-F (functional assessment of chronic illness therapy fatigue scale), 745 Fatigue, 704 FBXL19 gene, FCGR2A gene, 633 Firmicutes, FIXTURE (Full-Year Investigative Examination of Secukinumab vs. Etanercept Using Two Dosing Regimens to Determine Efficacy in Psoriasis), Framingham Risk Score, 682 Full-Year Investigative Examination of Secukinumab vs. Etanercept Using Two Dosing Regimens to Determine Efficacy in Psoriasis (FIXTURE), Fumaric acid esters, 670 Functional assessment of chronic illness therapy, 704 Functional assessment of chronic illness therapy fatigue scale (FACIT-F), 745 FUTURE studies, 730 G Gastrointestinal disorders, 680 GATA3 gene, General Practice Research Database, Generalized pustular psoriasis, 667 Genetic factors, , , , 644, 667, Genome-wide linkage studies, 625, 667 Golimumab, Gout, versus PsA, 576 GRACE (GRAPPA Composite Exercise), , 745 GRAPPA (Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis), , , 705, 714, 724, GRAPPA Composite Exercise (GRACE), , 745 Guselkumab, 732 Guttate psoriasis, H Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, hbd-2 protein, 625 Health Assessment Questionnaire, Health Assessment Questionnaire disability index score, 585, 616, 717 Health Improvement Network database, 617 Heart failure, 681 Hepatitis B, 687 Human leukocyte antigens, , 618, 624, , 644 Hyperkeratosis, nail bed, 701 Hyperlipidemia, , Hypertension, I IFH1 gene, IL genes,

6 760 Index ILAR (International League of Associations for Rheumatology), IL-23/IL17 axis, , , Imaging, See also specific modalities. Immunopathology, Infections, , 680, 690 Inflammation, , 671, , 681 Inflammatory bowel disease, 586, 683, 686 Infliximab, , 716, for ophthalmic disease, 685 INFR1/IL-28RA gene, Innate immune system, , Innate response, Interferon(s), , Interleukin(s), , Interleukin-6 inhibitors, Interleukin-12 inhibitors, Interleukin 12/23 inhibitors, , Interleukin-17, 647 Interleukin-23 inhibitors, , 732 International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR), Inverse psoriasis, 670 IRF genes, Ischemic heart disease, 678 ITGB5 protein, 656 Ixekizumab, 649, 731, 743 J JAK genes, 718 Janus kinase inhibitors, 718 Jun proteins, 656 Juvenile psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, K Keratinocytes, hyperplasia of, 625 hyperproliferation of, 669 Keratitis, Kidney disease, 683, 688 KLF4 gene, Koebner phenomenon, 645, 666 L L40 psoriasis, 670 LCE genes, LDI (Leeds Dactylitis Index), 574, 703, 745 Leeds Dactylitis Index (LDI), 574, 703, 745 Leeds Enthesitis Index (LEI), 550, 702, 745 Leflunomide, ,

7 Index 761 LEI (Leeds Enthesitis Index), 550, 702, 745 Leptin, 646 Leukonychia, 649, 701 Lifestyle, as risk factor, 617 Liver disease, 680, 683, Lymphoma, 557, 671, M Maastricht ankylosing spondylitis enthesitis score (MASES), 717, 745 Macrophage colony-stimulating factor, 619 Magnetic resonance imaging, Major histocompatibility complex, 644 Malignancy, 557, 671, 683, Mander enthesitis index (MEI), , 745 MASES (Maastricht ankylosing spondylitis enthesitis score), 717, 745 Matrix metalloproteinase-3, 619 MCID (minimal clinically important difference), 704 MD gene, MEASURE studies, Medical Outcome Study Short Form 36, MeDIP sequencing, 632 MEI (Mander enthesitis index), , 745 Mental health issues, 680, 683, Mercaptopurine, Metabolic syndrome, 681, , Methotrexate, 670, 681, , cancer risk from, 689 for ophthalmic disease, in combination therapy, 749 liver disease and, 687 Methotrexate in Psoriatic Arthritis (MIPA) trial, Metronidazole, MICA gene, Microbiome, Minimal clinically important difference (MCID), 704 Minimal disease activity, 684, 747 MIPA (Methotrexate in Psoriatic Arthritis) trial, Moll and Wright classification, , 619, Monitoring, computed tomography for, 599 Mortality, MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), Multinational Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis survey, 587 Munro s abscesses, 648 Mycophenolate, for ophthalmic disease, N Nail disease, 550, 649, 670 as outcome measure domain, 701, 706 clinical features of, 575

8 762 Index NAPSI (Nail psoriasis severity index) and modified version, 701, 745 Natural history, Neutrophil collections, 648 NFKBIA gene, Nociceptors, NOD receptors, 645 Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, 687 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with methotrexate, Norwegian DMARD registry, 716, 749 NOS2 gene, Nuclear factor-kb, Nurses Health Study, 646 O Obesity, , 646, , Oil spots, 550, 649, 701 Oligoarthritis, 701 Oligoarticular disease, OMERACT (Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Clinical Trials), OMERACT MRI in Arthritis Working Group, 602 Onchodystrophy, 649 Onycholysis, 550, 701 Ophthalmic disease, Osteitis, Osteoarthritis, versus PsA, 577 Osteoblast(s), Osteoblastogenesis, Osteoclast(s), Osteoclast precursor cells, Osteoporosis, 557, 683, Osteoprotegerin, 619, Outcome measures, , composite, domains in, patient-reported, Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Clinical Trials (OMERACT), P Pain threshold, PALACE (Psoriatic Arthritis Long-Term Assessment of Clinical Efficacy) trials, 713, , 749 PASDAS (PsA Disease Activity Score), , 745 PASE (Psoriatic Arthritis Screening and Evaluation), 554, 617, 741 PASI (psoriasis area and severity index), 617, 701, 745 PASQ (Psoriasis and Arthritis Screening Questionnaire), 617, 741 Patient-reported outcomes,

9 Pattern recognition receptors, 645 PDCD5 gene, 632 PDE3A-CO1C1 Genes, 633 Pediatric patients, PsA in, Pentoxifylline, for liver disease, 686 Peripheral arthritis as outcome measure domain, , 706 clinical features of, Peripheral PsA computed tomography for, 597 MRI for, radiography for, ultrasonography f or, Peripheral spondyloarthropathy, PEST (Psoriasis Epidemiology Screening Tool), 555, 617, 741 Pharmacogenetics, Pitting, of nails, 550, 649, 701 Plaques, , 670 POSTN protein, 656 PRECISION (Prospective Randomized Evaluation of Celecoxib Integrated Safety versus Ibuprofen Or Naproxen) trial, 682 Prednisone, for ophthalmic disease, 685 PRESTA (psoriasis randomised etanercept study in subjects with PSA), 616, 705, 725 Prognosis, Prospective Randomized Evaluation of Celecoxib Integrated Safety versus Ibuprofen Or Naproxen (PRECISION) trial, 682 PsA. See Psoriatic arthritis. PsA Disease Activity Score (PASDAS), , 745 PsA MRI Scoring System (PsAMRIS), 602 PsAID (Psoriatic arthritis impact of disease), PsAJAI (psoriatic arthritis joint activity index), 745 PsAMRIS (PsA MRI Scoring System), 602 PsAQoL (PsA-specific quality of life), 745 PsARC (psoriatic arthritis response criteria), 745 PsA-specific quality of life (PsAQoL), 745 Psoriasis as chronic systemic disease, clinical spectrum of, etiology of, genetic factors in, 667 pathogenesis of, psoriatic arthritis with, 546, Psoriasis and Arthritis Screening Questionnaire (PASQ), 617, 741 Psoriasis area and severity index (PASI), 585, 617, , , 701, 745 Psoriasis Epidemiology Screening Tool (PEST), 555, 617, 741 Psoriasis Foundation survey, 587 Psoriasis randomised etanercept study in subjects with PSA (PRESTA), 705, 725 Psoriasis vulgaris, genetics of, 625 Psoriatic arthritis animal models of, 656 asymptomatic, Index 763

10 764 Index Psoriatic (continued ) clinical features of, , 619 comorbidities in, 557, 585, 616, , , 746 definition of, 545 detection of, diagnosis of, , 617, differential diagnosis of, early, 552, environmental factors in, epidemiology of, , 616 epigenetics of, etiology of, genetics of, , , imaging for, immunopathology of, in pediatric patients, incidence of, 546, 616 joints involved in, mild, nonprogressive, 583 misclassification of, missed diagnoses of, natural history of, outcome measures in, , pathogenesis of, pathophysiology of, pharmacogenetics of, prevalence of, 546 prognosis for, , progressive deforming, quality of life with, 585 refractory, risk factors for, 553, screening for, , socioeconomic aspects of, subclinical, 552, 746 treatment of, , biologic agents for, combination therapy for, discontinuation of, 750 early, in controlled disease, 750 novel concepts in, refractory, targeted, underdiagnosis of, 616 with psoriasis, 546 Psoriatic arthritis impact of disease (PsAID), Psoriatic arthritis joint activity index (PsAJAI), 745 Psoriatic Arthritis Long-Term Assessment of Clinical Efficacy (PALACE) trials, 713, , 749 Psoriatic arthritis response criteria (PsARC), 745

11 Index 765 Psoriatic Arthritis Screening and Evaluation (PASE), 554, 617, 741 Psoriatic Nail Severity Score, 584 PSORS genes, , P-SUMMIT trials, 729, 749 Psychologic issues, 586 Pustular psoriasis, 667, Q Quality of life, 585, , 704 R RA Prevention of structural Damage (RAPID)-PsA trial, 726, 749 Radiography, , RANK and RANKL, RAPID (RA Prevention of structural Damage)-PsA trial, 726, 749 Ratingen score, 595 Reactive arthritis, versus PsA, 577 REL genes, Remicade Study in Psoriatic Arthritis Patients Of Methotrexate-Naive Disease (RESPOND), 732 Resistin, 646 RESPOND (Remicade Study in Psoriatic Arthritis Patients Of Methotrexate-Naive Disease), 732 Rheumatoid arthritis outcome measures borrowed from, versus PsA, , 576, 644 Rituximab, RNF114 gene, RopA protein, 645 RUNX3 gene, S Sacroiliac joints, , Sacroiliitis, 652 Sausage digits, 574 Scalp psoriasis, 670 Schober test, 572 Scleritis, Sclerostin, Secukinumab, 649, 651, 655, in early stages, 743 Self-Administered Comorbidity Questionnaire, Sharp-van der Heijide score, Six-site index, 702 Skin barrier function, Skin disease, as outcome measure domain, 701, 706 at onset,

12 766 Index Skin (continued ) cancer, 671, clinical features of, 575 Small molecules, Smoking, 617, Socioeconomic aspects, SOCS1 gene, , SPARCC (Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada) measure, Spinal disorders. See subjects starting with Axial. Splinter hemorrhages, 701 on nails, 550 Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) measure, Spondyloarthritis, versus PsA, 577 STAT genes, Streptococcal infections, 645 Stress, epigenic effects of, Sulfasalazine, 713, 715 Swedish Early Psoriatic Arthritis Register, 552 Swedish National Patient Register, 689 Swedish registry, 716 Symbiosis, Synovitis, computed tomography for, 598 MRI for, Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation algorithm, 682 T T helper-1 cells, T helper-2 cells, T helper-1 signaling pathway, T helper-17 signaling pathway, , Tacrolimus, 686 TAGAP gene, Tapering therapy, 750 Targeted therapy, Tender/swollen joint count, 745 Tenosynovitis computed tomography for, 598 MRI for, TICOPA (Tight COntrol of Psoriatic Arthritis) trial, 716, 733, Tildrakizumab, 732 TIMP1 gene, 632 TNFAIP3 gene, , 668 TNFRSF gene, TNIP1 gene, , 668 Tofacitinib, 713, Toll-like receptors, 645 Tonsillitis, streptococcal, 645 ToPAS (Toronto Psoriatic Arthritis Screen), 554, 617, 713, 741 TRAF genes,

13 Index 767 Tumor necrosis factor, 584, 646, inhibitors of, , , , , Tumor necrosis factor-a in cardiovascular disease, 678 in liver disease, 686 TYK2 gene, , 718 U UBCH7 gene, 627 UBE2L3 gene, Ulcerative colitis, 686 Ultrasonography, , , 617 Ultraviolet index, 667 University of Toronto Psoriatic Arthritis Clinic, 681 Ustekinumab, , , 655, in early stages, 743 switching to, 749 Uveitis, V Vancouver criteria, for PsA, VAS (visual analog scale), Vascular endothelial growth factor, 669 Vasey and Espinoza criteria, for PsA, 547 Vedolizumab, Visual analog scale (VAS), W Weight, excessive. See Obesity. Whole-body MRI, Wnt/b-catenin signaling pathway, Work disability, Z ZC3H12C gene, Zoledronic acid, for osteoporosis, 688