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1 Supplementary Online Content Voineskos AN, Foussias G, Lerch J, et al. Neuroimaging evidence for the deficit subtype of schizophrenia. JAMA Psychiatry. Published online March 6, doi: /jamapsychiatry etable 1. Demographic and clinical characterization of individually matched subjects etable 2. Demographic and clinical characterization of all subjects (unmatched) etable 3. Mean diffusivity results for all white matter tracts studied etable 4. Cortical thickness results with MNI space coordinates efigure. Left hippocampal volume reductions in deficit schizophrenia (DS) and nondeficit schizophrenia (NDS) participants compared to healthy controls This supplementary material has been provided by the authors to give readers additional information about their work.

2 etable 1. Demographic and Clinical Characterization of Individually Matched Subjects Deficit Non-deficit Healthy Syndrome Syndrome Controls Demographic (n=18) (n=18) (n=18) Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Age Highest Parental Education Education a WTAR (IQ) b MMSE CIRS-G c Age of Onset NA NA Duration of Illness NA NA Chlorpr. equiv. (mg) NA NA PANSS and Side Effect Scales Positive Negative d General SAS BAS AIMS N N N Gender 14M, 4F 14M, 4F 14M, 4F Handedness 18 R 18 R 18 R

3 Ethnicity 14 C, 4 NC 16 C, 2 NC 15 C, 3 NC Smoking History 13Y, 5N 14Y, 4N 9Y, 9N Antipsychotic treatment 3 1º, 15 2º 2 1º, 16 2º NA NA = Not Applicable, N = Number 1º = first generation antipsychotic, 2º = second generation antipsychotic (1 clozapine patient in deficit group, and 3 clozapine patients in nondeficit group) M = Male, F = Female WTAR Wechsler Test for Adult Reading MMSE Minimental State Examination CIRS-G Clinical Information Rating Scale, Geriatrics PANSS Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale SAS Simpson Angus Scale, BAS Barnes Akathisia Scale, AIMS Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale Chlorpr. Equiv. Chlorpromazine Equivalent C = Caucasian, NC = Not Caucasian (Asian or African); ethnicity based on self-report a Healthy controls had greater years of education than both deficit and nondeficit patients b Deficit patients had lower IQ than healthy controls c Deficit and nondeficit patients had greater medical comorbidity than healthy controls d Deficit patients had greater negative symptom burden than nondeficit patients

4 etable 2. Demographic and Clinical Characterization of all Subjects (Unmatched) Deficit Non-deficit Healthy Syndrome Syndrome Controls Demographic (n=18) (n=59) (n=79) Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Age* Highest Parental Education Education a WTAR (IQ) b MMSE CIRS-G c Age of Onset NA NA Duration of Illness* NA NA Chlorpr. equiv. (mg) NA NA PANSS and Side Effect Scales Positive Negative d General SAS BAS AIMS N N N Gender 14M, 4F 38M, 21F 48M, 31F

5 Handedness 18 R 54 R, 5L 74 R, 5L Ethnicity 14 C, 4 NC 40 C, 19 NC 64 C, 15 NC Smoking History 13Y, 5N 47 Y, 32 N 31 Y, 48 N Antipsychotic treatment 3 1º, 15 2º 8 1º, 51 2º NA NA = Not Applicable, N = Number 1º = first generation antipsychotic, 2º = second generation antipsychotic (1 clozapine patient in deficit group, and 8 clozapine patients in nondeficit group one of whom was on another atypical) M = Male, F = Female WTAR Wechsler Test for Adult Reading MMSE Minimental State Examination CIRS-G Clinical Information Rating Scale, Geriatrics PANSS Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale SAS Simpson Angus Scale, BAS Barnes Akathisia Scale, AIMS Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale Chlorpr. Equiv. Chlorpromazine Equivalent C = Caucasian, NC = Not Caucasian (Asian or African); ethnicity based on self-report *Although age and duration of illness are clearly numerically higher, these differences are not statistically significant based on an ANOVA and t test respectively. a Healthy controls had greater years of education than both deficit and nondeficit patients b Deficit patients had lower IQ than healthy controls c Deficit and nondeficit patients had greater medical comorbidity than healthy controls d Deficit patients had greater negative symptom burden than nondeficit patients

6 etable 3. Mean Diffusivity Results for All White Matter Tracts Studied White Matter Tract Mean Diffusivity F(3,50) L inferior longitudinal fasciculus F = 3.6, p = 0.03 R inferior longitudinal fasciculus F = 6.6, p = L arcuate fasciculus F = 3.4, p = 0.04 R arcuate fasciculus F = 5.5, p = L uncinate fasiculus F = 7.0, p = R uncinate fasciculus F = 5.0, p = 0.01 L inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus F = 3.3, p =0.05 R inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus F = 2.9, p = 0.06 L cingulum bundle F = 2.0, p = 0.14 R cingulum bundle F = 2.9, p = 0.07 Genu corpus callosum F = 2.4, p = 0.10 Splenium corpus callosum F = 3.3, p = 0.04 L = left, R = right

7 etable 4. Cortical Thickness Results with MNI Space Coordinates Cortical Region F and p values x a y z F(3,50) b OFC F = 3.8, p = MTG F = 7.0, p = STG F = 6.5, p = TP F = 4.2, p = DLPFC F = 12.6, p = PO F = 5.8, p = PHG F = 9.2, p = Insula F = 6.1, p = OFC = orbitofrontal cortex, MTG = middle temporal gyrus, TP = temporal pole, DLPFC = dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, PO = parietal operculum, PHG = parahippocampal gyrus. a MNI space coordinates b At each region both deficit and nondeficit patients had significantly reduced cortical thickness compared to controls. Bilateral (i.e both left and right sided) differences were present for each structure.

efigure. Left hippocampal volume reductions in deficit schizophrenia (DS) and nondeficit schizophrenia (NDS) participants compared to healthy controls.

8 efigure. Left hippocampal volume reductions in deficit schizophrenia (DS) and nondeficit schizophrenia (NDS) participants compared to healthy controls. Modest decreases in bilateral hippocampal volumes were noted in both groups of schizophrenia participants compared to controls, but were not statistically significant.

Neurocognition and Neuroimaging Correlates of Persistent Negative Symptoms. Cindy Hovington Dr. Martin Lepage

Neurocognition and Neuroimaging Correlates of Persistent Negative Symptoms Cindy Hovington Dr. Martin Lepage NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS Anhedonia Loss of Pleasure Asociality Decreased Social Drive Avolition Lack