Test #5. 6. What are the two types of Eating Disorders recognized by the DSM-IV? [2 marks] - Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa

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1 Test #5 PSY100 Test 5 L0101 MW Explain three positive factors that support having diagnostic categories or giving patients a diagnosis. [3 marks] 1) it facilitates communication among practitioners and researchers (standardization) 2) it is the key to further knowledge in terms of treatment and prevention 3) it allows for psychoeducation leading to more personal knowledge for sufferers of mental disorders as well as reducing feelings of isolation and uncontrollability 2. What is a panic attack? When is it adaptive and when is it maladaptive? [4 marks] - panic attack is a discrete period of intense fear or discomfort in which at least 4 panic symptoms (heart racing, sweating, shaking, choking, nausea, dizziness, etc ) develop abruptly and reach a peak within 10 minutes. Panic reactions are adaptive when there is some present danger in the environment that you must confront, however they are maladaptive when they occur in absence of some threatening stimuli, i.e., they occur out of the blue, or are unexpected or uncued. 3. Give examples of some common phobias and provide an explanation for why they are so much more prevalent than other phobias. [3 marks] - common phobias include fear of snakes, spiders, dogs, heights, water, blood These phobias are likely more common due to iological Preparedness or a genetic predisposition to fear certain stimuli over others. Most of the common phobias involve things that were traditionally very deadly to our ancestors and thus it was evolutionarily adaptive to have a strong fear response for these ancient dangers. 4. What is the difference between ipolar I and ipolar II disorders? [2 marks] - ipolar I is one or more Manic or Mixed episodes, usually accompanied by epressive episodes, whereas, ipolar II is epressive episodes accompanied by hypomania 5. What is Somatization isorder? [2 marks] - a history of many physical complaints that result in treatment being sought that cannot be explained by a medical condition and are not intentionally produced 6. What are the two types of Eating isorders recognized by the SM-IV? [2 marks] - norexia Nervosa and ulimia Nervosa 7. What are the four classification categories of Schizophrenia? [2 marks] - Paranoid, atatonic, isorganized, and Undifferentiated 8. List three types of Insight-Oriented therapy. [3 marks]

2 - Psychoanalytic, Humanistic, Gestalt, Emotion Focused, or Process Experiential [any three] 9. What are the three main categories of psychopharmacological drugs? [3 marks] - nti-epressant, nti-nxiety, and nti-psychotic 10. List six advantages of group therapy. [3 marks] [any six for 1/2 mark each] 1) Efficiency 2) Universality 3) Empathy 4) Interaction 5) cceptance 6) ltruism 7) Modeling 8) Pressure 9) Practice 10) Reality Testing 11) Transference 11. escribe three warning signs that signal a risk for suicide. [3 marks] [any three, one mark each] 1. 1) withdrawal from family and friends (social isolation) 2. 2) changes in eating and sleeping patterns 3. 3) writing or talking a lot about death 4. 4) telling statements like the world would be better off without me, or I would be better off dead, or no one would miss me if I were dead 5. 5) periods of agitation followed by calm resignation 6. 6) giving away valued possessions 7. 7) taking care of unfinished business like debts and favours owed L0301 MW List the areas covered by each of the 5 axes of the iagnostic and Statistical Manual - fourth edition (SM-IV) [5 marks] xis I all mental disorders (except) xis II personality disorders and mental retardation xis III physical/medical disorders xis IV psychosocial and environmental problems xis V Global ssessment of Functioning Scale (1-100) 2. How does Panic isorder contribute to the development of goraphobia? [3 marks] - recurrent panic attacks cause distress associated with high risk places like malls, restaurants, theatres, and other public places. s the fear of having a panic attack increases a person may become more and more anxious about going out to public places till eventually the person does not want to go out at all for fear of having a panic attack in a place or situation where escape is difficult or embarrassing.

3 3. What is Social Phobia and what fear is thought to be at the root of the disorder? [3 marks] - social phobia is a marked and persistent fear of social or performance situations, particularly situations that involve exposure to unfamiliar people or to possible evaluation by others. - the underlying fear is thought to be a fear that one will do something stupid or humiliating and that others will negatively evaluate the person leading to rejection, loneliness and unhappiness What are the four types of Mood Episodes found in Mood isorders? [2 marks] - Major epressive Episode, Manic Episode, Hypomanic Episode, Mixed Episode 5. What is Hypochondriasis? [2 marks] - - a preoccupation with the belief that one has a serious disease despite medical evaluation and assurance to the contrary, and the person is not delusional 6. ccording to the iagnostic and Statistical Manual IV, what are the two types of norexia Nervosa? [2 marks] - Restricting Type and inge-purging Type 7. Regarding the mental disorder Schizophrenia, what type of symptoms are delusions and hallucinations? [1 mark] - positive symptoms 8. List three techniques in Rogers lient-entered Therapy that are necessary for a good therapeutic climate. [3 marks] - Genuineness, Unconditional Positive Regard, and Empathy 9. - List three types of anti-depressant medication. [3 marks] - Tricyclic anti-depressants - Monoamine Oxidase (MO) inhibitors - Selective Serotonin Reuptake inhibitors 10. escribe three factors that are common to all types of psychotherapy. [3 marks] [any three, one mark each] - - development of a strong therapeutic alliance or relationship between therapist and patient/client - - providing a rationale for why the client is suffering and why these techniques help alleviate suffering - - provide an opportunity for catharsis or venting or expressing emotions in a safe environment - - acquisition and practice of new behaviors and ways to respond to the world - - beneficial therapist qualities (objective, confident, professional)

4 - - positive expectations and hope List three predisposing conditions (diatheses) that can be risk factors for suicide. [3 marks] [any three, one mark each] - - having a psychological disorder - - substance abuse - - family history of suicide - - family breakdown - - societal breakdown - - past suicide attempts L0201 TR List and explain 4 reasons why a diagnosis can be a negative thing. [4 marks] 1) a diagnosis is often unreliable in that two doctors may each give the same person a different diagnosis 2) there are many questions about the validity of many diagnostic categories as some diagnoses are vague and arbitrary as well as many categories have a lot of overlap 3) a diagnosis can overlook the uniqueness of the person and the doctor may start to treat the disorder, rather than the actual person suffering from the disorder 4) there is still a great deal of stimgatization involved in mental illness and having a diagnostic label can be a source of shame and humiliation (or perceived as such) 2. What are the important differences between lood-injection-injury phobias and other specific phobias? [3 marks] - most phobias have a severe anxiety or panic reaction when confronting the feared stimuli, however, IJ phobias have the opposite physiological reaction where the heart rate and blood pressure decrease (rather than increase) and the phobic reaction is one of fainting. With most phobias treatment includes relaxation training, however, with IJ phobias relaxation training is counterproductive, so techniques are used that increase heart rate and blood pressure when creating new learning associations. 3. With regards to Obsessive-ompulsive isorder, define Obsessions and ompulsions and provide and example for each. [4 marks] Obsessions: persistent and intrusive thoughts, impulses, and images that are inappropriate and cause marked distress, e.g., I will get cancer, Mom will be in a car crash, something bad is going to happen ompulsions: repetitive behaviors or mental acts often performed to prevent or reduce anxiety and distress, but not to provide pleasure or gratification, e.g., constant hand washing, ritual checking, counting or having to perform rituals a certain number of times 4. What are the two types of Unipolar Mood isorders? [2 marks] - Major epressive isorder and ysthymic isorder

5 5. What is onversion isorder? [2 marks] - one or more symptoms or deficits affecting voluntary motor or sensory function that suggest a neurological or general medical condition, although no medical condition is present and the symptoms are not intentionally produced. 6. ccording to the iagnostic and Statistical Manual IV, what are the two types of ulimia Nervosa? [2 marks] - Purging Type and Non-Purging Type 7. What symptom of Schizophrenia would include hearing voices? [1 mark] - Hallucinations 8. Which neurotransmitter system is most strongly implicated in the positive symptoms of Schizophrenia and what pharmacological evidence is used to support this theory? [3 marks] - the positive symptoms of schizophrenia are believed to be caused by excess dopamine activity in the brain. Evidence for this comes from the fact that drugs such as amphetamines release dopamine from terminals in the brain and too much amphetamine exposure can induce a psychotic state (or behaviors similar to positive symptoms of schizophrenia) in humans 9. List three Psychodynamic techniques used to achieve insight into unconscious conflicts. [3 marks] - - Free ssociation, Interpretation (of thoughts, feelings, and dreams), and nalysis of Transference 10. escribe the four ways that psychotropic drugs can alter behavior. [4 marks] 1. 1) some facilitate the release of specific neurotransmitters 2. 2) some block the reuptake of specific neurotransmitters 3. 3) some interact with post-synaptic receptors 4. 4) some act within the neuron cells 2. Explain Eclecticism with regards to the treatment of psychological disorders. [2 marks] - - involves using different treatments for different clients with different problems - - or using a reasonable combination or various treatments for the same client (technical eclecticism) L6001 TR What is the difference between fear and anxiety? [3 marks] - fear is a present-oriented emotional alarm reaction to danger that is immediately present. It manifests itself in the emergency fight or flight reaction that readies the individual for immediate action. nxiety is a negative mood state that focuses on future

6 problems and the feeling that one cannot predict or control upcoming events. It is not based on present danger. 2. List the 5 different categories of Specific Phobias and provide an example for each. [5 marks] 1. 1) nimal e.g., fear of spiders, snakes, dogs, etc 2. 2) Natural environment e.g., heights, water, etc 3. 3) lood-injection-injury Type e.g., faint from a needle, or seeing blood 4. 4) Situational e.g., planes, elevators, driving, etc 5. 5) Other e.g., choking, vomiting, etc. 2. What is Panic isorder with goraphobia? [4 marks] - Panic disorder is recurrent, unexpected panic attacks along with one month of concern about additional attacks or worry about the implications of the attacks or a significant change in behavior related to the attacks. goraphobia is extreme anxiety about being in places from which escape might be difficult or embarrassing in the event of a panic attack leading to avoidance of these situations and often becoming housebound 3. What is ysthymic isorder? [2 marks] - a less severe form of Major epressive isorder where the symptoms are milder but remain unchanged over long periods of time (at least 2 years) 4. What is ody ysmorphic isorder? [2 marks] - a preoccupation with an imagined defect in appearance, or if a slight physical anomaly is present, the concern is excessive and unrealistically exaggerated - the disorder causes significant distress and/or impairment to functioning 5. List two genetic predisposing factors that may contribute to an Eating isorder. [2 marks] [any two, one mark each] - - early maturation - - obesity - - family history of disordered eating, alcohol problems, or depression 6. List two types of ction-oriented psychotherapy. [2 marks] - ognitive-ehavioral Therapy, and Rational-Emotive Therapy 7. escribe the s of Rational Emotive Therapy using a specific example. [4 marks] = activating event: getting a bad mark on a test = belief: I am stupid, I am a failure, etc = consequences (emotional): sadness, feelings of inferiority, hopelessness, helplessness, etc

7 = disputing beliefs: everyone gets some bad marks, I am good at other things, I just need to study harder, I can learn from my mistakes, etc 8. escribe three factors that are common to all types of psychotherapy. [3 marks] [any three, one mark each] - - development of a strong therapeutic alliance or relationship between therapist and patient/client - - providing a rationale for why the client is suffering and why these techniques help alleviate suffering - - provide an opportunity for catharsis or venting or expressing emotions in a safe environment - - acquisition and practice of new behaviors and ways to respond to the world - - beneficial therapist qualities (objective, confident, professional) - - positive expectations and hope 9. List three stressors that can be risk factors for suicide. [3 marks] [any three, one mark each] - - hanges in relationships, academics/work, or financial situation - - Life event that is shameful or humiliating - - Significant loss (friend, loved one, divorce) - - Homosexuality - - Recent suicide by friend or loved one, or someone famous 1) physical ailment that results from psychological factors without any accompanying physical basis is referred to as. a somatoform disorder. a psychosomatic illness. an anxiety disorder. malingering 2) The subtype of schizophrenia marked by delusions of persecution and grandeur is. hebephrenic. disorganized. catatonic. paranoid 3) n unwanted thought that repeatedly intrudes upon an individual's consciousness is called. a delusion. an obsession. a compulsion. a hallucination 4) Inflated self-esteem, distractibility, heightened emotionality, and grandiose planning are all symptoms associated with. fugue states. bipolar disorders

8 . dissociative disorders. obsessive-compulsive disorders 5) Killian lets her husband keep all the financial records for the family, and she expects him to make all the decisions that affect the family. She refuses to make any decisions on her own, and if anything unexpected occurs she calls her husband at work to ask for his advice. If Killian has a personality disorder, her symptoms are most consistent with those associated with disorders in. the anxious/fearful cluster. the odd/eccentric cluster. the dramatic/impulsive cluster. the neurotic/dissociative cluster 6) Thorazine is classed as. an antianxiety drug. an antipsychotic drug. an antidepressant drug. a mood-altering drug 7) Researchers have found that in schizophrenic patients, as compared to normal control subjects, the thalamus is:. larger, and shows more metabolic activity. smaller, but shows more metabolic activity. larger, but shows less metabolic activity. smaller, and shows less metabolic activity 8) If you feel that your therapy isn't progressing, you should. get a new therapist immediately. assume you are not a good candidate for therapy, and drop the idea. first consider the possibility of your own resistance to therapy. first question your therapist's competence 9) Which of the following neurotransmitters has been implicated in mood disorders?. G. serotonin. dopamine. endorphins 10) The two most common problems among those who seek psychotherapy are. marital conflicts and a sense of emptiness. loneliness and boredom. low self-esteem and irrational thinking. anxiety and depression 11) Of the following, which is not a closely related pair of terms?. psychoanalysis and free association. client-centered therapy and clarification. behavior therapy and systematic desensitization. biomedical therapy and aversion therapy 12) Therapy that involves pairing a stimulus that leads to an undesirable behavior with an unconditioned stimulus that is unpleasant is. biofeedback training. systematic desensitization

9 . reverse countertransference. aversion therapy 13) ehavior that does not coincide with cultural norms may be considered to be. deviant. maladaptive. personally distressing. insane 14) In direct comparisons of the effectiveness of behavior therapy and insight therapy. the differences are usually small, but tend to favor behavior therapy. the differences are usually small, but tend to favor insight therapy. behavior therapy tends to be significantly more effective. insight therapy tends to be significantly more effective 15) SM-IV uses five "axes" to describe a person's problem. The actual diagnosis of a disorder is made on. xis I only. xis II only. xis I and II. xis V 16) You are watching a television documentary that shows a patient who is undergoing electroconvulsive therapy (ET). If this documentary is depicting psychotherapy in the 1990s, you should conclude that. the patient is being treated for severe depression that has not responded to medication. the patient is being treated for severe schizophrenia that has not responded to medication. the documentary is inaccurate because electroconvulsive shock therapy hasn't been used since the 1970s. the documentary is an "undercover expose," and the doctor administrating the treatment is in violation of current ethical guidelines 17) Suggestions for improving mental health services for merican minority groups have included all of the following except. recruitment and training of more ethnic minority therapists. pretherapy education programs for minority clients to familiarize them with the process of therapy. the provision of free therapeutic services for all ethnic clients. giving therapists special training in cultural sensitivity 18) In an effort to make the criteria of mental illness less value-laden, evolutionary psychologists have proposed that mental disorders ought to be viewed as. harmful evolutionary dysfunctions. diseases that can be treated and possibly cured. the manifestation of unconscious instincts and drives. culturally maladaptive behaviors learned through social interactions 19) Taken as a whole, the results from studies investigating mental illness among the homeless suggest that. the homeless population is made up primarily of elderly male alcoholics. many of the homeless suffer from some form of psychological disorder. most of the homeless have family or friends they could go to, if they chose

10 . deinstitutionalization has been largely successful in getting mental patients off the streets 20) r. enz always tries to be honest with her clients, and she never becomes defensive, even if the clients ridicule her feedback or her methods of therapy. ccording to arl Rogers, r. enz is displaying the quality of. empathy in dealing with her clients. genuineness in dealing with her clients. unconditional positive regard in dealing with her clients. validity in dealing with her clients 21) Fiona has been diagnosed with bulimia nervosa. ased on the physical symptoms listed in your text, you should expect that Fiona will show evidence of. amenorrhea and low blood pressure. dental problems and cardiac arrhythmias. cardiac arrhythmias and osteoporosis. dental problems and elevated blood pressure 22) The disorder marked by striking motor disturbances ranging from rigidity to random motor activity and incoherence is termed. catatonic schizophrenia. multiple personality. dissociative disorder. paranoid schizophrenia 23) Jack always complains of being sick. He is convinced he is dying. His physicians have all told him that there is nothing wrong with him and he should live well into his 80s. Jack does not believe the physicians and continues to search for a doctor who will confirm that he is sick. Jack's behavior is most consistent with the symptoms of. an anxiety disorder. a somatoform disorder. a dissociative disorder. a schizophrenic disorder 24) Tardive dyskinesia. is a neurological disorder marked by involuntary writhing and tic-like movements. is a serious side effect of long-term use of antidepressant drugs. can be cured with the same medication used to treat Parkinson's disease. can emerge after long-term use of lithium 25) The recovery from a disorder without formal treatment is referred to as. a placebo effect. reified recovery. spontaneous remission. countertransference 26) norexia nervosa is an eating disorder than seems to occur only in Western cultures. The discovery of culture-bound disorders, such as anorexia nervosa, lends support to. the relativistic view of psychological disorders. the pancultural view of psychological disorders. the stress-vulnerability model of psychological disorders. the idiosyncratic view of psychological disorders 27) Free association and dream analysis were held to be major methods to discover the makeup of. the unconscious. the conscious

11 . irrational thoughts. maladaptive behaviors 28) The use of the anxiety hierarchy in systematic desensitization allows for the. gradual approach to the feared object. direct confrontation with the feared object. use of real objects instead of imagination. transfer of treatment to real-life situations 29) Tina has been extremely hyperactive for the past week, and she has been getting by with only 3 hours of sleep each night. Her thoughts seem to be racing out of control and she is convinced that the novel she started last week will become a best seller and win a Pulitzer Prize, even though she has never had any of her writing published in the past. Tina's symptoms suggest that she is currently experiencing. dysthymic disorder. generalized anxiety disorder. a manic episode. dissociative fugue 30) Which of the following behavior therapy techniques would most likely be used to treat a fear of flying?. systematic desensitization. aversive conditioning. modeling. biofeedback 5mw11 nswer Section MULTIPLE HOIE 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) 17) 18) 19) orrect = 79% orrect = 75% orrect = 89% orrect = 79% 630 orrect = 43% 575 orrect = 70% orrect = 36%

12 20) 21) 22) 23) 24) 25) 26) 27) 28) 29) 30) orrect = 91% ) The prevalence estimates of both schizophrenia and bipolar disorders are roughly comparable across diverse cultures. This finding lends support to. the relativistic view of psychological disorders. the stress-vulnerability model of psychological disorders. the idiosyncratic view of psychological disorders. the pancultural view of psychological disorders 2) court declares that because of a mental illness, an individual is not responsible for his criminal actions. The individual is. insane. psychopathic. psychotic. schizophrenic 3) Wendy works at Opydyne orporation. t the last business executive meeting she showed up in pajamas and slippers. When her coworkers commented on the inappropriateness of her outfit, Wendy did not seem the least bit disturbed or embarrassed by their comments. In this example, Wendy's style of dressing would most likely be considered. maladaptive. personally distressing. delusional. culturally deviant 4) The idea that you can't be profoundly relaxed and fearful at the same time is basic to. behavior modification. systematic desensitization. successive goal approximations. psychodynamic activation 5) The neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia suggests that schizophrenia may be caused, in part, by. low levels of expressed in emotion in the family of the schizophrenic patient. disruptions in the normal maturational process of the brain before or at birth. genetic factors that interact with environmental stressors during infancy. abnormal levels of dopamine and serotonin in the cerebral cortex 6) Jose has a psychological disorder, and his doctor has prescribed a drug that affects both the levels of norepinephrine and serotonin in Jose's nervous system. ased on this information, it is most likely that Jose is being treated for. an anxiety disorder

13 . a schizophrenic disorder. a somatoform disorder. depression 7) Taken as a whole, the results from studies investigating mental illness among the homeless indicate that, compared to the non-homeless, homeless persons are. less likely to suffer from mental health problems or substance abuse problems. equally likely to suffer from mental health problems. more likely to suffer from mental health problems. less likely to suffer from mental health problems, but more likely to exhibit substance abuse problems 8) Hiding information or things from your therapist can be evidence for. displacement. resistance to therapy. transference. counterconditioning 9) ehavior therapies appear to be particularly effective in the treatment of. major depression. antisocial personality disorder. phobias. multiple-personality disorders 10) Which of the following was not a problem with state mental hospitals in the United States during the 1950s and 1960s?. The hospitals were underfunded.. The hospitals were overstaffed.. The hospital staff was undertrained.. The hospitals were overcrowded. 11) Erick is impulsive and unpredictable. His moods seem to be constantly changing and all his interpersonal relationships seem to be very unstable. If Erick has a personality disorder, his symptoms are most consistent with those associated with disorders in. the dramatic/impulsive cluster. the odd/eccentric cluster. the anxious/fearful cluster. the neurotic/dissociative cluster 12) two-category scheme for classification of schizophrenia has been suggested as an alternative to the older four categories. These two categories are based on. presence or absence of delusions. predominance of positive or negative symptoms. early or late age of onset. slow or fast developing symptoms 13) Jack thinks constantly about dirt and germs. He washes his hands hundreds of times a day. Jack is most likely suffering from. obsessive-compulsive disorder. hypochondriasis. phobic disorder. somatization disorder 14) Which of the following therapies are mainly intended to eliminate symptoms rather than alter personality?

14 . behavior and drug therapies. psychoanalysis and client-centered therapy. client-centered therapies and behavior therapies. psychoanalysis and drug therapies 15) Tony believes that he is Thomas Edison, and he is convinced that his neighbors are spies who are trying to steal his inventions. He believes the neighbors break into his house and search for plans for new inventions when he is not home. Tony's symptoms are most consistent with those seen in. paranoid schizophrenia. undifferentiated schizophrenia. catatonic schizophrenia. disorganized schizophrenia 16) In free association. clients relate the events of their dreams as they remember them. clients are restricted to talking about their sexual conflicts only. clients spontaneously express their thoughts and feelings exactly as they occur. therapists openly express their interpretations of clients' thoughts and feelings 17) The side effect associated with taking traditional antipsychotic drugs, that is characterized by chronic tremors and involuntary spastic movements, is. infindibular recidivism. tardive dyskinesia. tachycardia palpitations. MO inhibition 18) Which of the following statements is true?. Men are more likely than women to enter therapy.. People from the lower socioeconomic classes are more likely to enter therapy than those from the upper classes.. Many people who need therapy don't receive it.. Only people who have an identifiable mental disorder are eligible for therapy. 19) The risks of ET. have been completely eliminated by modern improvements in the procedure. may include both short- and long-term intellectual impairment. are so severe that the use of ET has been banned by law. are negligible, as long as appropriate precautions are taken 20) With regard to psychological disorders, spontaneous remission refers to a. recovery from a disorder that occurs without formal treatment. recovery from a disorder that occurs as a result of formal treatment. sudden recurrence of a disorder in a client who had apparently been cured. failure to recover despite extensive treatment 21) Griffin didn't have time to study for his philosophy midterm so he called the professor and claimed he had strep throat, even though he was not really ill. He was hoping that the professor would allow him to write the midterm one day later. In this case, Griffin's "faked" illness could be considered. a psychosomatic illness. conversion disorder. panic disorder. malingering

15 22) Of the following, which is the most accurate statement regarding eating disorders?. ulimia nervosa is a more life-threatening condition than anorexia nervosa.. oth bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa lead to death in 2-10% of patients.. norexia nervosa is a more life-threatening condition than bulimia nervosa.. While bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa are both serious conditions, neither is a lifethreatening condition. 23) Epidemiology is the study of. the distribution of mental or physical disorders in a population. treatments for psychological disorders. sudden "epidemics" involving specific mental or physical disorders. how cultural values affect judgments of abnormality 24) Which of the following therapies would be most likely to employ aversive conditioning?. psychoanalysis. behavior therapy. biomedical therapies. client-centered therapy 25) ccording to the evolutionary view of mental disorders, a dysfunction occurs when. an individual's behavior meets at least three of the diagnostic criteria outlined in the SM-IV. an evolved psychological mechanism does not perform its naturally selected function adequately or effectively. a behavior is universally recognized as violating cultural or statistical norms. the same disorder is evident in at least three generations of the same family 26) ntipsychotic drugs. gradually reduce psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions. are effective in about 95 percent of psychotic patients. tend to produce an immediate, but short-lasting, effect. are often prescribed even for individuals who have no clinical psychotic disorder 27) Sophie takes over 40 different vitamins and herbal remedies each day to keep herself in top physical health. Recently she had some severe dizziness, but her family doctor assured her that it was just a minor ear infection that would clear up in a few days. Sophie is concerned because she is sure the ear infection is the sign of something much more serious, such as a brain tumor, and she has made appointments with three different specialists to have more testing done. In this case, Sophie's symptoms are most consistent with. somatization disorder. conversion disorder. panic disorder. hypochondriasis 28) harlene is talking with her father, and she confesses that she lied about where she had been on the weekend. Her father tells harlene that he loves her, but that he doesn't approve of her lying. ccording to arl Rogers, harlene's father is displaying the quality of. empathy

16 . validity. unconditional positive regard. selective abstraction 29) major drug used to reduce the symptoms of schizophrenia is. Valium. Elavil. Thorazine. lithium 30) fter several weeks of feeling gloomy and being socially withdrawn, Marco has suddenly become extremely sociable and talkative. He doesn't seem to need any sleep, and he becomes irritated when his friends tell him to slow down. Marco's behavior is consistent with. obsessive-compulsive disorder. schizophrenia. histrionic personality disorder. bipolar disorder 5mw3 nswer Section MULTIPLE HOIE 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) 17) 18) 19) 20) 21) 22) 23) 24) 25) orrect = 69% orrect = 96% orrect = 89% orrect = 91% 632 orrect = 81% orrect = 70% 625 orrect = 69% orrect = 76%

17 26) 27) 28) 29) 30) ) Several research studies have found an elevated incidence of schizophrenia among individuals whose mothers. were exposed to influenza during the second trimester of their pregnancy. were exposed to high levels of stress during the second trimester of their pregnancy. drank heavily during the second trimester of their pregnancy. took narcotic drugs during the second trimester of their pregnancy 2) Epidemiological studies of psychological disorders suggest that. nearly everyone who needs treatment for psychological disorders receives it. epidemics involving psychological disorders are common. psychological disorders are more common than many people realize. there has been a significant decrease in prevalence rates of mental illness in the United States in recent years 3) Selena constantly thinks about climbing up the stairs to the roof of her building and jumping into the street below. Selena's uncontrollable thoughts could be considered as an example of. an obsession. a compulsion. a hallucination. a delusion 4) Scarlett has anorexia nervosa and ridget has bulimia nervosa. ased on the research into these two disorders, you should predict that. Scarlett will be more likely to recognize that her eating behavior is pathological. both individuals are likely to deny that their eating behavior as pathological. both individuals will recognize their eating behavior is pathological, but neither will be willing to seek treatment. ridget will be more likely to recognize that her eating behavior is pathological 5) arina is 50 years old, and she never seems to be on an even keel. Some days she is excited and happy, other days she is sad and withdrawn. Her symptoms seem fairly mild, but she has had mood swings of this type since she was in her early 20s. arina's symptoms are most consistent with those seen in. cyclothymic disorder. dysthymic disorder. undifferentiated schizophrenia. dissociative identity disorder 6) Which of the following are disorders that occur cross-culturally?. generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder. hypochondriasis and somatization disorder. schizophrenia and bipolar mood disorder. bulimia and anorexia nervosa 7) In his investigations of the cognitive factors that might contribute to depression, Seligman found that people with a pessimistic explanatory style are especially vulnerable to depression. These individuals tend to attribute their setbacks to, and draw conclusions about their personal inadequacies.

18 . situational factors; narrow, specific. personal flaws; narrow, specific. situational factors; global, far-reaching. personal flaws; global, far-reaching 8) Which of the following disorders is seen only in affluent Western cultures?. schizophrenia. depression. bipolar illness. anorexia nervosa 9) Which of the following would Freud consider to be the most direct means of access to the unconscious mind?. transference. the content of dreams. the client's feelings toward the therapist. the client's attempts to hinder the progress of therapy 10) Hamilton has embezzled over 3 million dollars from the bank where he is employed as an executive loan officer. He feels no remorse for his actions, and he is looking forward to an early retirement in some South merican country with no extradition agreement. In this example, Hamilton's embezzling would most likely be considered. culturally deviant. maladaptive. personally distressing. legal insanity 11) Which of the following statements is true?. ehavior therapists have historically placed little emphasis on measuring therapeutic outcomes.. ehavior therapies can make important contributions in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, eating disorders, and hyperactivity.. Insight therapists generally can measure progress more precisely than behavior therapists because of the nature of their therapeutic goals.. The evidence for the effectiveness of insight therapy is stronger than the evidence for the effectiveness of behavior therapy. 12) The "behavior" that is incompatible with anxiety, and that systematic desensitization tries to recondition to phobic cues is. an imagined fear. an imagined pleasant experience. deep muscle relaxation. vigorous exercise 13) arolyn worked for the same company for twelve years. Six months ago the company closed down. arolyn had been feeling extremely depressed over the loss of her job, and she had considered seeing a therapist for help with her depression. However, for the past week she has been feeling much better, and has decided that she doesn't need professional treatment after all. In this case, arolyn appears to have experienced. spontaneous remission. personal insight. the placebo effect. transference

19 14) Which of the following is not an example of a somatoform disorder?. neuroticism. somatization disorder. conversion disorder. hypochondriasis 15) einstitutionalization means that. hospitalization for mental illness has become a thing of the past. whenever possible, the mentally ill should be treated at community-based facilities that emphasize outpatient care. the environment inside mental hospitals is designed to be less structured and rigid. mental hospitals should take increased responsibility for the treatment of all clients, even those who are not seriously ill 16) Which of the following statements is true?. The therapists' role is to run their clients' lives for them.. Therapists are only facilitators, not producers, of change.. Therapy typically produces immediate, major improvements in clients' psychological functioning.. The best outcomes in therapy are seen when the therapist and the client are the same sex and are similar in age. 17) Which of the following academic degrees is not associated with being a psychologist?. M... Ph... Psy... Ed.. 18) In comparison to traditional antipsychotic drugs, atypical antipsychotic drugs. yield higher relapse rates while patients are taking the medication, but have much lower relapse rates once patients discontinue their drug regimen. yield lower relapse rates for patients following a drug regimen and for patients who have discontinued their drug regimen. yield lower relapse rates while patients maintain their drug regimen, but have much higher relapse rates if patients discontinue their drug regimen. yield higher relapse rates for patients following a drug regimen and for patients who have discontinued their drug regimen 19) The class of disorders marked by extreme and inflexible characteristics that cause subjective distress or impaired social and occupational functioning are referred to as. mood disorders. affective disorders. conduct disorders. personality disorders 20) bout of psychotic patients respond favorably to traditional antipsychotic medication %. 1-3% % %

20 21) Which of the following shows the most appropriate matching of therapy to psychological problem?. lithium treatment for phobic disorder. cognitive therapy for panic disorder. Xanax for depression. systematic desensitization for bipolar mood disorder 22) The evolutionary view of mental disorders argues that objective criteria would. increase the impact of cultural factors in the diagnosis of mental disorders. result in fewer errors in the diagnosis of major psychological disorders. protect against arbitrary labeling of socially disvalued conditions as disorders. remove personality disorders from the SM-IV categorization system 23) To deal with the problems deinstitutionalization has created, most experts advocate. returning to the era of mental hospitals as custodial warehouses. eliminating shelters for the homeless in urban areas. increasing the quality and availability of intermediate care facilities. increasing the number of traditional mental hospitals 24) What do the avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders have in common?. mistrustfulness and the inability to connect emotionally with others. maladaptive efforts to control anxiety and fear. highly impulsive behavior. a flair for overdramatizing events 25) Eclectic therapists. commit themselves to just one theoretical approach. utilize only the insight approaches to therapy. use ideas and techniques from a variety of therapeutic approaches. refuse to adjust their techniques to the unique needs of each client 26) Which of the following personality traits appears to be related to the likelihood of developing a somatoform disorder?. neuroticism. extraversion. agreeableness. conscientiousness 27) Which of the following statements best represents the approach of a clientcentered therapist in treating a chronically anxious client?. "Let's look for ways in which you might actually be benefiting from your anxiety.". "So, you feel that your world is a very scary place to be.". "Let's see if we can identify the irrational beliefs that are producing your anxiety.". "o you feel that your mother adequately met your need for emotional support when you were a child?" 28) Electroconvulsive therapy (ET) is now primarily used to treat patients suffering from. anxiety. phobias. severe mood disorders

21 . psychosis 29) Jill will sit in one position for long periods of time, evidencing muscular rigidity. Jill is exhibiting symptoms of. paranoid schizophrenia. catatonic schizophrenia. disorganized schizophrenia. undifferentiated schizophrenia 30) Which of the following is not one of the criticisms that has been raised concerning the impact of managed care on mental health care?. elays in providing service result in spontaneous remission of psychological disorders in nearly 25% of cases.. Mental health care has seen severe service cuts because the question of what is medically necessary can be subjective.. Patients who are denied psychotherapy services are relatively unlikely to complain.. ost containment may cause physicians to prescribe older, less-expensive drugs which are less effective. 5tr1 nswer Section MULTIPLE HOIE 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) 17) 18) 19) 20) 21) 22) 23) 24) 25) orrect = 88% orrect = 68% orrect = 64% 628 orrect = 58% orrect = 40% 643 orrect = 88% 649 orrect = 97% 618 orrect = 47% orrect = 66% orrect = 94% 599 orrect = 69% 640

22 26) 27) 28) 29) 30) 584 orrect = 77% orrect = 90% 638 1) The trend toward deinstitutionalization mainly came about because large mental institutions. were becoming too expensive. were actually worsening the condition of many patients. were overstaffed. were becoming too political 2) yndi has just been to a therapist who prescribed an antipsychotic medication. yndi should expect to experience a noticeable reduction in her symptoms of schizophrenia. only after 1-2 weeks of taking the prescribed amount of the drug. within 2-3 hours of taking the drug for the first time. within 24 hours of taking the drug for the first time. only after 6-8 weeks of taking the prescribed amount of the drug 3) person who checks his alarm clock 20 times before going to sleep is being. compulsive. obsessive. phobic. amnesiac 4) Roy alternates between periods in which he remains motionless and seems oblivious to his environment, and periods of hyperactivity and frenzied excitement. Roy would most likely be diagnosed as having. paranoid schizophrenia. catatonic schizophrenia. disorganized schizophrenia. undifferentiated schizophrenia 5) Which of the following is not a common stereotype about psychological disorders?. Psychological disorders are incurable.. Psychological disorders are a function of biophysiological factors.. People with psychological disorders are violent and dangerous.. People with psychological disorders are very different from normal people. 6) The major difference between a somatization disorder and a conversion disorder is that. a somatization disorder involves intentional faking of physical illness, while conversion symptoms are unconsciously created. somatization disorders involve a wide variety of organs and symptoms; conversion disorders involve loss of function in a single organ system. a somatization disorder involves apparent physical illness, and conversion disorder involves genuine physical illness. somatization disorders occur only in adults, while conversion disorders occur only in children 7) ompared to traditional antipsychotic drugs, the newer atypical antipsychotic drugs. seem to produce more severe side effects, but they work much more quickly

23 . are more effective in treating the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. can be used to treat depression and anxiety, in addition to schizophrenia. seem to produce fewer side effects 8) person who withdraws socially because of an intense fear of rejection would most likely be diagnosed as personality, while a person who withdraws socially due to a lack of interest in interpersonal intimacy would most likely be diagnosed as personality.. a schizoid; a paranoid. a dependent; a schizotypal. an avoidant; a schizoid. an avoidant; a paranoid 9) Which of the following is not a closely related set of concepts?. aversion therapy, ET, tardive dyskinesia. free association, dream analysis, transference. genuineness, empathy, unconditional positive regard. antipsychotic, antianxiety, antidepressant 10) ccording to Freud, the events in dreams. have no connection to the client's real life and thus are irrelevant in therapy. are symbolic representations of recent events in the client's life. need to be analyzed by the therapist and interpreted for the client. are logical interpretations of random neural activation 11) Frank witnessed a horrible car accident but cannot remember anything about it. Frank appears to have. psychosis-induced repression. dissociative fugue. dissociative amnesia. conversion disorder 12) disorder that was extremely rare prior to the last half of the 20th century is. manic-depressive disorder. schizophrenia. obsessive-compulsive disorder. anorexia nervosa 13) Some research studies have found that, compared to control subjects, schizophrenic patients are. less likely to have a history of obstetrical complications. more likely to have a history of obstetrical complications. more likely to have experienced impoverished living conditions during infancy. more likely to have developed influenza while they were in preschool 14) Psychopharmacotherapy involves the treatment of mental disorders with. electroconvulsive shock. insight therapy. medication. surgery 15) The study of the incidence and distribution of mental or physical disorders within a population defines the discipline known as. etiology. epidemiology

24 . psychobiology. demography 16) The different approaches to psychotherapy. overlap so much that there is little basis for differentiating one from another. have developed due to tension between competing theories. are all equally appropriate for all kinds of psychological problems. can be used interchangeably for the majority of psychological disorders 17) Which of the following psychologists is most likely to deal with the most severe mental health problems?. counseling psychologist. clinical psychologist. school psychologist. research psychologist 18) Hans Eysenck is famous for studying the outcome of insight therapies. Which of the following was not one of his findings?. Neurotics who were treated showed about a two-thirds recovery rate.. Untreated neurotics showed about a two-thirds recovery rate.. Neurotics in therapy showed a significantly higher recovery rate than untreated neurotics.. Treatment seemed to produce little difference over nontreatment in recovery of neurotics. 19) arla was fired from her most recent job. ased on Seligman's investigations into the cognitive factors that might contribute to depression, arla will be most prone to depression if she attributes her firing to. her lack of ability to do her job successfully. the bad mood that her boss was in on the day she was fired. a general downturn in the economy which resulted in massive layoffs. her coworker who started a number of false rumors about arla 20) ysthymic disorder is to as cyclothymic disorder is to.. depressive disorder; bipolar disorder. bipolar disorder; unipolar mood disorder. manic-depressive disorder; depressive disorder. bipolar disorder; depressive disorder 21) Health maintenance organizations (HMOs) can hold down costs by restricting mental health services. ccording to critics, these restrictions may include all but which of the following?. underdiagnosing mental health conditions. requiring re-certification of the service providers within the HMO. failing to make needed referrals to mental health specialists. arbitrarily limiting the length of treatment 22) ehavior that interferes with an individual's social or occupational functioning may be considered to be. deviant. maladaptive. personally distressing. insane 23) Which of the following statements is false?. Prevalence estimates for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder appear to be roughly comparable across diverse cultures.

25 . Prevalence estimates for most diagnostic categories appear to be quite similar across cultures.. isorders that have a strong biological component tend to exhibit greater cross-cultural similarity in prevalence.. Environmental factors at work in specific cultures probably foster some disorders more readily than others. 24) With regard to a therapist's sex. it is generally better to choose a therapist the same sex as yourself. it is generally better to choose a therapist the opposite sex as yourself. you should feel free to look for a therapist of one sex or the other if it is personally important to you. both men and women report better outcomes when seeing female therapists 25) The key symptoms of depression in Western cultures are often cognitive symptoms, such as guilt and self-blame. The key symptoms of depression in nonwestern cultures are often somatic symptoms, such as headaches and fatigue. The fact that the same disorder can manifest itself in different ways in Western and nonwestern cultures lends support to the. relativistic view of psychological disorders. pancultural view of psychological disorders. stress-vulnerability model of psychological disorders. idiosyncratic view of psychological disorders 26) lient: "I've had a bad week. I'm really down." Therapist: "You've had some unpleasant experiences lately and are feeling quite depressed as a result." The therapist's statement in this interaction is intended to communicate to the client.. genuineness. unconditional positive regard. empathy. disapproval 27) eth is so terrified of snakes that even walking on sidewalks covered with earthworms after a rain storm makes her feel anxious. Her behavioral therapist has been helping eth overcome her fear by having her work through an anxiety hierarchy while she maintains a state of deep relaxation. In this case, her therapist is using. hypnotherapy to help eth overcome her fear of snakes. systematic desensitization to help eth overcome her fear of snakes. aversion therapy to help eth overcome her fear of snakes. biofeedback to help eth overcome her fear of snakes 28) The transferring of treatment of mental illness from inpatient institutions to community-based facilities is referred to as. mainstreaming. exit-transfer therapy. decentralization. deinstitutionalization 29) Of the individuals who develop either anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa, approximately are females % % % %