Review Sheet: Psychological Disorders (7-9%) and Treatment (5-7%)

Transcription

1 Name Ms. Gabriel/Mr. McManus Date Period AP Psychology Review Sheet: Psychological Disorders (7-9%) and Treatment (5-7%) 1) psychological disorders Understanding Psychological Disorders 2) The Medical Perspective 3) The Bio-Psycho-Social Perspective Classifying Psychological Disorders 4) DSM-V 5) neurotic disorders 6) psychotic disorders Labeling Psychological Disorders 7) David Rosenhan 8) Disadvantages of diagnostic labeling 9) Advantages of diagnostic labeling Anxiety Disorder 10) anxiety disorders 11) generalized anxiety disorder 12) panic disorder 13) panic attack 14) agoraphobia 15) phobias

2 16) social phobia (social anxiety disorder) 17) obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) 18) post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Explaining Anxiety Disorders 19) The Learning Perspective a) fear conditioning b) stimulus generalization c) reinforcement d) observational learning 20) The Biological Perspective a) natural selection b) genes c) physiology Mood Disorders 21) mood disorders 22) major depressive disorder 23) dysthymic disorder 24) bipolar disorder 25) manic episode

3 Explaining Mood Disorders 26) The Biological Perspective a) genetic influences b) the depressed brain 27) The Social-Cognitive Perspective a) negative thoughts feed negative moods b) negative moods feed negative thoughts c) depression s vicious cycle Dissociative Disorders 28) dissociative disorders 29) dissociative identity disorder (DID) 30) Evidence that DID is real 31) Evidence that DID is not real Schizophrenia 32) schizophrenia a) disorganized thinking i) delusions ii) word salad b) disturbed perceptions i) hallucinations

4 c) inappropriate emotions and actions i) flat affect ii) catatonia Understanding Schizophrenia 33) brain abnormalities a) dopamine activity b) brain anatomy c) maternal virus during midpregnancy 34) genetic factors 35) psychological disorders Personality Disorders 36) personality disorders 37) avoidant personality disorder 38) schizoid personality disorder 39) histrionic personality disorder 40) narcissistic personality disorder 41) borderline personality disorder 42) antisocial personality disorder

5 Eating Disorders (pages ) 43) anorexia nervosa 44) bulimia nervosa Psychological Therapy 1) psychotherapy 2) eclectic approach Psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud 3) Aims of psychoanalysis 4) Methods of psychoanalysis 1) free association 2) resistance 3) interpretations 4) transference 5) psychodynamic therapy 6) interpersonal psychotherapy Humanistic Therapies Maslow and Rogers 7) Focus of humanistic therapies 8) client-centered therapy 9) Carl Rogers 10) active listening

6 Behavior Therapies Skinner 11) behavior therapy 12) classical conditioning techniques a) systematic desensitization b) exposure therapy c) progressive relaxation d) aversive conditioning 13) operant conditioning a) token economy b) behavior modification Cognitive Therapies Aaron Beck and Albert Ellis 14) cognitive therapies 15) Aaron Beck 16) cognitive-behavior therapy Biomedical Therapies 17) drug therapies a) psychopharmacology b) antipsychotic drugs c) antianxiety drugs d) antidepressant drugs

7 i. SSRI ii. lithium 18) electroconvulsive therapy 19) transcranial magnetic stimulation 20) psychosurgery a) lobotomy

8 Disorders 1) A critical component for labeling a person s behavior as abnormal is that the behavior must a) be present in other people who have already been diagnosed with a disorder b) not be under the voluntary control of the person c) pose a serious threat to those around the person d) interfere with some aspect of the person s life e) have been previously diagnosed as problematic 2) During the past few years, Lester has experienced several episodes of devastating sadness, weight loss, feelings of worthlessness, and an inability to concentrate. Recently, Lester is experiencing tremendous elation, excessive excitement, racing thoughts, and elevated self-esteem. He has not slept for several days, claiming that he no longer needs a full night s sleep. Which diagnosis will Lester most likely receive from a clinical psychologist? a) Bipolar disorder b) Obsessive-compulsive disorder c) Bulimia nervosa d) Major depressive disorder e) Conversion disorder 3) Which of the following symptoms is characteristic of schizophrenia? a) Multiple personalities b) Hallucinations c) Mood swings d) Frequent hand washing e) Amnesia 4) Fred is afraid to leave his house, and he is extremely apprehensive every time he has to go out in public. Fred is most likely to be diagnosed with which type of disorder? a) Disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct b) Anxiety c) Bipolar and related d) Dissociative e) Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic 5) An item on a psychological test asks whether the test taker believes radio news stations are delivering special messages to the test taker that others cannot detect. Jason takes the test and answers yes to this question, because he recently detected messages to him embedded in a radio broadcast. Jason appears to be experiencing a) Delusions of reference b) Catatonia c) Visual hallucinations d) Anxiety e) Flat affect 6) Brandon is superficially charming and skilled at exploiting people for his own gain. He is also impulsive and irresponsible, and he generally disregards social norms. Brandon would most likely be diagnosed with which of the following disorders? a) Antisocial personality b) Schizoid personality c) Dissociative identity d) Conversion e) Bipolar 7) Specific phobia differs from generalized anxiety disorder in which of the following ways? a) Specific phobia is linked to a particular stimulus, whereas generalized anxiety disorder is not b) Generalized anxiety disorder is linked to a particular stimulus, whereas specific phobia is not c) Specific phobia is not very upsetting for the sufferer, whereas generalized anxiety disorder is d) Generalized anxiety disorder is not very upsetting for the sufferer, whereas specific phobia is e) Generalized anxiety disorder is classified as one of the anxiety disorders, whereas specific phobia is not

9 8) Which of the following is a common symptom of the manic phase of bipolar disorder? a) Auditory hallucinations b) A feeling of intense sadness c) Rapid speech d) The presence of two distinct personalities e) Narcolepsy Therapy 9) Thomas is thirty years old and is very shy. He becomes anxious in social situations, so he avoids them. Thomas does not have close friends and rarely leaves his apartment. However, he writes a very successful and popular internet blog, is usually content and calm while working at home, and has a positive relationship with his family. Psychologists would be hesitant to label Thomas as psychologically disordered because his behavior a) is a conscious choice, rational, and predictable. b) was learned through principles of operant conditioning. c) was learned through principles of classical conditioning. d) does not appear to be deviant from the norm. e) does not appear to cause distress or impair his day-to-day functioning. 10) Following the failure of his business, Mr. Park disappeared and was discovered two years later in another state practicing law without a license. When questioned, he responded that he had found himself in a strange city and could not remember any personal information. Mr. Park most likely would be diagnosed with a) amnesia b) dissociative identity disorder c) dissociative fugue d) dementia e) bipolar disorder 11) Alan is sure something is wrong with him, even though his doctor has not found any physiological basis for his complaints. He returns to the doctor every few weeks to report symptoms of new illnesses based on information he reads. Alan is most likely to be diagnosed with which of the following types of disorders? a) mood b) anxiety c) dissociative d) somatoform e) personality 1) During therapy sessions, Gerry s therapist often rephrases things that Gerry has said or asks for clarification. This action is consistent with what aspect of client-centered therapy? a) empathy b) unconditional positive regard c) genuineness d) active listening e) self-worth 2) During a therapy session, a client acts very angry toward her therapist, just as she acts toward her mother. A psychoanalytically oriented therapist would say the client s behavior is an example of a) resistance b) transference c) countertransference d) catharsis e) reaction formation 3) Roshni is anxious because she believes that nearly everyone must approve of everything she does. Which of the following is a cognitive therapist most likely to do to help Roshni overcome her anxiety? a) Reward her when she thinks positively about herself b) Punish her when she thinks negatively about herself c) Work on changing the way she interprets her circumstances d) Desensitize her to people s reactions e) Find the subconscious source of her need for approval

10 4) Carmen s psychiatrist has prescribed a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor to help Carmen feel better. Carmen has most likely been diagnosed with what disorder? a) Schizophrenia b) Somatic symptom c) Major depressive d) Antisocial personality e) Specific phobia 5) José s doctor has prescribed antipsychotic medication for him. José is most likely to be diagnosed as having which of the following disorders? a) Obsessive-compulsive b) Generalized anxiety c) Somatic symptom d) Schizophrenia e) Specific phobia 6) Jim decides to seek treatment for his alcoholism that involves taking a medication that causes nausea when paired with alcohol. What type of treatment has Jim chosen? a) Cognitive b) Psychodynamic c) Humanistic d) Behavioral e) Gestalt 7) Which of the following assumes a biological cause for a disorder? a) Systematic desensitization b) Rational-emotive behavioral therapy c) Client-centered therapy d) Electroconvulsive therapy e) Free association 8) Which of the following treatments would be most effective for someone who experiences a rapid heartbeat, light-headedness, and nausea when speaking in public? a) Medication to reduce dopamine levels b) Interpretation of transference behaviors c) Systematic desensitization d) Reflective listening e) Aversive conditioning 9) Which of the following is an example of a cognitive distortion according to Aaron Beck s cognitive therapy model of treatment? a) If I don t get all As in college, then my degree will be worth nothing. b) My mother had a difficult childhood and has difficulty showing affection. c) There is a girl in my class who does not talk to anyone because she is shy. d) If I don t go to the mall today, then I might miss the end of season sales. e) My brother does not like to hang out with me because I am so much younger than he. 10) Lithium carbonate is used to treat a) agoraphobia b) anorexia nervosa c) panic disorder d) bipolar disorder e) dissociative fugue 11) Light exposure therapy is most effective in treating a) schizophrenia b) seasonal affective disorder c) obsessive-compulsive disorder d) antisocial personality disorder e) autism

11 Questions refer to the information below. A psychologist describes the following steps to a client, while the client is practicing relaxation techniques, in order to treat the client s psychological disorder. 1. You are entering a large building. 2. You are pressing a button for an elevator. 3. You are stepping into an elevator. 4. You are watching the doors close after entering the elevator. 5. You are traveling five floors on the elevator. 12) Which of the following categories would most likely represent the diagnosis associated with this set of behaviors? a) mood disorder b) anxiety disorder c) dissociative disorder d) schizophrenic disorder e) somatoform disorder 13) What type of treatment technique is described above? a) aversion therapy b) systematic desensitization c) extinction d) flooding e) punishment 14) Which type of therapy is most closely associated with the technique used in this method? a) psychoanalytic b) behavioral c) biomedical d) cognitive e) client centered