PSY102: Practice Test #3

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "PSY102: Practice Test #3"

Corey Joseph
6 years ago
Views:

1 PSY102: Practice Test #3 4) Suppose you are a psychologist who is evaluating the behaviour of a new client. The client tells you that he does not like to wear clothing and that he walks around nude most of the time. In addition, he tells you that he lives in a society in which clothing is required and nudity is seen as abnormal. Which of the following is not a criterion by which you evaluate your client s behaviour as abnormal? a. Societal disapproval b. Impairment c. Subjective distress d. Statistical rarity 7) Any behaviour that does not allow a person to function within or adapt to the stresses and everyday demands of life is considered a. qualitatively rare. b. socially disapproved of. c. impairing and maladaptive. d. statistically rare. 14) The perspective that mental disorders don t all have one thing in common, but rather share a loose set of features is called the. a. failure analysis approach b. family resemblance view c. medical model d. multimodal approach 30) A key idea in the discussion on the universality versus diversity in psychiatric diagnoses was that a. all disorders are found throughout all cultures of the world. b. most psychiatric disorders are unique to specific cultures and relatively unknown in others. c. many psychiatric disorders are similar across cultures. d. psychiatric disorders found in North America and Europe are often unknown in many African and Asian cultures. 22) In a condition called, some residents in Central Canada report a morbid fear of becoming a cannibal. a. Windigo 1

2 b. Latah c. Brain fog d. Mal de Ojo 15) It is not unreasonable to assume that, in ancient times, signs of mental illness were believed to be caused by a. imbalance of body fluids. b. social forces. c. demons. d. improper diet. 32) Which of the following is not a criterion for determining whether a psychiatric diagnosis is valid? a. It distinguishes that diagnosis from other, similar diagnoses. b. It predicts an individual s performance on laboratory tests. c. It relies on self-reported behaviours and not observations. d. It predicts an individual s response to treatment. 38) The primary purpose of the DSM-IV is to a. help psychologists assess only normal behaviour. b. keep the number of diagnostic categories of mental disorders to a minimum. c. describe the causes of common physiological disorders. d. help psychological professionals diagnose psychological disorders. 54) Dikeshia is giving a presentation in her abnormal psychology class on the prevalence of psychological disorders. If you were a student in that class, what general category of disorders would you expect her to mention as one of the most prevalent psychological disorders? a. Dissociative disorders b. Anxiety disorders c. Personality disorders d. Schizophrenia 66) A disorder in which excessive anxiety and worry occur more days than not for at least six months is called a. agoraphobia. 2

3 b. major depressive disorder. c. social phobia. d. generalized anxiety disorder. 71) An anxiety disorder characterized by frequent panic disorder that affect the person s ability to function in day-to-day living is called a. obsessive-compulsive disorder. b. generalized anxiety disorder. c. panic disorder. d. posttraumatic stress disorder. 82) Arlene has an irrational fear of flying in airplanes. She is probably suffering from a a. phobia. b. generalized anxiety disorder. c. panic attack. d. panic disorder. 89) Victims of sexual assault may experience strong stress reactions, intense anxiety, and flashbacks to their attacks from environmental cues that remind them of being attacked and helpless. If these become frequent, intense, and debilitating, the person may be diagnosed as suffering from a. generalized anxiety disorder. b. panic disorder. c. social phobia. d. posttraumatic stress disorder. 93) A disorder in which intruding thoughts that occur again and again are followed by repetitive, ritualistic behaviour meant to lower the anxiety caused by the thoughts is called a. obsessive-compulsive disorder. b. social phobia. c. paranoid schizophrenia. d. clinical depression. 103) Behavioural theorists argue that anxiety disorders are conditioned through the process of 3

4 a. negative reinforcement. b. positive punishment. c. positive reinforcement. d. negative punishment. 114) Major changes in sleep patterns, weight level, and feelings about one's self-worth characterize a. major depressive disorder. b. social anxiety. c. schizophrenia. d. agoraphobia. 118) Research into demographic differences in the rates of major depressive disorder, or clinical depression as it is often called, suggests that a. there are no age, gender, or racial differences in the prevalence of the disorder in North America. b. men are more likely than women to be diagnosed with the disorder in North America. c. men are less likely than women to be diagnosed with the disorder in North America. d. adults are less likely than children to be diagnosed with the disorder in North America. 121) is a mood disorder that is caused by the body s reaction to low levels of light present in the winter months. a. Bipolar disorder b. Seasonal affective disorder c. Major depressive disorder d. Cyclothymia 138) Mr. Evans feels that no matter what he does, he will be unable to convince his boss that he deserves a promotion. He also feels that it doesn't matter who his boss is, he still would not receive a promotion. These feelings represent what Martin Seligmann called a. learned helplessness. b. depressive realism. c. illusory control. d. overgeneralization. 4

5 143) A person who suffers from bipolar disorder alternates between. a. mania and schizophrenia b. depression and manic episodes c. anxiety and mania d. depression and schizophrenia 151) A concern for researchers interested in the topic of suicide prevention is that the number of suicides is a. hopelessly out of date. b. underestimated. c. overestimated. d. much greater for adults than adolescents. 157) What category of psychological disorders is characterized by inflexible and maladaptive behavioural patterns? a. Personality disorders b. Schizophrenia c. Dissociative disorders d. Anxiety disorders 164) Serial killers Paul Bernardo, Ted Bundy, and Aileen Wuornos each are prototypical examples of a. histrionic personality. b. schizotypal personality. c. psychopathic personality. d. borderline personality. 166) What general category of psychological disorders is characterized by a disruption in one's unified sense of identity? a. Anxiety disorders b. Dissociative disorders c. Schizophrenia d. Personality disorders 5

6 186) The idea of split mind contributed to the popular myth that the symptoms of stemmed from a split-personality. a. schizophrenia b. borderline personality disorder c. dissociative identity disorder d. bipolar disorder 193) Trevor has schizophrenia and often hears a voice that tells him Meat eaters are the devil. They will force you to eat the beef and implant you with brain tumours. Go and stop the meat eaters. Trevor s experience reflects what symptom of schizophrenia? a. Delusions of grandeur b. Disorganized speech c. Command hallucinations d. Persecutory delusions 214) Asperger s disorder appears to be a mild form of what disorder? a. Autism b. Schizophrenia c. Bipolar disorder d. Depression 215) Which of the following statements is true concerning attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder? a. Approximately 10-15% of children are diagnosed with ADHD. b. ADHD is more prevalent in young boys than in young girls. c. Children with ADHD are unable to concentrate on tasks. d. ADHD is caused by environmental and parenting factors. 215) Which of the following statements is true concerning attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder? a. Approximately 10-15% of children are diagnosed with ADHD. b. ADHD is more prevalent in young boys than in young girls. c. Children with ADHD are unable to concentrate on tasks. d. ADHD is caused by environmental and parenting factors. 6

7 192) Tobacco is often used to a. appear more sophisticated. b. increase feelings of anxiety. c. enhance feelings of sexual pleasure. d. reduce feelings of anxiety. 199) What general category of drug is used in the controlling of pain? a. Depressants and sedative-hypnotics b. Psychedelics c. Opiate narcotics d. Stimulants 1) The kind of therapy that involves talking things out with a professional is called a. interpersonal therapy. b. physical therapy. c. biomedical therapy. d. psychotherapy. 4) Females benefit males when receiving psychotherapy for their emotional or mental difficulties. a. equally as much as b. more than c. less than d. substantially more than 12) Which of the following professionals works in hospitals, community health centres, primary care facilities, and outpatient mental health clinics; they often have an associate s degree, and can manage medications? a. Psychiatric nurse b. Clinical social worker c. Mental health counsellor d. Clinical psychologist 71) Which person might benefit the most from a group therapy environment? 7

8 a. Suzanne, who has schizophrenia b. Richard, who is withdrawn c. Jasmine, who is uncomfortable in social settings d. Elena, who is very sociable 77) According to the authors, the claims of Alcoholics Anonymous's success a. have largely gone unrecognized by the scientific community. b. can be applied to other problems of impulse control. c. is supported by the available data. d. is not supported by the available data. 81) The family therapy approach designed to remove barriers to effective communication is called a. structural family therapy. b. structural family intervention. c. strategic group intervention. d. strategic family intervention. 125) The process of learning through the observation and imitation of others is called a. aversion therapy. b. modelling. c. operant conditioning. d. token economy. 128) Larry has a substance dependence on alcohol, and his therapist is trying to help him eliminate his addition by giving him a medication called Antabuse that makes him sick every time he drinks alcohol. What type of therapy is Larry undergoing? a. Pharmacotherapy b. Flooding c. Systematic desensitization d. Aversion therapy 133) Cognitive-behavioural therapists would argue that anxiety and mood disorders are largely the result of a. conditional positive regard. 8

9 b. maladaptive cognitions. c. maladaptive behaviours. d. unresolved childhood issues. 139) Rational-emotive therapy is a type of therapy. a. insight b. cognitive-behavioural c. Gestalt d. psychoanalytic 162) Which therapeutic technique is associated with the potential for a heightened risk of posttraumatic stress symptoms? a. Crisis debriefing b. Recovered memory techniques c. Rage reduction therapy d. Facilitated communication 165) Which of the following is a common factor across the many forms of effective treatments? a. Therapist directives for change b. Critical thinking c. Instilling hope d. Challenging irrational thought patterns 176) One reason that nearly any type of credible treatment may produce strong beneficial effects is that people hope it will and want it to work. This idea is referred to as a. the self-serving bias. b. spontaneous remission. c. the placebo effect. d. regression to the mean. 185) Which form of biological therapy would a psychiatrist be most likely to suggest for a client? a. Vagus nerve stimulation therapy b. Electroconvulsive therapy c. Psychosurgery 9

10 d. Pharmacotherapy 193) A frequently prescribed medication for managing one's attention problems is a. Thorazine. b. Ritalin. c. Lithium. d. Prozac. 198) A major criticism of the use of medication for treating a child's ADHD is that a. doctors are overprescribing medications for children with ADHD rather than using effective strategies to increase the child's attention. b. parents and teachers are often allowed little input in whether a child must begin pharmacotherapy for his or her ADHD. c. pharmacotherapy leads to an increased risk for suicide in patients diagnosed with ADHD. d. there is no scientific evidence that pharmacotherapy is useful is reducing the symptoms for children with ADHD. 1) Research suggests that stress-producing events are a. less likely to affect residents of rural areas or non-industrialized countries. b. more likely to affect people living in urban areas and developed countries. c. widespread among all sectors of society. d. rare and only affect a small portion of the population. 8) Researchers view stress in the following three ways: a. a stimulus, a transaction with the environment, and as a response. b. a fear, an attack, and a rage. c. a response, an apprehension, and a stimulus. d. a stimulus, uneasiness, and a response. 10) Research suggests that when natural disasters cause collective trauma to a community, stressful circumstances can a. increase social awareness and cement interpersonal bonds. b. lead to decreased social bonds and increased isolation. c. cause increased rates of depression and suicide. d. lead to increased interpersonal stress but decreased social stress. 10

11 16) Which of the following is true regarding coping strategies? a. Westin engages in emotion-focused coping when he cries uncontrollably to comfort himself. b. Andrew engages in emotion-focused coping when he believes he is unable to deal with the stressful event. c. Eric engages in problem-focused coping when he faces the challenges of life headon. d. Joe engages in problem-focused coping when he places a positive spin on his feelings and situation. 20) A coping strategy that features a positive outlook on feelings or situations accompanied by behaviours that reduce painful emotions is called coping. a. stress-centred b. rationally focused c. problem-focused d. emotion-focused 25) Many behavioural psychologists recommend coping for dealing with stress. a. stress-centred b. rationally focused c. problem-focused d. emotion-focused 35) The coping method that involves changing the way you feel or emotionally react to a stressor is known as a. a defence mechanism. b. self-focused coping. c. emotion-focused coping. d. problem-focused coping. 45) Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) to measure change due to a. natural disasters. 11

12 b. major life events. c. social difficulties. d. negative life events. 49) Researchers have found an association between daily hassles and a. cancer and heart disease. b. poor general health. c. hypertension and obesity. d. heart disease and schizophrenia. 56) In which stage of the general adaptation syndrome is arousal level the highest? a. Collapse b. Exhaustion c. Alarm d. Resistance 63) A person in the stage of the general adaptation syndrome may feel better even though he or she continues to secrete hormones to help the body fight a stressor. a. alarm b. resistance c. termination d. exhaustion 68) According to Hans Selye, resistance to stress is lowest at the stage of the general adaptation syndrome. a. alarm b. resistance c. exhaustion d. collapse 75) When stressed, research has found that women tend to more often than men. a. fight b. flee c. reach exhaustion 12

13 d. tend and befriend 78) Ali, a war veteran, has had nightmares, flashbacks, and anxiety attacks for the past three years. Ali is most likely suffering from a. posttraumatic stress disorder. b. acute stress disorder. c. eustress disorder. d. counterstress disorder. 84) The most common response to traumatic events is a. anxiety. b. resilience. c. depression. d. PTSD. 88) Which of the following statements best encapsulates the relationship between stress and physical illness according to psychoneuroimmunologists? a. Stress compromises the body s immune system, leaving a person vulnerable to illness. b. Stress increases the production of natural killer cells, which causes cell death and leads to illness. c. Stress causes high blood pressure, heart disease, and cancer. d. Stress has no direct relationship to physical illness, though physicians tell us that these things are related so that we will be more willing to take unnecessary medications. 95) An overactive immune system is associated with all of the following diseases except a. allergies. b. arthritis. c. cancer. d. multiple sclerosis. 104) Which of the following are the leading indicators of coronary heart disease? 13 a. Advanced age and lifestyle b. High blood pressure and family history of the disease

14 c. Stress and personality type d. Diabetes and stress 110) Levon has a Type B personality. Which of the following is most likely? a. Levon is determined to achieve. b. Levon is competitive. c. Levon is slow to anger. d. Levon gets easily upset. 120) What has research on social support and rates of mortality shown? a. People with more social support have higher rates of mortality. b. There is no relationship between social support and mortality. c. Levels of social support are equal to rates of mortality. d. People with less social support have higher rates of mortality. 125) Cognitive control is the a. ability to choose between alternative choices for action. b. ability to reduce the impact of stressful circumstances by actively doing something. c. ability to cognitively suppress and express emotions and thoughts. d. ability to cognitively restructure or think differently about negative emotions that stem from stressful events. 130) Helen is dreading taking a statistics class that is required for her psychology degree. There are two sections of the course offered, so she seeks out information from friends and reads teaching reviews about the professors teaching the class. In making her choice of classes, Helen is engaging in a. decisional control. b. emotional control. c. behavioural control. d. informational control. 136) Crisis debriefing following a traumatic event isn t effective and may worsen traumatic responses because a. it overwhelms people with information that they are not ready to hear. 14

15 b. it interferes with people s natural coping strategies. c. forcing people to deal with their trauma can cause anger and retaliatory responses. d. social support is only protective when it involves people close to us and not counsellors we don t know. 145) According to studies, people who are involved in a religion and attend services regularly are more likely to a. live a shorter life than are those who do not have religious beliefs. b. lack a social support system. c. live longer than do those who do not have religious beliefs. d. feel alone with their struggles. 151) Adena looks on the bright side of life. When a situation is not going well, she is able to bring to light something positive. This is known as a. rumination. b. optimism. c. pessimism. d. self-enhancement. 163) Which of the following unhealthy habits is most closely related to suffering from clinical depression? a. Overeating b. Smoking c. Excessive drinking d. Illegal drug use 166) is associated with increases in cancer, liver problems, pregnancy complications, brain shrinkage, and other neurological problems. a. Smoking b. Binge drinking c. Overeating d. Marijuana use 172) Which of the following are reasons for weight increase, apart from diet and exercise? a. Genetic influences 15

16 b. Use of medicines c. Lack of adequate sleep d. All of the above 177) To help people follow medical advice, one should a. encourage patients to use social support systems. b. give patients educational materials. c. Both A and B d. None of the above 16

Unit 6: Psychopathology and Psychotherapy (chapters 11-12)

Unit 6: Psychopathology and Psychotherapy (chapters 11-12) Learning Objective 1 (pp. 381-382): Conceptions of Mental Illness Biological Dysfunction 1. What is psychopathology? 2. What criteria are used