Pit talk-genetics of Motor Behavior 8/13
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1 Pit talk-genetics of Motor Behavior 8/13 Behavior Genes Circuits Neural Development -Neurogenesis -Differentiation -Axon Guidance -Synapse formation -Synapse remodeling
2 1) Adult versus embryonic & larval behaviors? 2) Embryonic and larval motor behaviors. 3) Complex motor behaviors 4) Quantifying behavior 5) Today s menu
3 1) Adult versus embryonic & larval behaviors? Adult behavior Larval/juvenile behavior mature circuits diversity of behaviors relevant to human conditions already a variety of defined behaviors simple neuroanatomy simple circuits larvae are easier to manipulate than adults role of developmental genes in behavior
4 2) Embryonic and larval motor behaviors hpf: uncoordinated muscle contractions hpf: spontaneous, low frequency tail flips 21-28hpf: touch induced, low frequency tail flips hpf: touch induced & spontaneous swimming hpf: escape response, 3D swimming
5 3) Complex behaviors of larval zebrafish Optomotor response (Clark,1981) Phototaxis (Brockerhoff et al., 1995; Orger and Baier, 2005; Burgess et al 2010) Prey tracking (Gahtan et al., 2005; McElligott and O Malley, 2005), Sleep like behaviors (Prober et al 2006) Sensorimotor gating (Burgess and Granato, 2007) PhotoMotorResponse (Kokel et al 2010) Non associative learning -Habituation (Best et al 2007; Wolman, Jain & Granato, PNAS 2011
6 Complex behavior are built by combining stereotyped motor episodes Nico Tinbergen 1973 Nobel Prize for Medicine (jointly with Lorenz and von Frisch) for social behavior patterns. Individual motor episodes = fixed action patterns Decompose complex behavior into individual motor episodes
7 4) Quantifying behavior Repertoire of motor patterns (high speed): routine turns (Budick and O Malley, 2000) J-turns (McElligott and O Malley, 2005) slow scoots (Budick and O Malley, 2000), burst swims (Budick and O Malley, 2000;Gahtan et al., 2005; Muller and van Leeuwen, 2004), Capture swims (Borla et al., 2002) C-starts (Kimmel et al., 1974). O-turns (Burgess and Granato 2007)...
8 5) Design of more sophisticated behavioral screens Decomposing Phototaxis into individual motor episodes turns produce change of orientation (steering). "slow swims" produce forward movement. (Burgess, Schoch & Granato; Current Biology 2010) Individual motor episodes are in the millisecond range!
9 4) Quantifying behavior Tracking Software: Parameters: -temporal resolution -age/size of fish -single or group -throughput/speed -Noldus- EthoVision -View Point Lifesciences Applications: both are mostly for slow movements over long period of time ( resting activity) -Geometric fish model (Fontaine et al 2008) -Image filter-flote (Burgess & Granato 2007) for fast movements at millisecond resolution over several second
10 Observer independent, automated system to measure startle response (Burgess & Granato 2007) Wolman et al ,000 frames/sec SLC High throughput assay O-Bend Angular Velocity Typical day (10 experiment): Dur FLOTE Software R-Turn atio n C1 (Burgess & Granato 2007) A l g n e 50 experiments/day fish 50, ,000 responses
11 Flote kinematic analysis: curvature and trajectory analysis Orientation (Burgess, Schoch & Granato 2010)
12 Strain dependent variability of startle habituation 36 fish per group, tested individually
13 5) Today s menu Station 1: Mutations affecting visual behavior with John; Room 160 in the back. Station 2: Retinal Imaging and Morphological mutants with Jim, Room 161/162/163. Station 3: High speed imaging of normal behavior with Marc, Room 158A. Station 4: Transgenic analysis of spinal neurons in living fish with Roshan, Room 159. Each of the 4 groups will have 60 minutes for each exercise. 1.st rotation 11-12noon (group 1 to station 1 etc) 2nd rotation 1-2pm (group 1 to station 2, group 2 to station 1; group 3 to station 4, and 4 to station 3.) 3rd rotation 2-3pm (group 1 to station 3 and group 2 to station 4; group 3 to station 1 and 2 to station 4) 4 rotation 3-4pm (group 1 to station 4 etc) 4-5 pm free time. 5pm- 6pm: Course Wrap up and diplomas 6pm-9pm: dinner & photo contest
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